Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
Volume 14, Issue -, Pages 2714-2729Publisher
BIOSCIENCE RESEARCH INST-BRI
DOI: 10.2741/3408
Keywords
HIV-1; alternative splicing; RNA structure; SR proteins; hnRNP proteins; splicing enhancer; splicing silencer
Categories
Funding
- National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM)
- french Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la recherche
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche sur le Sida et les hepatites virales [ANRS05195/06194]
- Agence Nationale pour la Recherche [ANR-05-BLAN0261-01]
- European Alternative Splicing Network (EURASNET, 6th Framework Program)
- ANRS
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Alternative splicing plays a key role in the production of numerous proteins by complex lentiviruses such as HIV-1. The study of HIV-1 RNA splicing has provided useful information not only about the physiology of the virus, but also about the general mechanisms that regulate mammalian pre-mRNA alternative splicing. Like all retroviruses, a fraction of HIV-1 transcripts remains intact to serve as genomic RNA and to code for Gag and Gag-Pol protein precursors. In addition, splicing is important for controlling the production of some viral proteins, which could otherwise have a negative effect on the infected cell. Here, we summarize how the utilization of HIV-1 splicing sites is limited by the binding of nuclear factors to cis-acting silencer elements, taking into account the role of RNA secondary structure in these mechanisms. We also describe how the poorly efficient HIV-1 acceptor sites are nevertheless activated by serine/arginine-rich proteins. Finally, we discuss how nuclear factors that interact with both the transcription and splicing machineries also participate in the control of HIV-1 RNA splicing.
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