Journal
FUEL
Volume 104, Issue -, Pages 433-442Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.08.015
Keywords
Biodiesel; Ethanolysis; Fatty acid ethyl esters; Full factorial design; Optimization
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Serbia [III 45001]
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In the present work, the sodium hydroxide-catalyzed synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from sunflower oil and ethanol was optimized using a 3(3) full factorial design of experiments with two replications and the response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of temperature, ethanol-to-oil molar ratio and catalyst loading on the FAEE were studied. The ANOVA results shows that at the 95% confidence level all three factors and the 2-way interactions of reaction temperature with ethanol-to-oil molar ratio and catalyst loading significantly affect the FAEE formation. A second-order polynomial equation is developed to relate the FAEE purity and the operational variables (temperature, ethanol-to-oil molar ratio and catalyst loading). The fitted model shows a good agreement between predicted and actual FAEE purities (R-2 = 0.937; mean relative percentage deviation +/- 1%), demonstrating the validity of the regression analysis in the process optimization. The optimal process conditions were: ethanol-to-oil molar ratio of 12:1, reaction temperature of 75 degrees C and catalysts loading of 1.25%. The RSM is proved to be suitable method for optimizing the operating conditions in order to maximize the FAEE purity. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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