Article
Chemistry, Physical
Meiting Guo, Zijing Lin
Summary: The study reveals the importance of temperature uniformity in long-term operation of solid oxide fuel cells, which can significantly decrease stresses and strains, as well as failure probabilities of all stack components. The reliability of the sealant is increased and all components are predictably safe against strain failure for 100,000 hours.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weiqiang Cai, Qingrong Zheng, Jinliang Yuan, Wanneng Yu, Zibin Yin, Yu Wu, Zhonggang Zhang
Summary: This study presents a modeling framework that combines thermo-electro-chemo models and a contact thermo-mechanical model to analyze the durability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack. Detailed parametric studies were performed to optimize the performance indicators of the cell under different operating conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sen Yang, Yongjun Lu, Bingbing Liu, Qi Che, Fenghui Wang
Summary: A multilayer thermo-chemical-mechanical model was proposed to investigate the effects of defect diffusion, thermal expansion mismatch, and mechanical bending deformation on mixed ionic-electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes used in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The study found that high tensile stress relieved the overall structural curvature of the multilayer system. Constraining the oxygen partial pressure significantly reduced the overall stress of the multilayer structure. Lowering the sintering temperature and chemical expansion coefficient improved the reliability of planar SOFCs. The results provide theoretical support for designing stable planar solid fuel cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qiangqiang Li, Ganglin Cao, Xiongwen Zhang, Yanfei Ma, Guojun Li
Summary: By building a cosine anode-electrolyte interface, the study investigated the effects of non-planar interface and electrode parameters on solid oxide fuel cells. The results show that a non-planar interface can stimulate high stresses compared to a planar interface, which cannot fully reflect the stress state of the cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENERGY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Yuhua Wu, Xinhai Xu, Zilin Yan, Zheng Zhong
Summary: A comprehensive three-dimensional model for an assembled button solid oxide fuel cell is developed, considering thermal-electrochemical and mechanical effects. The mechanical response of the button cell at different operational stages is numerically simulated, showing the susceptibility of different components to failure and the importance of considering chemical expansion at higher temperatures.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zheng Li, Guogang Yang, Daan Cui, Shian Li, Qiuwan Shen, Guoling Zhang, Hongpeng Zhang
Summary: This study proposes an integrated system of SOFCs and TS-MSR, and comprehensively evaluates its thermo-electro-chemo-mechanical behavior through a three-dimensional multi-physics model. The results suggest that attention should be paid to the design of TS-MSR in order to achieve a balance between cell performance and stability.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Meiting Guo, Dongqi Zhao, Qidong Xu, Zheng Li, Haoran Xu, Meng Ni
Summary: In this study, a three-dimensional electro-thermomechanical coupled model is established to investigate the influence of interconnector (IC) structure on the electrical performance and mechanical stability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The results show that IC design with discrete ribs can enhance the maximum power density without significantly affecting the stress on the electrodes. The stress distribution is primarily determined by the geometrical structure of the IC. Discrete cylindrical ribs and discrete cubic ribs with rounded corners are better choices for balancing electrical power output and mechanical stability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Electrochemistry
Qi Xu, Chengtian Wang, Fuxing Miao, Wanbing Guan, Subhash C. Singhal
Summary: The effect of interconnect deformation on the temperature and thermal stress of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack was simulated based on the thermal-chemical-electrical-mechanical multiphysics coupling theory. The results show that the interconnect mainly experiences a compressive strain when the operating voltage is above 0.85 V, and a tensile strain with increasing voltage below 0.85 V. Interconnect deformation significantly increases the thermal stress of the cells within the stack, but improves the uniform distribution of thermal stress. The coupling effect of interconnect deformation on cell thermal stress within the stack varies at different operating voltages.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ziliang Lan, Daan Cui, Mojie Cheng, Yulong Ji, Bohao Wu, Tao Meng, Baofeng Tu
Summary: By establishing a 3D multiphysics model, the stress distribution and displacement during the sintering process of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been studied. The results show that optimizing the thickness of the anode and electrolyte can significantly reduce sintering stress and warpage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Akira Kishimoto, Taiga Umemura, Shinya Kondo, Takashi Teranishi
Summary: The mechanical strength of 10GDC was increased after contact reduction treatment, resulting in the formation of a surface compression layer. The conductivity of the material was not affected. Co-doping Gd and Sm improved the strength and conductivity compared to 10GDC and 20GDC.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Junya Tanaka, Kazuhisa Sato, Keiji Yashiro, Tatsuya Kawada, Toshiyuki Hashida
Summary: This study investigates the deformation behavior of the anode during reduction and the effect of reduction conditions using NiO-YSZ. It is found that the Ni volume fraction is a major factor, with low Ni volume fraction samples showing expansion and high Ni volume fraction samples showing shrinkage. The expansion behavior is due to the release of compressive residual stress on the YSZ side during reduction.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Mengyuan Guo, Xiaoqiang Zhang, Ying Li, Martin Andersson, Zhibin Yang, Suping Peng
Summary: A low leakage rate sealant of 10 wt% ZrO2-added CaO-K2O-Na2O-BaO silicate glass for SOFC was studied. The sealant's structure remained stable at high temperatures with leakage rates below 10(-4) sccm.cm(-1), and no crystals, except for ZrO2, were found in XRD analysis after heating at 800 degrees C for 100 hours. ZrO2 was distributed in the glass matrix and played a role in preventing over-softening at operating temperature. SEM analysis at 750 degrees C for 100 hours confirmed good compatibility between the sealant and SUS430 interconnect in both oxidizing and reducing atmospheres.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Chih-Che Chueh, Antonio Bertei
Summary: Additive manufacturing enables the designing of high-performance microstructures for solid oxide fuel cells, with ceramic pillars improving ion transport and boosting electrochemical performance. A comprehensive model was developed to assess stress distribution in 3D manufactured electrodes, showing a 10% increase in stress with dense pillars. Manufacturing inaccuracies such as sharp edges and tilted pillars can intensify stress, but are tolerable.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Tao Deng, Liusheng Xiao, Jianzhong Zhu, Kaihua Sun, Zaihong Sun, Minfang Han, Chao Xie, Jinliang Yuan
Summary: In this study, a model is developed to simulate warping displacement and thermal stress in a half-cell of an anode-supported design SOFC during sintering. Parameter optimization is conducted to reduce warping displacement and thermal stress, and the effects of thickness and fillet treatment are investigated. The results provide important insights for optimizing the design of SOFC functional layers.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Keqing Zheng, Ya Sun, Shuanglin Shen, Li Li, Shaorong Wang
Summary: This study introduces a novel cooler for thermal management of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack by controlling the endothermic ammonia cracking reaction to reduce temperature difference. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed cooler compared to traditional methods.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES AND ASSESSMENTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Xiang Zhang, Fei Wang, Zhipeng Wu, Yongfeng Lu, Xueliang Yan, Michael Nastasi, Yan Chen, Yifei Hao, Xia Hong, Bai Cui
Summary: By combining a direct selective laser sintering process with a laser preheating procedure, the temperature gradient and thermal stress were reduced, leading to the successful additive manufacturing of BaTiO3 ceramics. The resulting h-BaTiO3 layer showed high relative density, absence of pores or microcracks, and a Vickers hardness 70% higher than conventionally sintered t-BaTiO3 ceramics.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Di Xie, Zongyang Lyu, Yuan Li, Peter K. Liaw, Huck Beng Chew, Yang Ren, Yan Chen, Ke An, Yanfei Gao
Summary: This study examines the microscopic deformation mechanisms of an extruded, precipitation-strengthened AZ80 magnesium alloy under strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue using in situ neutron diffraction measurements. The results show that plastic deformation is primarily controlled by alternating {10.2} extension twinning and detwinning mechanisms. The complex evolution of dominant deformation mechanisms in this alloy is influenced by initial texture, precipitation strengthening, and load sharing of different grain families and phases, with elevated dislocation activities believed to contribute to its relatively poor low-cycle fatigue lifetime compared to other magnesium alloys.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weicheng Zhong, Jun-Li Lin, Yan Chen, Zhen Li, Ke An, Benjamin J. Sutton, Brent J. Heuser
Summary: The study identified that the increase in hardness of dissimilar metal weldments was attributed to the correlation between microstructure and residual stress, while the reasons for increased hardness in the HAZ of different materials varied.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Panpan Xu, Zhenzhen Yang, Xiaolu Yu, John Holoubek, Hongpeng Gao, Mingqian Li, Guorui Cai, Ira Bloom, Haodong Liu, Yan Chen, Ke An, Krzysztof Z. Pupek, Ping Liu, Zheng Chen
Summary: Direct regeneration of spent Li-ion batteries through hydrothermal relithiation of cathode materials is a promising recycling technology for the future. By optimizing process parameters, it is possible to minimize energy and raw material costs. The use of a cost-effective mixture of LiOH and KOH or recycling concentrated LiOH can significantly reduce raw material costs, leading to decreased energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, and potentially increased revenue when compared to other recycling methods.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhongqiu Li, Bo Guan, Fang Xia, Jiuyuan Nie, Wenyuan Li, Liang Ma, Wei Li, Lingfeng Zhou, Yi Wang, Hanchen Tian, Jian Luo, Yan Chen, Matthew Frost, Ke An, Xingbo Liu
Summary: A new series of HEPs are investigated as cathode materials for SOFCs, achieving both chromium tolerance and high performance. The A-site elements have a significant influence on overall performance, and using the three most active elements simultaneously leads to the best candidate. Excellent Cr tolerance has been observed, with degradation of only 0.25%/kh during operation.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Feng Li, Pengfei Gao, Yan Chen, Cheng Li, Xueliang Shang, Peng Wan, Weijian Chen, Tao Kang, Zhengzhi Zhao, Ke An
Summary: In-situ neutron diffraction reveals the two-stage austenite -> epsilon-martensite -> alpha-martensite phase transformation, phase-specific lattice strain evolution, and load sharing during tensile deformation of a 13%Mn hot-rolled austenitic steel. Direct evidence is provided to attribute the serrated deformation behavior to discontinuous martensitic transformation.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yan Chen, Ke An
Summary: The performance of energy materials is influenced by various structural factors, including lattice structure, atom arrangement, valence, and distribution of transition metal elements. In this study, in situ neutron scattering is used to investigate the real-time structure evolution and atom rearrangement of a high-voltage spinel cathode material. The research provides insights into the mechanisms of phase transition and atom migration, which can guide the synthesis of oxides containing elements with different valences.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chengyi Yu, Kun Lin, Yili Cao, Wenjie Li, Yan Chen, Ke An, Chin-Wei Wang, Kenichi Kato, Qiang Li, Jinxia Deng, Xianran Xing
Summary: In this work, a route to achieving two-dimensional zero thermal expansion (ZTE) behavior in volumetric positive thermal expansion alloys is reported. The ZTE behavior is strongly coupled with fiber crystallographic texture and magnetic moment at the crystallographic 6g site. This approach can be used to extend the scope of ZTE/NTE species in other magnetic or ferroelectric materials.
SCIENCE CHINA-MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenjie Li, Kun Lin, Yu Yan, Chengyi Yu, Yili Cao, Xin Chen, Chin-Wei Wang, Kenichi Kato, Yan Chen, Ke An, Qinghua Zhang, Lin Gu, Qiang Li, Jinxia Deng, Xianran Xing
Summary: A high-performance alloy, Zr0.8Ta0.2Fe1.7Co0.3, with isotropic zero thermal expansion (ZTE) behavior, high corrosion resistance, and excellent thermal and structural stability, is reported. The multiple stabilities are attributed to the alloy's cubic symmetry, controllable magnetic order, and the formation of a passive film with Ta and Zr chemical modifications. The alloy has the potential for robust applications in marine services and other fields.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rui Feng, George Kim, Dunji Yu, Yan Chen, Wei Chen, Peter K. Liaw, Ke An
Summary: Elastic properties are crucial for the mechanical performance of materials, and can be adjusted through alloying. This study investigated the elastic constants of equiatomic ternary refractory multi-principal-element alloys and explored the effects of adding Ti and Mo elements on the elastic properties. The predictions based on Pugh's ratio, Cauchy pressure, and Poisson's ratio were consistent with the mechanical results, indicating the importance of elastic properties in designing ductile and strong refractory high-entropy alloys.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Dawei Zhang, Yan Chen, Tianshi Feng, Dunji Yu, Ke An, Renkun Chen, Jian Luo
Summary: This study discovers a reversible order-disorder transition in a 10-component compositionally complex ceramic induced via annealing in oxidized vs. reduced environments. In-situ neutron diffraction reveals the oxygen vacancy formation and atomic displacement during this transition. This study reveals a new pathway to tailor the properties of compositionally complex fluorite-based oxides through a redox transition.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan Chen, Iuliana Cernatescu, Vasisht Venkatesh, Alexandru D. Stoica, Ke An
Summary: Residual stresses in nickel-based superalloy engineering structure can cause distortion or reduction of performance reliability during high temperature service. In situ time-of-flight neutron diffraction is used to study the real-time relaxation of residual stress in Inconel 718 blocks with different initial states. The majority of residual stress is relieved after 14 to 20 hours at 718°C, and multi-stage relaxation kinetics are observed. Despite the initial discrepancies in samples due to different thermal treatments, the final residual stresses tend to have small variations after relaxation.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan Chen, Krystal Lee, Ke An, Dunji Yu, Hui Zhou, M. Stanley Whittingham
Summary: Hydrogen atoms can be resolved with neutrons, but the high incoherent background affects diffraction quality. Deuteration, through isotope treatment, is necessary for successful crystallographic understanding of hydrogen-containing materials by neutron diffraction. This study demonstrates successful measurement of high-quality neutron diffraction patterns of H2VOPO4 powders using a low-background and high-resolution time-of-flight neutron diffractometer. Rietveld refinement identifies hydrogen coordinates, occupancy, and thermal parameters in the H2VOPO4 lattice. The results highlight the unique capability of neutron diffraction for structure characterization of hydrogen-containing materials, potentially without the need for costly and possibly artifact-inducing deuteration.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zachary N. Buck, Matthew J. Connolly, May L. Martin, Damian Lauria, Jason P. Killgore, Peter E. Bradley, Yan Chen, Ke An, Andrew J. Slifka
Summary: Interrupted tensile tests were performed on an AISI 4130 pressure vessel steel, and the results were investigated using neutron diffraction and scanning microscopy techniques. The study revealed an increase in dislocation densities and a strain-induced phase transformation beyond the ultimate tensile strength. Additionally, the characterization of microstructure and phase fractions using EBSD and SKPFM demonstrated the utility of SKPFM in distinguishing metallic phases with similar crystal structures.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin He, Jue Wu, Zhuoying Zhu, Haodong Liu, Ning Li, Dong Zhou, Xu Hou, Jun Wang, Haowei Zhang, Dominic Bresser, Yanbao Fu, Matthew J. Crafton, Bryan D. McCloskey, Yan Chen, Ke An, Ping Liu, Anubhav Jain, Jie Li, Wanli Yang, Yong Yang, Martin Winter, Robert Kostecki
Summary: This study provides a comparative study of transition metals and oxygen redox activities in Li-rich materials operated at different current rates. It reveals a reaction gradient of lattice oxygen redox reactions and a dynamic compatibility between the oxidation processes of lattice oxygen and transition metals. The study also proposes a detailed mechanism of structural distortion and the role of oxygen vacancies in Li+ diffusion.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
