Article
Immunology
Daniel Alvarez, Diana M. Morales-Prieto, Angela P. Cadavid
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies targeting phospholipid-binding proteins. It manifests as vascular thrombosis and pregnancy-related complications, which may have different underlying mechanisms. Vascular APS is thought to be caused by endothelial dysfunction and activation leading to thrombosis, while obstetric APS is associated with trophoblast cell dysfunction and inflammation. This review explores the role of monocytes in APS, particularly their interactions with endothelial cells and the potential effects of antiphospholipid antibodies on their function.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Qingfeng Lv, Yuan Wang, Wei Tian, Yuqiu Liu, Mengqi Gu, Xiaotong Jiang, Yanjun Cai, Ruiheng Huo, Yuchen Li, Lei Li, Xietong Wang
Summary: This study explored the potential application of hucMSC-exos in treating obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome and identified the underlying mechanism. HucMSC-exos ameliorated placental dysfunction by delivering miR-146a-5p, which suppressed TRAF6 expression and inhibited NF-kappa B signaling to reduce inflammation and apoptosis.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Eileena F. Giurini, Mary Beth Madonna, Andrew Zloza, Kajal H. Gupta
Summary: In this review, we discuss the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in cancer and their potential as a target for immunotherapy. TLRs are transmembrane receptors involved in innate immunity and can recognize molecules derived from microbes and damaged cells. Activation of TLRs can lead to either pro-tumoral effects or anti-tumoral effects, depending on the TLR and tumor type. Understanding the effects of TLR stimulation in cancer is crucial for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies against cancer.
Article
Cell Biology
Kelly Kersten, Ran You, Sophia Liang, Kevin M. Tharp, Joshua Pollack, Valerie M. Weaver, Matthew F. Krummel, Mark B. Headley
Summary: Pre-metastatic niche formation is facilitated by the uptake of tumor-derived microparticles by macrophages, leading to a rapid metabolic and phenotypic switch that reduces the motility of these cells in the early metastatic lung. This switch is characterized by enhanced mitochondrial mass and function, increased oxidative phosphorylation, and upregulation of adhesion molecules. The reprogramming event is dependent on signaling through the mTORC1 pathway and is induced specifically by the uptake of tumor-derived microparticles.
Article
Physiology
Carlos M. Rodriguez, Manuela Velasquez-Berrio, Carolina Rua, Marta Viana, Vikki M. Abrahams, Angela P. Cadavid, Angela M. Alvarez
Summary: APS is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombosis and pregnancy morbidity associated with high levels of aPL. This study investigated the impact of aPL on endothelial cells, revealing that aPL from patients with PM and vascular events induced cellular stress by affecting mitochondrial function and mTOR and autophagy pathways, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of obstetric APS.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Karsten Grote, Marina Nicolai, Uwe Schubert, Bernhard Schieffer, Christian Troidl, Klaus T. Preissner, Stefan Bauer, Silvia Fischer
Summary: The study demonstrated that self-extracellular RNA can interact with TLR2 ligands and enhance innate immune responses under pathological conditions, suggesting it as a new target for the treatment of bacterial and viral infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lei Zhang, Guangshuai Liu, Tian Xia, Xiufeng Yang, Guolei Sun, Chao Zhao, Chunzhu Xu, Honghai Zhang
Summary: The study analyzed TLR genes from the genomes and transcriptomes of 102 amphibian species to understand their evolutionary patterns. Results showed that TLR genes can be divided into seven subfamilies, with TLR4 subfamily found only in Anura. Purification selection played a leading role in amphibian TLR evolution, and different domains had different evolution rates. Positive selection patterns and single-nucleotide polymorphisms were observed in TLR genes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Daniel Alvarez, Carolina Rua, Angela P. J. Cadavid
Summary: Antiphospholipid syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, with two distinct entities recognized: vascular and obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome. The capability of serum IgG from patients with vascular thrombosis to trigger the biogenesis of endothelial cell-derived microparticles is discussed as a potential key factor in understanding the pathophysiology of the syndrome.
SEMINARS IN THROMBOSIS AND HEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhaohan Wei, Xiaoqiong Zhang, Tuying Yong, Nana Bie, Guiting Zhan, Xin Li, Qingle Liang, Jianye Li, Jingjing Yu, Gang Huang, Yuchen Yan, Zelong Zhang, Bixiang Zhang, Lu Gan, Bo Huang, Xiangliang Yang
Summary: This study demonstrates that metformin-loaded mannose-modified macrophage-derived microparticles can reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment, enhance responses to anti-PD-1 therapy, and promote infiltration of CD8(+) T cells into tumor tissues.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gyu Hwan Hyun, In Ho Cho, Yoon Young Yang, Da-Hye Jeong, Yun Pyo Kang, You-Sun Kim, Seul Ji Lee, Sung Won Kwon
Summary: This study investigates the immunological action of complex pectin by studying its interaction with Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The research shows that pectic heteropolysaccharides (HPSs) derived from terrestrial plant cell walls can bind to TLR4 and activate the immune response. The findings provide a better understanding of the interaction between complex carbohydrates and proteins.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nai Mu, Jie Li, Li Zeng, Juan You, Rong Li, Anquan Qin, Xueping Liu, Fang Yan, Zheng Zhou
Summary: This review provides an overview of plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles (PELNs) and their potential implications for human health. It summarizes the roles of PELNs in respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and other diseases. The review also investigates the potential shortcomings and challenges in current research and proposes recommendations for future research directions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin Zhi, Peipei Yang, Yunxue Xu, Zhifei Dai, Xiuli Yue, Linxue Qian
Summary: This review discusses the functions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the tumor microenvironment and the pathways that activate immune responses. It also summarizes recent developments in nanotechnology for immunomodulation with TLR agonists. Nanotechnology can improve the efficacy of TLR agonist-based immunotherapy and address its limitations.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan-Tung Chu, Min-Tser Liao, Kuo-Wang Tsai, Kuo-Cheng Lu, Wan-Chung Hu
Summary: A comprehensive framework has been established to understand immunological pathways, and specific associations between immune responses and immune receptors have been identified. These findings contribute to the identification of biomarkers for immune cells and provide insights into host immunological pathways.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mei Jin, Jian Fang, Jiao-jiao Wang, Xin Shao, Suo-wen Xu, Pei-qing Liu, Wen-cai Ye, Zhi-ping Liu
Summary: Atherosclerosis, a life-threatening cardiovascular disease, is associated with chronic inflammation and immune processes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a vital role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Targeting TLRs and their regulated inflammatory events could be a promising new strategy for the treatment of atherosclerotic CVDs.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Alex Marki, Konrad Buscher, Cristina Lorenzini, Matthew Meyer, Ryosuke Saigusa, Zhichao Fan, Yi-Ting Yeh, Nadine Hartmann, Jennifer M. Dan, William B. Kiosses, Gregory J. Golden, Rajee Ganesan, Holger Winkels, Marco Orecchioni, Sara McArdle, Zbigniew Mikulski, Yoav Altman, Jack Bui, Mitchell Kronenberg, Shu Chien, Jeffrey D. Esko, Victor Nizet, David Smalley, Johannes Roth, Klaus Ley
Summary: ENDS are a new class of submicron bloodborne particles formed by rolling neutrophils on the vessel wall, releasing S100A8-S100A9 complex in the vessel lumen, possibly associated with inflammation.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2021)
