Article
Chemistry, Applied
Erika C. G. Aguieiras, Kevin Enrick A. de Abreu, Renata A. Oliveira, Joao M. A. R. Almeida, Denise M. G. Freire
Summary: Distillers corn oil (DCO) was enzymatically converted into fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) in this study. Strategies such as ethanol stepwise addition, consecutive reactions, and mixture of enzymes were evaluated to improve the ester content. The concept of combi-lipases was also evaluated for the first time. The use of DCO enables the integration of corn ethanol and biodiesel production, which is of logistic, environmental, and economic relevance.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Anupam Singha Roy, Aby Cheruvathoor Poulose, Aristides Bakandritsos, Rajender S. Varma, Michal Otyepka
Summary: 2D carbon materials like graphene derivatives have been explored as catalysts for biodiesel production due to their exceptional properties, but challenges such as irreversible agglomeration, low bulk density, and poor dispersibility in organic solvents limit their applications as catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts support.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
C. Abreu-Jauregui, H. E. Reynel-Avila, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet
Summary: This study compared thermal-and solvent-based liquid extraction processes for extracting lipids from sewage scum of dairy effluents and converting them into biodiesel. The results showed that solvent-based extraction outperformed the thermal-based extraction method, achieving a lipid recovery of 71.9% using ethyl butyrate at 50 degrees C for 1 h. The best reaction conditions for obtaining biodiesel from the extracted lipids were identified using experimental design and esterification/transesterification of scum lipids was found to be the best alternative with 94% FAME formation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gyorgy Keglevich, Nikoletta Harsagi, Laszlo Drahos, Nora Zsuzsa Kiss
Summary: Monoalkyl phosphonic derivatives were synthesized by the microwave- and ionic liquid-promoted direct esterification of alkylphosphonic acids. These derivatives were then converted to dialkyl alkylphosphonates using alkyl halides in the presence of triethylamine under solvent-free microwave-assisted conditions. The study also identified a minor disproportionation side reaction and synthesized derivatives with different alkoxy groups.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Francisco Thalysson Tavares Cavalcante, Francisco Simao Neto, Italo Rafael de Aguiar Falca, Jose Erick da Silva Souza, Lourembergue Saraiva de Moura Junior, Patrick da Silva Sousa, Thales Guimaraes Rocha, Isamayra Germano de Sousa, Pedro Henrique de Lima Gomes, Maria Cristiane Martins de Souza, Jose C. S. dos Santos
Summary: This article discusses the key issues in enzyme-catalyzed biodiesel production, including addressing challenges in the production process and improving efficiency. This includes using lipases as substitutes for chemical catalysts and solving these problems by using low-cost raw materials, new supports, and optimized design.
Article
Polymer Science
Taketo Isogai, Mikihiro Hayashi
Summary: This study designs a model-like vitrimer network and operates bond exchange through transesterification with internal amine catalysts. Important insights into the dominant terms of the Arrhenius dependence of relaxation properties are provided based on this simple design.
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Shamala Gowri Krishnan, Fei-ling Pua, Fan Zhang
Summary: Biodiesel, produced through transesterification or esterification reactions, has the potential to replace fossil fuels. However, challenges with commercial homogeneous catalysts include difficulties in separation, wastewater discharge, and formation of undesirable by-products. The use of heterogeneous magnetic catalysts has gained attention due to their simpler separation and higher recovery rates. Further research is needed to utilize waste materials as support for the synthesis of these catalysts to create a more sustainable biodiesel industry.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ana Carolina Vieira, Ana Barbara Moulin Cansian, Jose Renato Guimaraes, Angelica Marquettotti Salcedo Vieira, Roberto Fernandez-Lafuente, Paulo Waldir Tardioli
Summary: The liquid Eversa performed well in hydrolysis and esterification/transesterification reactions of soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD), effectively increasing the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) from SODD and improving ester content to around 90 wt.% through caustic treatment.
Article
Microbiology
Jingrong Zhao, Youqiang Xu, Hongyun Lu, Dong Zhao, Jia Zheng, Mengwei Lin, Xin Liang, Ze Ding, Wenqi Dong, Maochen Yang, Weiwei Li, Chengnan Zhang, Baoguo Sun, Xiuting Li
Summary: This study analyzed the catalytic mechanism of LIP05 enzyme through protein structure modeling and mutation experiments. The key catalytic sites of LIP05 were identified, including the conserved catalytic triad and the oxyanion hole composed of Gly73 and Thr74. It was found that Tyr116 and Ile204 determined the substrate spectrum and residues Leu83, Ile204, Ile211, and Leu216 formed the hydrophobic substrate-binding pocket. This research provides insights into the synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters during the fermentation process of strong-flavor Baijiu.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Maria Ameen, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Mamoona Munir, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Shazia Sultana, Rozina, Samah Elsayed El-Khatib, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, M. A. Kalam
Summary: Environmental pollution caused by conventional petro-diesel can be mitigated by using biodiesel, which is eco-friendly, renewable, and economically viable. This paper reviews the selection of feedstock and catalysts for biodiesel synthesis, as well as the optimization of reaction parameters and catalyst preparation. The importance of developing incentive structures and using specific potential catalysts for the sustainable production of eco-green biodiesel is also emphasized.
Review
Thermodynamics
Xiaoling Ma, Fengsheng Liu, Yaxin Helian, Chaorui Li, Zhongjie Wu, Hui Li, Huijun Chu, Yongbo Wang, Yangyang Wang, Wanpeng Lu, Min Guo, Mingzhi Yu, Shoujun Zhou
Summary: Biodiesel is a green and renewable energy source, and the use of heterogeneous catalysts like metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in its production process is gaining attention due to the difficulties of recovery and reuse associated with traditional homogeneous catalysts. The unique structure and advantages of MOFs make them a promising candidate for catalyzing biodiesel production.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Flavio A. de Freitas, Igor R. S. Mendonca, Silma de S. Barros, Wanison G. A. Pessoa Jr, Ingrity S. C. Sa, Larissa B. Gato, Edson P. Silva, Marco A. S. Farias, Francisco X. Nobre, Paulo J. S. Maia, Stefan Iglauer, Kaori K. Y. Isla
Summary: This study aimed to utilize the electrolytic paste of spent AA batteries as a catalyst for biodiesel production. The heat-treated electrolytic paste showed higher catalytic activity and achieved good conversion rates in esterification reactions. The results suggest that the utilization of waste batteries can be a potentially efficient and eco-friendly method for biodiesel production.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohit Sharma, Roberto Aguado, Dina Murtinho, Artur J. M. Valente, Paulo J. T. Ferreira
Summary: The transesterification of starch with methyl betainate was studied, showing promising results for the synthesis of cationic starches with high conversion rates under various conditions. The cationic starch esters were characterized by various analytical techniques, demonstrating potential as an alternative to conventional ethers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Swetha Sudhakaran, S. M. A. Hakim Siddiki, Boonyarach Kitiyanan, Kotohiro Nomura
Summary: Transesterification of ethyl 10-undecenoate with cyclohexanemethanol over a prebaked CaO catalyst can selectively produce undec-10-enoate, showing potential for converting plant oils into various fine chemicals. Additionally, efficient depolymerization of aliphatic polyesters can be achieved through transesterification with ethanol and cyclohexanemethanol, highlighting the reusability of the CaO catalyst.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Andra Lovasz, Nicu Cornel Sabau, Ioana Borza, Radu Brejea
Summary: This study aims to investigate the effects of different doses of complex fertilizers on the production of rapeseeds and oil, compare the quality parameters of refined rapeseed oil and fatty acids, and analyze the quality of biodiesel obtained from them. The results show that the use of large amounts of complex fertilizers can increase the yields of rapeseeds and oil. Although the quality of biodiesel is superior to fatty acids, its production is limited due to the nutritional importance of refined rapeseed oil.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.