Article
Energy & Fuels
Karan J. Bhansali, Kamlesh R. Balinge, Subodh U. Raut, Shubham A. Deshmukh, M. Senthil Kumar, C. Ramesh Kumar, Pundlik R. Bhagat
Summary: A novel sulfonic acid-functionalized porphyrin containing benzimidazolium moiety (SAFPBM) displayed remarkable photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation, facilitating the conversion of castor oil to biodiesel component with good recyclability. The formation mechanism of methyl ricinoleate and its hydrogenation product were confirmed through various analytical techniques.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zarifah Zailan, Muhammad Tahir, Mazura Jusoh, Zaki Yamani Zakaria
Summary: Biodiesel, a renewable alternative fuel, is produced through transesterification and esterification reactions, expedited by high activity and high selectivity heterogeneous catalysts such as sulfonated carbon acid catalyst. This environmentally benign catalyst has the potential to effectively convert free fatty acid to alkyl ester, making it increasingly attractive in the biodiesel manufacturing industry.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Xiang Tan, Putla Sudarsanam, Jinyu Tan, Anping Wang, Heng Zhang, Hu Li, Song Yang
Summary: The development of social productive forces leads to the increasing consumption of fossil fuels, resulting in global warming and abnormal climate change. Biodiesel, produced using solid acid catalysts, is recognized as a renewable and clean energy source.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
En-Chin Su, Jing-Ning Hsu, Yi-Chen Lin, Hui-Hsin Tseng
Summary: A bifunctional catalyst, Na2O2/SBA-16-SO3H, was successfully developed for the conversion of waste cooking oil (WCO) to biodiesel. The catalyst showed significantly improved conversion efficiency by simultaneously accelerating transesterification and esterification reactions. Adjusting the methanol/WCO molar ratio and free fatty acid content further enhanced the catalyst activity and reduced reaction time.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mantian Li, Ping Lu, Changshen Ye, Jie Chen, Ting Qiu
Summary: To address the limitations of mass transfer and poor affinity between catalysts and feedstock oils in the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production, researchers synthesized a series of amphiphilic heteropolyacid-based sulfonic acid-functionalised ionic liquids (AHPA-SFILs). The AHPA-SFILs showed excellent catalytic performance by dissolving in the reaction medium and could be easily recovered. Under optimized conditions, [C16N-PS]-HPMo-1 AHPA-SFILs achieved a high yield of biodiesel, indicating promising application potential.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Vinayak Hegde, Parimal Pandit, Pranita Rananaware, Varsha P. Brahmkhatri
Summary: Sulfonic acid functionalized mesoporous silica catalysts with different morphology were designed and characterized. The cube-shaped catalyst exhibited better catalytic activity compared to the spherical-shaped catalysts, and it also showed good regenerability.
FRONTIERS OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Maria B. Martini, Jose L. Fernandez, Claudia G. Adam
Summary: This research demonstrates the relationship between the amount of free sulfuric acid and the activity of sulfonic-acid-functionalized ionic liquids as acid catalysts for transesterification reactions. The addition of sulfonic acid groups significantly enhances the catalytic activity of the ionic liquids. These sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquids act as reservoirs for releasing free acid during the reaction, serving as the actual acid catalyst. The non-sulfonic ILs, on the other hand, show lower catalytic activities at room temperature due to their limited free acid content, which can be improved by raising the reaction temperature.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bishwajit Changmai, Andrew E. H. Wheatley, Ruma Rano, Gopinath Halder, Manickam Selvaraj, Umer Rashid, Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum
Summary: A robust and magnetically recoverable Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H core@shell nanoparticulate acid catalyst was successfully synthesized for the transesterification and esterification of triglycerides and free fatty acids. The catalyst showed high conversion rate, low activation energy, excellent chemical and thermal stability, and reusability. The study demonstrated the potential of the catalyst for biodiesel production.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Qingqing Zhang, Chaoyue Zhang, Qingyin Wu, Jingyu Liu, Daiyu Song, Yihang Guo
Summary: The solid acid-catalyzed biodiesel production from inedible oils using sulfonic acid functionalized ethyl-bridged organosilica nanotubes demonstrates higher catalytic activity compared to conventional acidic resins and zeolites. The inner diameters and lengths of the nanotubes significantly affect the catalytic activity, while also showing excellent reusability attributed to covalent bonding and surface hydrophobicity.
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Sajad Tamjidi, Hossein Esmaeili, Bahareh Kamyab Moghadas
Summary: The challenge of replacing fossil fuels with new energy sources is being addressed by exploring biodiesel as an alternative, although its relatively high cost compared to conventional diesel remains an issue. The use of magnetic catalysts shows promise in reducing production costs and promoting the large-scale synthesis of biodiesel.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Pingbo Zhang, Peng Liu, Mingming Fan, Pingping Jiang, Agus Haryono
Summary: Magnetic mesoporous solid acid catalysts, modified by two different methods, exhibited ordered mesoporous structure and excellent paramagnetic properties, leading to high catalytic activity in the transesterification of palm oil with methanol for biodiesel production. Particularly, the catalyst prepared by the grafting method showed excellent reusability with over 80% biodiesel yield after 6 cycles, demonstrating promising industrial application prospects.
Article
Thermodynamics
Yu Shen, Qi Zhang, Xiaolong Sun, Yingshi Zhang, Qilin Cai, Weifeng Deng, Shuhui Rao, Xi Wu, Qing Ye
Summary: A microalgae carbon based magnetic solid acid catalyst (MCMSA) was prepared using microalgal residue after lipids extraction as carbon source through magnetization, carbonization and sulfonation. The optimized MCMSA exhibited high specific surface area (124.70 m2/g), high acidity (3.64 mmol/g) and high magnetism (1.042 emu/g). It showed good thermal stability and high conversion efficiency (98.51%) in the microwave-assisted catalytic transesterification, making it a promising catalyst for microalgae biodiesel production.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Amal A. AlKahlaway, Mohamed A. Betiha, Delvin Aman, Abdelrahman M. Rabie
Summary: A highly efficient Lewis acidic catalyst Fe-2(MoO4)(3) was successfully prepared for esterification of oleic acid with ethanol, showing good catalytic activity for biodiesel production. The kinetic study revealed first-order kinetics with low activation energy, while thermodynamic analysis indicated an endothermic reaction.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fahimeh Esmi, Tahereh Nematian, Zeinab Salehi, Abbas Ali Khodadadi, Ajay K. Dalai
Summary: Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) was synthesized from olive oil using Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL) immobilized on mesoporous silica magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The immobilized lipase showed increased enzyme loading efficiency and led to a higher biodiesel production compared to other nanobiocatalysts, making it a suitable nanomaterial for ROL immobilization. The physico-chemical properties of the MNPs were characterized and correlated with their activities for biodiesel synthesis.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gicheon Lee, Chanmin Lee, Hyungjin Kim, Yukwon Jeon, Yong-Gun Shul, Jinwon Park
Summary: A composite nanoparticle with an acid-base bifunctional structure has been developed for the transesterification of rapeseed oil, showing improved fatty acid methyl ester conversions compared to pure nanoparticles. The optimal catalyst with a triazole:PWA ratio of 6:1 exhibited the best performance due to its large surface area, balanced acidity, and strong basicity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.