Journal
FUEL
Volume 98, Issue -, Pages 194-202Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2012.04.009
Keywords
Biodiesel; Glycerol; Heterogeneous process; Solid catalyst; Coral fragment
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Funding
- Thailand Research Fund [IUG5180010]
- Strategic Scholarships for Frontier Research Network for Research Groups [CHE-RES-RG50]
- Office of the Higher Education Commission, Thailand
- Thailand Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (TGIST)
- Center for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC)
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We present an environmentally friendly, efficient, simple heterogeneous transesterification process combining palm oil, soybean oil, rice bran oil, and waste cooking oil with methanol to make a biodiesel and glycerol by-product using calcined waste coral fragments in solid form as a catalyst. Under optimum reaction conditions, the coral fragments calcined at 700 degrees C for 1 h; catalyst/oil ratio of 100 wt.%; methanol/oil molar ratio of 15:1; reaction temperature of 65 degrees C with a constant stirring are able to transesterify oils to a biodiesel product with a FAME yield over 98% in 2 h. The catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture by pouring off the reaction solution and can be reused several times with consistent results. Biodiesel and glycerol products without any treatment and cleansing show a high quality product in which fuel properties of the biodiesel meet all EN 14214 standards for bio-auto fuels. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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