Article
Neurosciences
Shile Qi, Rogers F. Silva, Daoqiang Zhang, Sergey M. Plis, Robyn Miller, Victor M. Vergara, Rongtao Jiang, Dongmei Zhi, Jing Sui, Vince D. Calhoun
Summary: This study introduces a novel three-way parallel group independent component analysis (pGICA) fusion method that effectively incorporates temporal information in multimodal data fusion, demonstrating high accuracy and comparability in estimating cross-modality links. Experimental results suggest the potential of this method in investigating brain disorders.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neuroimaging
Peter Zhukovsky, Gillian Coughlan, Erin W. Dickie, Colin Hawco, Aristotle N. Voineskos
Summary: Subject-level independent component analysis (ICA) is widely used in denoising resting-state fMRI data. This study introduces a user-friendly and computationally lightweight tool, Alternative Labeling Tool (ALT), for labeling independent signal and noise components. The results show that ALT has a high degree of agreement with manual labeling, making it a valuable alternative in cases where more complex tools are not feasible.
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
N. Gholamipour, F. Ghassemi
Summary: This study utilized Independent Component Analysis to automatically assess the reliability of components in EEG signals and found that the number of reliable components in the frequency domain is greater than that estimated in the time domain. Group-ICA algorithm was applied to ADHD/control groups to compare the validity of components between subjects, showing significant differences in the number of reliable components. Homogenous components in each group were determined by clustering.
BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Chao-Lin Teng, Yi-Yang Zhang, Wei Wang, Yuan-Yuan Luo, Gang Wang, Jin Xu
Summary: The proposed EEMD-based ICA method (EICA) effectively removes EOG artifacts from multichannel EEG signals by combining EEMD and ICA algorithms. It achieves the highest increase in signal-to-noise ratio and decrease in root mean square error and correlation coefficient after EOG artifacts removal compared to other existing approaches, demonstrating its superior performance in eliminating blink artifacts. This study provides a novel promising method for high-performance elimination of EOG artifacts in EEG signals processing and analysis.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Wei Zhao, Huanjie Li, Guoqiang Hu, Yuxing Hao, Qing Zhang, Jianlin Wu, Blaise B. Frederick, Fengyu Cong
Summary: A novel method called Component Consistency Analysis (CoCA) was proposed to evaluate the consistency of extracted components in Independent Component Analysis (ICA) across different model orders. Simulation results and fMRI datasets evaluation showed the effectiveness of this method in distinguishing consistency between ground truths and noise. The method provided an objective protocol for selecting consistent components independent of model order, especially useful in high model orders to prevent instability due to noise or other disturbances.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
A. Mary Judith, S. Baghavathi Priya, Rakesh Kumar Mahendran
Summary: This study presents a method that combines Regenerative Multi-Dimensional Singular Value Decomposition (RMD-SVD) with Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to eliminate artifacts in EEG signals. By mapping the signals into multivariate data and applying ICA, accurate separation of artifacts can be achieved. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed RMD-SVD method significantly improves noise removal efficiency.
BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Ziqian Zheng, Wei Zhao, Brock Hable, Yutao Gong, Xuan Wang, Robert W. Shannon, Kaibo Liu
Summary: This paper proposes a transfer learning-based independent component analysis (ICA) method to address the issue of degraded component extraction accuracy with limited available data. By transferring component distribution from a source domain, accurate component extraction results can be achieved in the target domain. Numerical simulations and a case study demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in transferring knowledge and reducing negative transfer.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sayedu Khasim Noorbasha, Gnanou Florence Sudha
Summary: In this study, a novel model combining SSA and ICA is proposed to address the problem of EOG artifacts removal and separation of different cerebral activities in single-channel contaminated EEG signals. The model outperforms existing techniques in terms of artifact separation performance, as demonstrated through MATLAB simulations on synthetically generated and real-life EEG signals.
BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Lei Wu, Vince Calhoun
Summary: The study of human brain connectivity provides insights into brain function and its relationship to behavior and cognition. Integrating structural connectivity and functional connectivity into a single framework is challenging. In this study, a new method called joint connectivity matrix independent component analysis (cmICA) is introduced, which allows for the integration of these two types of connectivity measurements using functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted MRI data.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ali M. Golestani, J. Jean Chen
Summary: Effective separation of signal from noise is a challenge in improving the sensitivity and specificity of resting-state fMRI measurements. Independent component analysis (ICA) is a useful approach for addressing this challenge. Our study found that spatial ICA (sICA) can identify more noise-related signal components, while temporal ICA (tICA) performs better in dealing with physiological effects.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Silvia Angela Mansi, Medaglia Maria Teresa, Stefano Seri, Paolo Tonin, Pia Rotshtein, Camillo Porcaro
Summary: The study using fMRI revealed the roles of brain networks in contradictory, deductive, and inductive reasoning. Results indicated that different intrinsic connectivity networks support logical reasoning and conflict identification, with different brain regions showing varying levels of activation during different types of reasoning.
COGNITIVE COMPUTATION
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jana Petrovska, Eva Loos, David Coynel, Tobias Egli, Andreas Papassotiropoulos, Dominique J-F. de Quervain, Annette Milnik
Summary: The study identified 12 robust brain networks associated with recognition memory performance in healthy young adults using independent component analysis. These networks successfully predicted individual differences in recognition memory performance with high accuracy in a third independent sample, suggesting their potential as biomarkers for recognition memory performance in healthy young adults.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ahmad Mayeli, Obada Al Zoubi, Kaylee Henry, Chung Ki Wong, Evan J. White, Qingfei Luo, Vadim Zotev, Hazem Refai, Jerzy Bodurka
Summary: Simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings provide a high-resolution method to study the human brain, but EEG susceptibility to MRI-induced artifacts has hindered broad adaptation. The APPEAR toolbox offers a fully automatic pipeline for reducing EEG artifacts, allowing for faster analysis and replication while avoiding experimenters' biases.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Sangwon Kim, Wookhyun Jung, KyungMin Lee, HyungGeun Oh, Eui Tak Kim
Summary: The study presents Sumav, an automated labeling tool that assigns family names to files based on antivirus labels. It can provide high-quality labeling performance even in cases of sudden changes to the antivirus label system.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ling Chen, Yuhong Wang, Shicong Mo
Summary: This study uses machine-learning methods to classify river restoration projects, developing a deep neural network and a dictionary-based multilabel classification method to label project objectives and methods. The results indicate that these automatic labeling methods perform well, providing convenient reference and understanding of the relationships between project objectives and methods for project planners.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Christopher D. Whelan, Sean N. Hatton, Khoa Huynh, Andre Altmann, Mina Ryten, Annamaria Vezzani, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Angelo Labate, Antonio Gambardella, Victoria Ives-Deliperi, Stefano Meletti, Brent C. Munsell, Leonardo Bonilha, Manuela Tondelli, Michael Rebsamen, Christian Rummel, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Roland Wiest, Akshara R. Balachandra, Nuria Bargallo, Emanuele Bartolini, Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Boris Bernhardt, Benoit Caldairou, Sarah J. A. Carr, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Fernando Cendes, Luis Concha, Patricia M. Desmond, Martin Domin, John S. Duncan, Niels K. Focke, Renzo Guerrini, Khalid Hamandi, Graeme D. Jackson, Neda Jahanshad, Reetta Kalviainen, Simon S. Keller, Peter Kochunov, Magdalena A. Kowalczyk, Barbara A. K. Kreilkamp, Patrick Kwan, Sara Lariviere, Matteo Lenge, Seymour M. Lopez, Pascal Martin, Mario Mascalchi, Jose C. V. Moreira, Marcia E. Morita-Sherman, Heath R. Pardoe, Jose C. Pariente, Kotikalapudi Raviteja, Cristiane S. Rocha, Raul Rodriguez-Cruces, Margitta Seeck, Mira K. H. G. Semmelroch, Benjamin Sinclair, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Dan J. Stein, Pasquale Striano, Peter N. Taylor, Rhys H. Thomas, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Dennis Velakoulis, Lucy Vivash, Bernd Weber, Clarissa Lin Yasuda, Junsong Zhang, Paul M. Thompson, Carrie R. McDonald
Summary: Epilepsy is a common and serious neurological disorder. MRI has been instrumental in advancing our understanding of epilepsy, and the ENIGMA-Epilepsy project aims to strengthen epilepsy research by increasing sample sizes and collaborating with scientists and clinicians.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Amir Omidvarnia, Andrew Zalesky, Sina L. Mansour, Dimitri Van de Ville, Graeme D. Jackson, Mangor Pedersen
Summary: The study quantified multiscale entropy of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data in different brain regions, revealing high temporal complexity in default mode and frontoparietal networks, and lower temporal complexity in subcortical areas and the limbic system. Test-retest analysis demonstrated reproducibility of results across individuals, highlighting the relationship between functional brain connectivity strengths and changes in rsfMRI temporal complexity over time scales.
Article
Biology
Amir Omidvarnia, Aaron E. L. Warren, Linda J. Dalic, Mangor Pedersen, Graeme Jackson
Summary: Automated detection of generalized paroxysmal fast activity (GPFA), a generalized IED seen in patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS), was successfully developed using time-frequency information derived from manually marked IEDs in scalp EEG recordings. EEG-fMRI analysis of automatically detected events showed comparable results to manual IED markup, demonstrating the validity of this approach. The proposed framework offers a fast, automated, and objective method for inspection of generalized IEDs in LGS and potentially other epilepsy syndromes.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Andre Altmann, Mina Ryten, Martina Di Nunzio, Teresa Ravizza, Daniele Tolomeo, Regina H. Reynolds, Alyma Somani, Marco Bacigaluppi, Valentina Iori, Edoardo Micotti, Rossella Di Sapia, Milica Cerovic, Eleonora Palma, Gabriele Ruffolo, Juan A. Botia, Julie Absil, Saud Alhusaini, Marina K. M. Alvim, Pia Auvinen, Nuria Bargallo, Emanuele Bartolini, Benjamin Bender, Felipe P. G. Bergo, Tauana Bernardes, Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Boris C. Bernhardt, Karen Blackmon, Barbara Braga, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Anna Calvo, Chad Carlson, Sarah J. A. Carr, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Fernando Cendes, Jian Chen, Shuai Chen, Andrea Cherubini, Luis Concha, Philippe David, Norman Delanty, Chantal Depondt, Orrin Devinsky, Colin P. Doherty, Martin Domin, Niels K. Focke, Sonya Foley, Wendy Franca, Antonio Gambardella, Renzo Guerrini, Khalid Hamandi, Derrek P. Hibar, Dmitry Isaev, Graeme D. Jackson, Neda Jahanshad, Reetta Kalviainen, Simon S. Keller, Peter Kochunov, Raviteja Kotikalapudi, Magdalena A. Kowalczyk, Ruben Kuzniecky, Patrick Kwan, Angelo Labate, Soenke Langner, Matteo Lenge, Min Liu, Pascal Martin, Mario Mascalchi, Stefano Meletti, Marcia E. Morita-Sherman, Terence J. O'Brien, Jose C. Pariente, Mark P. Richardson, Raul Rodriguez-Cruces, Christian Rummel, Taavi Saavalainen, Mira K. Semmelroch, Mariasavina Severino, Pasquale Striano, Thomas Thesen, Rhys H. Thomas, Manuela Tondelli, Domenico Tortora, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Lucy Vivash, Felix Podewils, Jan Wagner, Bernd Weber, Roland Wiest, Clarissa L. Yasuda, Guohao Zhang, Junsong Zhang, Costin Leu, Andreja Avbersek, Maria Thom, Christopher D. Whelan, Paul Thompson, Carrie R. McDonald, Annamaria Vezzani, Sanjay M. Sisodiya
Summary: The study identified elevated fractions of microglia and endothelial cells in regions of reduced cortical thickness, with differentially expressed genes showing enrichment for microglial markers, particularly activated microglial states. Findings suggest that activated microglia may play a role in cortical thinning in epilepsy.
NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Konrad Wagstyl, Kirstie Whitaker, Armin Raznahan, Jakob Seidlitz, Petra E. Vertes, Stephen Foldes, Zachary Humphreys, Wenhan Hu, Jiajie Mo, Marcus Likeman, Shirin Davies, Matteo Lenge, Nathan T. Cohen, Yingying Tang, Shan Wang, Mathilde Ripart, Aswin Chari, Martin Tisdall, Nuria Bargallo, Estefania Conde-Blanco, Jose Carlos Pariente, Saul Pascual-Diaz, Ignacio Delgado-Martinez, Carmen Perez-Enriquez, Ilaria Lagorio, Eugenio Abela, Nandini Mullatti, Jonathan O'Muircheartaigh, Katy Vecchiato, Yawu Liu, Maria Caligiuri, Ben Sinclair, Lucy Vivash, Anna Willard, Jothy Kandasamy, Ailsa McLellan, Drahoslav Sokol, Mira Semmelroch, Ane Kloster, Giske Opheim, Clarissa Yasuda, Kai Zhang, Khalid Hamandi, Carmen Barba, Renzo Guerrini, William Davis Gaillard, Xiaozhen You, Irene Wang, Sofia Gonzalez-Ortiz, Mariasavina Severino, Pasquale Striano, Domenico Tortora, Reetta Kalviainen, Antonio Gambardella, Angelo Labate, Patricia Desmond, Elaine Lui, Terry O'Brien, Jay Shetty, Graeme Jackson, John S. Duncan, Gavin P. Winston, Lars Pinborg, Fernando Cendes, Judith Helen Cross, Torsten Baldeweg, Sophie Adler
Summary: The study revealed that FCDs are unevenly distributed across the cerebral cortex and different lesion locations have significant impact on surgical outcomes. Lesions in the temporal and occipital lobes tend to be larger than frontal lobe lesions, leading to varying rates of seizure freedom post surgery.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Pakeeran Siriratnam, Emma Foster, Lubna Shakhatreh, Andrew Neal, Patrick W. Carney, Graeme D. Jackson, Terence J. O'Brien, Patrick Kwan, Zhibin Chen, Zanfina Ademi
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of resective epilepsy surgery on productivity in adults and explored factors that positively influence productivity outcomes. The results indicate that resective surgery significantly improves overall productivity. Factors associated with increased post-surgery employment risk include lower pre-surgical employment, shorter follow-up duration, and lower mean age at the time of surgery.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carlos Andres Clavijo Prado, Paolo Federico, Andrea Bernasconi, Boris Bernhardt, Lorenzo Caciagli, Luis Concha, Yotin Chinvarun, Graeme Jackson, Victoria Morgan, Stefan Rampp, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Irene Wang, Shuang Wang, Bruna Cunha Zaidan, Fabio Rogerio, Fernando Cendes
Summary: This case study addresses the issue of temporal pole atrophy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, which may result in poor delineation of the gray-white matter boundary on FLAIR images. It highlights the importance of detailed imaging evaluation, including EEG, seizure semiology, and other clinical information.
EPILEPTIC DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Remika Mito, David N. Vaughan, Mira Semmelroch, Alan Connelly, Graeme D. Jackson
Summary: This study analyzed the structural abnormalities of white matter fiber tracts in patients with bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia (BOSD) and found widespread abnormalities despite the focal nature of the dysplasia. High seizure frequency was associated with greater reduction in fiber density. The results demonstrate a bilaterally distributed, specific white matter network that is vulnerable to disruption in BOSD.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Seymour M. Lopez, Leon M. Aksman, Neil P. Oxtoby, Sjoerd B. Vos, Jun Rao, Erik Kaestner, Saud Alhusaini, Marina Alvim, Benjamin Bender, Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Boris Bernhardt, Leonardo Bonilha, Lorenzo Caciagli, Benoit Caldairou, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Angels Calvet, Fernando Cendes, Luis Concha, Estefania Conde-Blanco, Esmaeil Davoodi-Bojd, Christophe de Bezenac, Norman Delanty, Patricia M. Desmond, Orrin Devinsky, Martin Domin, John S. Duncan, Niels K. Focke, Sonya Foley, Francesco Fortunato, Marian Galovic, Antonio Gambardella, Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht, Renzo Guerrini, Khalid Hamandi, Victoria Ives-Deliperi, Graeme D. Jackson, Neda Jahanshad, Simon S. Keller, Peter Kochunov, Raviteja Kotikalapudi, Barbara A. K. Kreilkamp, Angelo Labate, Sara Lariviere, Matteo Lenge, Elaine Lui, Charles Malpas, Pascal Martin, Mario Mascalchi, Sarah E. Medland, Stefano Meletti, Marcia E. Morita-Sherman, Thomas W. Owen, Mark Richardson, Antonella Riva, Theodor Ruber, Ben Sinclair, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Dan J. Stein, Pasquale Striano, Peter N. Taylor, Sophia I. Thomopoulos, Paul M. Thompson, Manuela Tondelli, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Lucy Vivash, Yujiang Wang, Bernd Weber, Christopher D. Whelan, Roland Wiest, Gavin P. Winston, Clarissa Lin Yasuda, Carrie R. McDonald, Daniel C. Alexander, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Andre Altmann
Summary: Using data from a large multicenter cross-sectional cohort, this study found a sequential regional morphometric changes pattern in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis, which is correlated with clinical features. A disease progression model was reconstructed from cross-sectional MRI data, highlighting a sequence of MRI changes consistent with previous longitudinal studies.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Alana Collins, Michael M. Saling, Sarah J. Wilson, Graeme D. Jackson, Chris Tailby
Summary: This study collected normative data from 101 adults aged 18-45, finding that performance on the Spatial Learning Task is not influenced by factors such as age, gender, education level, or overall IQ. The data showed that 90% of participants achieved perfect scores within five or fewer trials on the task.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Mangor Pedersen, David F. Abbott, Graeme D. Jackson
Summary: Magnetoencephalography with optically pumped magnometers (OPM-MEG) is a wearable system that can record neuronal activity with high temporal and spatial resolution. Compared to conventional techniques, OPM-MEG has more advantages and shows potential in epilepsy surgery evaluation.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Remika Mito, Donna M. Parker, David F. Abbott, Michael Makdissi, Mangor Pedersen, Graeme D. Jackson
Summary: This study demonstrates that fixel-based analysis can detect tract-specific abnormalities associated with acute sports-related concussion. The findings suggest that these abnormalities may be compatible with cytotoxic oedema and normalize within 12 days after injury. However, subtle abnormalities may persist in the subacute stage.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Genevieve Rayner, Mariana Antoniou, Graeme Jackson, Chris Tailby
Summary: Patients with left and right temporal lobe epilepsy demonstrate significant impairments in future thinking ability, which has important implications for treatment decision-making. The cognitive ability to envision future events is compromised in temporal lobe epilepsy, likely due to impaired memory and language functions.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bo-yong Park, Sara Lariviere, Raul Rodriguez-Cruces, Jessica Royer, Shahin Tavakol, Yezhou Wang, Lorenzo Caciagli, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri, Antonio Gambardella, Luis Concha, Simon S. Keller, Fernando Cendes, Marina K. M. Alvim, Clarissa Yasuda, Leonardo Bonilha, Ezequiel Gleichgerrcht, Niels K. Focke, Barbara A. K. Kreilkamp, Martin Domin, Felix von Podewils, Soenke Langner, Christian Rummel, Michael Rebsamen, Roland Wiest, Pascal Martin, Raviteja Kotikalapudi, Benjamin Bender, Terence J. O'Brien, Meng Law, Benjamin Sinclair, Lucy Vivash, Patrick Kwan, Patricia M. Desmond, Charles B. Malpas, Elaine Lui, Saud Alhusaini, Colin P. Doherty, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri, Norman Delanty, Reetta Kalviainen, Graeme D. Jackson, Magdalena Kowalczyk, Mario Mascalchi, Mira Semmelroch, Rhys H. Thomas, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Esmaeil Davoodi-Bojd, Junsong Zhang, Matteo Lenge, Renzo Guerrini, Emanuele Bartolini, Khalid Hamandi, Sonya Foley, Bernd Weber, Chantal Depondt, Julie Absil, Sarah J. A. Carr, Eugenio Abela, Mark P. Richardson, Orrin Devinsky, Mariasavina Severino, Pasquale Striano, Costanza Parodi, Domenico Tortora, Sean N. Hatton, Sjoerd B. Vos, John S. Duncan, Marian Galovic, Christopher D. Whelan, Nuria Bargallo, Jose Pariente, Estefania Conde-Blanco, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano, Manuela Tondelli, Stefano Meletti, Xiang-Zhen Kong, Clyde Francks, Simon E. Fisher, Benoit Caldairou, Mina Ryten, Angelo Labate, Sanjay M. Sisodiya, Paul M. Thompson, Carrie R. McDonald, Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Boris C. Bernhardt
Summary: This study compared the spatial distribution of grey matter asymmetry and atrophy in temporal lobe epilepsy using the ENIGMA-Epilepsy dataset. The results showed marked differences between the two measures, with asymmetry revealing anomalies in ipsilateral limbic circuits and atrophy displaying diffuse and bilateral patterns. Additionally, cortical atrophy was correlated with disease duration and age at seizure onset.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alice Hatt, Elizabeth Brown, David J. Berlowitz, Fergal O'Donoghue, Hailey Meaklim, Alan Connelly, Graeme Jackson, Kate Sutherland, Peter A. Cistulli, Bon San Bonne Lee, Lynne E. Bilston
Summary: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) after cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) exhibit heterogeneous pharyngeal dilator muscle responses during quiet breathing, similar to non-SCI OSA patients. However, as a group, SCI OSA patients appear to be more similar to non-SCI OSA patients than to healthy controls of similar age and BMI. This may indicate altered pharyngeal pressure reflex responses in some individuals with SCI.
JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE
(2022)
