Article
Energy & Fuels
Jaewon Choi, Taeil Yi, Hyemin Kim
Summary: In this study, combustion of carbon black/ethanol nanofuel droplet was conducted at elevated temperature and pressure. Different stages of droplet combustion process were observed, including droplet heating, classical combustion, and carbon black combustion. Increase in ambient pressure led to delayed ignition and higher burning rate. Rise of carbon black concentration did not significantly affect ignition delay, but increased burning rate, especially under high pressure conditions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhongqiu Li, Chen Fu, Yi Gao, Xi Xia, Wenhao Yuan, Dehao Ju, Fei Qi
Summary: Nanofuels are a promising alternative fuel that suspends energetic nanomaterials in liquid media, significantly reducing fossil fuel demand and pollutant emissions. This study experimentally investigated the spray and combustion characteristics of boron/ethanol nanofuels, exploring the effects of boron particle size and doping concentration on suspension quality and behavior.
Review
Thermodynamics
M. Moorthi, A. Murugesan, Avinash Alagumalai
Summary: This study discusses converting non-edible oils into diesel engine fuel, reviews methods of preparing nanoparticles and their effects when doped with biodiesel-diesel blends on engine performance, combustion parameters, and emission characteristics. The review indicates that nanoparticles improve engine performance and reduce emissions, making them an eco-friendly fuel technology for diesel engines.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lucian Miron, Radu Chiriac, Marek Brabec, Viorel Badescu
Summary: Ignition delay is crucial in characterizing combustion process in Diesel engines, depending on fuel structure, engine conditions, and influence on performance. Biofuels like biodiesel B7 and B20 are of interest due to depletion of petroleum resources, with studies comparing their ignition delay to improve combustion control.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
M. S. Gad, A. S. El-Shafay, H. M. Abu Hashish
Summary: The study investigates the use of non-edible oils as alternative fuels, with the screw press extraction method showing higher oil yield and improved properties. Blending biodiesel with diesel oil at different ratios resulted in varying effects on engine performance and emissions.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaoyu Cong, Changwei Ji, Shuofeng Wang
Summary: The study found that blending DME can extend flame development and propagation periods, increase power output of the neat hydrogen engine, and reduce nitrogen oxides emissions. However, blending DME may increase cyclic variation due to weakened flame kernel and propagation process, but emissions can be controlled by adjusting the DME fraction.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhirong Liang, Zhenhong Yu, Haoye Liu, Longfei Chen, Xinyan Huang
Summary: This study analyzed the combustion and emission characteristics of an aviation compression ignition engine burning different fuels and found that blending pentanol with FT fuel can significantly reduce nitrogen oxides and particulate matter emissions while increasing thermal efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Saket Sahu, Parmod Kumar, Atul Dhar
Summary: The effect of start of injection (SOI) on the engine characteristics of a methanol-fueled direct injection spark ignition (DISI) engine is numerically studied in this paper. The simulations were performed using CONVERGE CFD software on a wall-guided, four-stroke gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. It is observed that there exists an optimum injection timing for a given spark timing at which the best compromise is obtained between the performance and emissions. A maximum indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of 41.66% is obtained in the case of -115 degrees CA ATDC SOI. Emissions like formaldehyde and soot are also found to be the lowest in this case. Engine's ITE is 36% higher for methanol fuel than gasoline when simulated by supplying the same energy input, keeping all the other parameters the same. The total hydrocarbon (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), and soot emissions are 58.2%, 68%, and 73.9% lower for optimized methanol injection timing as compared to gasoline. The NOX emissions are found to be higher for methanol than gasoline due to higher in-cylinder temperature in the case of methanol engine, which is due to higher heat release and proper combustion than gasoline.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. H. Eldakamawy, M. Picard
Summary: Investigation of hydrogen-air combustion characteristics for low-pressure-ratio split-cycle engines is performed for the first time. Ignition delay and combustion duration data are presented for low initial pressures below 5 bars and temperatures from ambient level till 550 degrees C. The influence of temperature, pressure, and equivalence ratio on ignition delay and combustion duration is analyzed. The results provide important insights for the design and operation of low-pressure-ratio split-cycle engines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhenghui Wang, Jian Chen, Yueyang Yu, Depeng Kong
Summary: This study investigates the ignition and burning characteristics of different liquid fuels (including light crude oil, transformer oil, and corn oil) on hot surfaces, including ignition probability, ignition delay time, burning behavior, and flame height. It develops a mathematical model to explain the variation of ignition delay time with hot surface temperature. The research is crucial for improving industrial process safety management in the production, storage, transportation, and utilization of liquid fuels.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Umit Agbulut, Suat Saridemir, Upendra Rajak, Fikret Polat, Asif Afzal, Tikendra Nath Verma
Summary: The addition of CuO nanoparticles to diesel fuel can improve combustion efficiency, reduce emissions, increase fuel heating value, decrease fuel consumption, and enhance thermal efficiency. CuO additives lead to lower CO, HC, and NOx emissions, along with improved combustion characteristics and engine performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hiresh Bundele, Caneon Kurien, Penmatsa Sandeep Varma, Mayank Mittal
Summary: The study investigates the influence of hydrogen enrichment on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a biogas-fueled engine. The results indicate that increasing the hydrogen share improves combustion characteristics and reduces hydrocarbon emissions, but increases NOx emissions. The engine performs best with a 20% hydrogen share.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fikret Polat, Murat Kadir Yesilyurt, Umit Agbulut, Mustafa Karagoz, Suat Saridemir
Summary: This study investigated the effects of boron nanoparticles and biogas flow rates on the engine performance and emissions of a diesel engine. The results showed that the addition of boron nanoparticles and biogas both reduced the exhaust gas temperature compared to conventional diesel fuel. CO, NOx, and HC emissions decreased with the addition of nanoparticles, but increased with the increase of biogas flow rates. The brake specific fuel consumption decreased with the addition of boron nanoparticles, but increased with the increase of biogas flow rates. The brake thermal efficiency increased with the addition of boron nanoparticles, but decreased with the increase of biogas flow rates. The introduction of biogas worsened the engine characteristics, but the presence of boron nitride nanoparticles improved them.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mortadha K. Mohammed, Hyder H. Balla, Zaid Maan H. Al-Dulaimi, Zaid S. Kareem, Mudhaffar S. Al-Zuhairy
Summary: The negative effects of traditional engine fuels on climate change have led to a high level of competition in finding alternative fuels that are more environmentally friendly. Alcohol fuels, particularly ethanol, have been found to be practical for blending with traditional engine fuels like gasoline. Research has shown that blending ethanol with gasoline can increase power, efficiency, and reduce harmful exhaust gases. However, ethanol may have a negative impact on volumetric efficiency, while also improving power and efficiency as its concentration increases.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ahmad O. Hasan, Ahmed I. Osman, Ala'a H. Al-Muhtaseb, Hani Al-Rawashdeh, Ahmad Abu-jrai, Riad Ahmad, Mohamed R. Gomaa, Tanmay J. Deka, David W. Rooney
Summary: The study found that blended methanol can reduce HC and CO emissions in tailpipe, but increase NOx emissions; smoke emissions significantly decrease as the percentage of methanol in blends increases. Pure diesel showed higher brake thermal efficiency and lower fuel consumption at all engine loads.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.