Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seong J. An, Jyotidarsini Mohanty, Francisco Tome, Yoshihisa Suzuki, Irit Lax, Joseph Schlessinger
Summary: This study reveals that heparin or HSPG plays an important role in FGF21 signaling by binding to FGFR1c and facilitating FGF21-induced activation of FGFR1c.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Teresa Peluso, Valeria Nittoli, Carla Reale, Immacolata Porreca, Filomena Russo, Luca Roberto, Antonia Giacco, Elena Silvestri, Massimo Mallardo, Mario De Felice, Concetta Ambrosino
Summary: Early life exposure to Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals (EDCs), such as the pesticide Chlorpyrifos (CPF), has been found to affect thyroid activity, glucose metabolism, and lipid metabolism. In this study, the researchers investigated the effects of CPF exposure on the metabolism and signaling of thyroid hormones (THs) and lipid/glucose metabolism in mice. They found that these processes were altered in males that were exposed to CPF, leading to hypothyroidism and systemic hyperglycemia. Additionally, the researchers discovered that CPF affected glucose metabolism and TH levels through the modulation of FOXO1 activity in liver cells. These findings highlight the importance of considering the intergenerational and sex-specific effects of CPF exposure on metabolic homeostasis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Zoran Nikolovski, Dario Vrdoljak, Nikola Foretic, Mia Peric, Dora Maric, Charalampos Fountoulakis
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effect of slow-paced breathing (SPB) on acute stress in handball coaches during official matches. The results showed that SPB training led to a decrease in salivary cortisol concentration and alpha-amylase activity, and improved heart rate changes. Therefore, SPB could be used as a tool to help coaches achieve a desirable mental state during matches.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jarmon G. Lees, Marek Napierala, Alice Pebay, Mirella Dottori, Shiang Y. Lim
Summary: Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder with cardiomyopathy being the main cause of premature death. The cardiomyopathy associated with FRDA is a complex and progressive disease without effective treatment options, involving various pathological mechanisms at the cellular level such as cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, apoptosis, and fibrosis, as well as the participation of non-myocyte cells like vascular cells and inflammatory cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Ronald J. J. Corbee, Dion L. L. van Everdingen, Hans S. S. Kooistra, Louis C. C. Penning
Summary: Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), including FGF19, FGF21, and FGF23, show potential benefits in treating diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Among them, FGF21 has shown the greatest potential by lowering blood glucose levels, improving insulin sensitivity, and inducing weight loss in animal models. This review summarizes recent (pre)clinical findings of FGF21 analogs in both animal models and humans. Additionally, possible applications of FGF21 analogs in pets with DM are discussed due to the limited information available.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Irene C. Mammarella, Sara Caviola, Serena Rossi, Elisabetta Patron, Daniela Palomba
Summary: The study examines the impact of stress levels on students' state mathematics anxiety while solving calculation problems. A computerized mathematical task was given to 165 fifth-graders in positive, negative, and control conditions. The negative condition was associated with negative emotional states, worries, and perceived lack of competence. The stress induced in the negative condition led to increased skin conductance and cardiac vagal withdrawal. The study emphasizes the importance of students' interpretation of mathematics-related experiences on their emotional, cognitive, and psychophysiological responses.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Peter D. Turney
Summary: Conway's Game of Life is a well-known cellular automaton that is considered a classic model of emergence and self-organization, and is believed to be Turing-complete and capable of simulating a universal constructor. The challenge faced is to organize a large family of semi-totalistic cellular automata to make it easier to find interesting automata and understand their relationships. Researchers have proposed different methods for organizing this large family, aiming to locate hidden gems within it.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yair Pincu, Jeanie B. Tryggestad, April M. Teague, Kevin R. Short
Summary: A high fat meal does not acutely worsen arterial stiffness and cardiac autonomic neuropathy in individuals with T1D. Adolescents with T1D show differences in blood glucose, insulin levels, and energy expenditure compared to the control group, but have similar baseline heart rate variability and postprandial changes in heart rate.
JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Gundula Roesch, Frank Zaucke, Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
Summary: Osteoarthritis is a common degenerative joint disease characterized by changes in subchondral bone. Early on, there is increased bone resorption, but as the disease progresses, bone formation increases, leading to higher bone density and sclerosis. Recent evidence suggests that the autonomic nervous system plays a role in regulating subchondral bone remodeling in osteoarthritis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Takaki Yahiro, Naoya Kataoka, Kazuhiro Nakamura
Summary: This study investigated the roles of ascending thermosensory pathways from the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) in avoidance behavior from innocuous heat and cold in male rats. The results showed that LPB-MnPO neurons mediate heat avoidance, while LPB-CeA neurons contribute to cold avoidance. Furthermore, skin cooling-induced thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue requires both LPB-MnPO and LPB-CeA neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nolwenn Adam, Sakina Mhaouty-Kodja
Summary: Phthalates have been shown to have reproductive toxic effects in male rodents, and can also impact the female rodent brain. Research indicates that exposure to phthalates may affect behaviors in female rodents, highlighting the need for further investigation to assess the potential risks to human health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Asreen Mohammadi, Nader Goodarzi
Summary: This study investigated the structure and ultrastructure of the pancreas in the common pheasant. The pancreas was composed of four lobes and emptied into the duodenum through three excretory ducts. Histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy were used to assess the exocrine and endocrine components of the pancreas.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ren Jie Phang, Rebecca H. Ritchie, Derek J. Hausenloy, Jarmon G. Lees, Shiang Y. Lim
Summary: Patients with Type 2 diabetes often suffer from a distinct cardiac condition called diabetic cardiomyopathy, which is not well understood and has limited treatment options. This review focuses on the roles of non-myocyte cells in the heart and the potential use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors as a therapy for diabetic cardiomyopathy.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anneliese J. Flatt, Elizabeth Chen, Amy J. Peleckis, Cornelia Dalton-Bakes, Huong-Lan Nguyen, Heather W. Collins, John S. Millar, Robert J. Gallop, Michael R. Rickels
Summary: This study aims to validate clinical metrics for predicting absent autonomic symptom recognition and defective glucose counterregulation in individuals with impaired awareness of hypoglycemia. The results show that Clarke score and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measures demonstrate good ability to predict absent autonomic symptom recognition, but poor ability to predict defective glucose counterregulation. Screening for impaired awareness of hypoglycemia alongside assessment of CGM data can increase specificity for identifying individuals who may benefit from intervention.
DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Giulia Corda, Barbara Noli, Barbara Manconi, Carla Brancia, Manuela Pellegrini, Fabio Naro, Alessandra Olianas, Gian-Luca Ferri, Cristina Cocco
Summary: The study showed that TLQP-21 peptide may be released from islets under hyperglycemic conditions to enhance insulin secretion. C3a-R1 was localized in approximately 50% of TLQP-labeled islet cells, while gC1q-R was detected in around 25% of the cells.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Francesca R. Luberti, Justin M. Carre
Summary: This study comprehensively reviewed the evidence on the impact of testosterone on human mating and parenting behaviors. The findings suggest that basal testosterone levels are related to mating and parenting behaviors in both men and women. Testosterone responds to reproduction-relevant cues and acute changes in testosterone levels are associated with subsequent mating and parenting behaviors. Single-dose exogenous testosterone administration may causally affect mating and parenting behaviors. However, the support for trade-off interpretations of testosterone's adaptive function is mixed, indicating that the role of testosterone in modulating human mating and parenting is complex and context-dependent.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2024)