Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Bilal Sungur, Cem Basar
Summary: This study investigates the impact of burner pot design on the thermal performance and emissions of pellet stoves by changing the supply airflow position at different excess air ratios and thermal power inputs. The results show that, under different excess air conditions, the 75 mm supply airflow distance performs the worst at 6 kW, while the 30 mm and 60 mm distances perform better at 9 kW. At 12 kW, the highest efficiency of 80.80-89.48% is achieved with a 30 mm supply airflow distance. The highest CO emissions occur at a supply airflow distance of 15 mm and a lambda value of 1.7, reaching a value of 2982 ppm. Therefore, optimal conditions for stove use include a thermal power range of 6-9 kW, excess air ratios of 1.7-2.2, and a 30 mm supply airflow distance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ksenia Vershinina, Pavel Strizhak, Vadim Dorokhov, Daniil Romanov
Summary: This study discusses the lab-scale combustion results of complex waste-derived fuel mixtures in different forms, highlighting that low-moisture mixtures based on municipal solid waste are the most effective in increasing the rate of oxidation reaction and reducing the temperature threshold.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Sebastian Paczkowski, Rodrigo Labbe, Christian Sauer, Anja Anetzberger, Michael Russ, Marius Woehler, Dirk Jaeger, Stefan Pelz
Summary: The study investigated a new production concept in pellet production, focusing on improving pellet quality and reducing energy consumption through wet sieving and selective drying. The economic benefit was found to be high for medium and large scale production, with transport parameters and thermal efficiency playing key roles in determining the feasibility of the concept.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Grzegorz Pelka, Marta Jach-Nocon, Marcin Paprocki, Artur Jachimowski, Wojciech Lubon, Adam Nocon, Mateusz Wygoda, Pawel Wyczesany, Przemyslaw Pachytel, Tomasz Mirowski
Summary: Wood pellets serve as an important fuel in renewable energy, and there is a demand for more efficient and environmentally friendly combustion sources. This study compares the emissions and efficiency of two different pellet burners burning certified A1 wood pellets.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Robert Mack, Claudia Schoen, Daniel Kuptz, Hans Hartmann, Thomas Brunner, Ingwald Obernberger, Hans Martin Behr
Summary: In Germany, high-quality wood pellets are required for small-scale furnaces. This study explores the impact of pellet length, fines content, and moisture content on emissions from pellet stoves and pellet boilers.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Nattawut Setkit, Xian Li, Hong Yao, Nakorn Worasuwannarak
Summary: The study revealed significant differences in torrefaction behavior between hot-pressed pellets (HP) and Raw or cold-pressed pellets (CP), with HP showing higher mass and energy yields after torrefaction. Gas formation analysis indicated that HP torrefaction accelerated dehydration and deoxygenation reactions, producing a large amount of H2O and CO2.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hasan D. Yildizay, Ahmet Esiyok
Summary: The study investigates the experimental use of pellet and coal fuels in manually loaded stoves, comparing stove efficiency and emission values under three different combustion conditions according to the BS EN 13240 standard. Results show that the incomplete combustion of volatile substances in pellet fuel leads to decreased stove efficiency, although the presence of less particulate matter under the bed in ash during pellet burning slightly increases efficiency.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
G. Gianfelice, P. Canu
Summary: This study explores the chemical and physical processes within a single wood pellet to improve the design of wood pellet stoves and boilers, revealing that the conversion rate is controlled by heat conduction and is linearly proportional to the surrounding temperature. It also found that at higher combustion temperatures, the char yield decreases and useful heat must be extracted from volatiles combustion.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Robert Mack, Claudia Schoen, Daniel Kuptz, Hans Hartmann, Thomas Brunner, Ingwald Obernberger, Hans Martin Behr
Summary: Wood pellets on the German market vary in their physical and chemical properties due to the use of different wood species and additives during production. This study found that different wood species and levels of additives had a significant impact on emissions during combustion in stoves and boilers. Kaolin, when added at the right level, reduced emissions and slag formation. However, overdosing kaolin had negative effects on emissions and particle formation. This highlights the need for improvements in fuel design and stove technology.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Manish Kumar, Srinibas Karmakar, Cheng Tung Chong
Summary: The scientific community is currently researching new alternative fuels to meet the growing energy demand for domestic energy security, fuel supply diversity, and long-term fuel cost reduction. Alcohol-based fuels and acetone-butanol-ethanol mixture are potential candidates for clean combustion to drive gas turbine engines. However, suitable alternatives for micro gas turbine fuels are still in early stages of development.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Seyed Morteza Mousavi, Hesameddin Fatehi, Xue-Song Bai
Summary: This paper presents a numerical study on flow, reactions, and NOx emissions from a biomass boiler, utilizing detailed reaction mechanisms and CFD simulations. The study identifies different pathways for NOx formation and evaluates the performance of the Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR) method, showing a reduction of up to 63% in NOx emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mads Carsten Jespersen, Thomas Osterby Holst Rasmussen, Anders Ivarsson
Summary: This study investigates the lean-burn characteristics of ammonia in a pre-mixed SI engine and the influence of spark energy and discharge characteristics on engine performance and emissions. The results show that by optimizing the spark ignition system, the need for an ignition improver can be mitigated. The emissions of unburned ammonia and NOx are kept at low levels, and the balance between NH3 and NOx emissions is achieved by advancing the ignition timing.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dennis Krueger, Ozge Cepeliogullar Mutlu
Summary: In this study, a small-scale biomass burner using TLUD technology with automatic process control was developed for process heat generation. The emissions were found to be below official limits, indicating potential for further development.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bartosz Choinski, Ewa Szatylowicz, Izabela Zglobicka, Magdalena Joka Ylidiz
Summary: The emission of pollutants into the atmosphere is closely related to human activity and health. Among many factors, domestic heating systems have a significant impact on the emission rate. Measures to reduce harmful compound emissions have shown positive effects, leading to a downward trend in emissions of gases such as CO, NOx, and SO2. Tests on different types of pellets available on the European market revealed that pellets certificated with ENPlus A1 did not meet the requirements, leading to increased CO emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Huina Guo, Lele Feng, Yuxin Wu, Yang Zhang
Summary: Understanding the combustion characteristics of biomass particles in a turbulent gas environment is crucial for biomass conversion facilities design and operation. Experimental study shows that increasing turbulence intensity accelerates the heating rate and significantly shortens the burnout time of biomass particles. The volatile flame area fluctuates with turbulent intensity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Driss Laraqui, Gontrand Leyssens, Cornelius Schonnenbeck, Olivier Allgaier, Ricardo Lomba, Clement Dumand, Jean-Francois Brilhac
Article
Energy & Fuels
Gwenaelle Trouve, Alain Brillard, Pavel Maryandyshev, Damaris Kehrli, Marat Eseev, Viktor Lyubov, Jean-Francois Brilhac
Summary: Torrefaction of hydrolysis lignin samples at different isothermal temperatures and residence times resulted in increased carbon content, higher heating values, and elevated potassium percentage in the torrefied samples. The structural changes in the material became chaotic with increasing isothermal temperature and residence time.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Theophile Vitoussia, Gontrand Leyssens, Gwenaelle Trouve, Alain Brillard, Alexis Kemajou, Ebenezer Njeugna, Jean-Francois Brilhac
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
A. Bounaceur, L. P. Gautherot, V. Tschamber, G. Trouve, C. Schoennenbeck, A. I. Kangash, P. A. Maryandyshev
SOLID FUEL CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
G. Trouve, C. Ngo, W. Almouallem, C. Joyeux, S. Dorge, J. Michel, D. Le Nouen
Summary: A liquid/liquid extraction method coupled with GC/MS analysis was optimized to quantify 27 polycyclic aromatic compounds in groundwater from contaminated sites. The method includes two main steps: liquid/liquid extraction with dichloromethane followed by a concentration procedure, and injection for separation and quantification in a gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer. The introduction of deuterated standards allows for control of each step and estimation of recoveries during the extraction process, leading to very good quantification limits.
POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Guillaume Moser, Cornelius Schonnenbeck, Valerie Tschamber, Alain Brillard, Jean-Francois Brilhac
Summary: This study investigated the use of magnesium powder as a metal fuel for energy production through slow oxidation. Experimental results showed that particle size has an influence on the oxidation process, and a three-step kinetic model involving heat transfers was proposed to describe the slow oxidation of magnesium.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Theophile Vitoussia, Alain Brillard, Justin Bertsch, Olivier Allgaier, Gontrand Leyssens, Cornelius Schoennenbeck, Ebenezer Njeugna, Jean-Francois Brilhac
Summary: In Sub-Saharan countries, an improved pellet cookstove was designed to improve cooking behavior and reduce deforestation. Tests showed low pollutant emissions and high efficiency of the cookstove, making it a promising solution for sustainable cooking in the region.
SN APPLIED SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nada Baraket, Benoit Brandelet, Gwenaelle Trouve, Yann Rogaume
Summary: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature on the behavior of PCDD/Fs stored in biomass ashes from a wood boiler. The results from the different experiments showed significant differences in the PCDD/Fs content.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Adeline Andrieu, Olivier Allgaier, Gontrand Leyssens, Cornelius Schonnenbeck, Jean-Francois Brilhac
Summary: This study analyzes the amount of NOx emissions produced during the combustion of magnesium fuel and finds that the emissions follow a bell-shaped curve in relation to the air-fuel ratio. Based on the experimental results, a comprehensive scheme for NOx formation is proposed, consisting of four successive steps.
Article
Mechanics
Tomasz Wronski, Cornelius Schonnenbeck, Nabila Zouaoui-Mahzoul, Alain Brillard, Jean-Francois Brilhac
Summary: The study focuses on modelling a cold and swirling airflow in a magnesium burner, and the existence of a significant recirculation zone in the burner is confirmed. The correct simulation of the cold flow and the creation of a recirculation zone are crucial in accurately predicting the high flame temperature and the turbulent mixture of solid fuel and products. Experimental measurements validate the simulation results, with the standard k-epsilon model proving to accurately predict velocity profiles in low swirl cases and the RSM model proving to accurately predict the position, size, and shape of the central recirculation zone in high swirl cases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MECHANICS B-FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
W. Almouallem, J. Michel, S. Dorge, C. Joyeux, G. Trouve, D. Le Nouen
Summary: This study evaluated the sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives in soils, finding that the sorption of O-PAHs to soil-water interface is low, which may result in larger groundwater contamination.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Adeline Andrieu, Olivier Allgaier, Gontrand Leyssens, Cornelius Schonnenbeck, Jean-Francois Brilhac, Alain Brillard, Valerie Tschamber
Summary: Due to global warming, new sources of clean energy with reduced greenhouse gas emissions must be considered. Among these alternatives, metal fuels like aluminum or magnesium show promise. In this study, the focus is on the effects of air dilution by N2 and equivalence ratio on the production of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by a swirled-stabilized magnesium flame. Results show that the amount of NOx increases with increasing air-fuel ratio, but decreases with higher levels of dilution. The emissions of NOx become negligible at a 50% dilution and an equivalence ratio of 1.
Article
Crystallography
Gwenaelle Trouve, Laure Michelin, Damaris Kehrli, Ludovic Josien, Severinne Rigolet, Benedicte Lebeau, Reto Giere
Summary: Calcium oxalate phytoliths are a common form of Ca speciation in plants and store a significant amount of carbon. The study investigated the composition of phytoliths in different parts of grapevines using various analytical techniques. The thermal treatment of biomass samples at 250°C increased the amount of Ca phytoliths but also affected the appearance of Ca oxalate crystals.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
M. Zgheib, G. Quaranta, V. Tschamber, G. Trouve
Summary: The study aims to assess and compare the environmental and health effects of the wood energy sector at domestic and regional scales. The combustion stage of pellets contributes 67% to the total impact. At the regional scale, old appliances mainly enhance all impacts. Public policies should continue to promote the replacement of old household appliances.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Christoph Maschowski, Peter Kruspan, Ali Talib Arif, Patxi Garra, Gwenaelle Trouve, Reto Giere
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.