Journal
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
Volume 53, Issue 2, Pages 237-248Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.04.002
Keywords
NRF1; APE1; Mitochondrial function; Oxidative stress; Free radicals
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [30900553]
- Third Military Medical University
- MIUR [FIRB_RBRN07BMCT, PRIN2008_CCPKRP_003]
- AIRC [IG10269]
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Maintenance of mitochondrial functionality largely depends on nuclear transcription because most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and transported to the mitochondria. Nuclear respiration factor 1 (NRF1) plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of a broad range of mitochondrial genes in the nucleus in response to cellular oxidative stress. However, little is known about the redox regulatory mechanism of the transcriptional activity of NRF1. In this study, we show that the human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease/redox factor (APE1/Ref-1) is involved in mitochondrial function regulation by modulating the DNA-binding activity of NRF1. Our results show that both APE1 expression level and its redox activity are essential for maintenance of the mitochondrial function after tert-butylhydroperoxide-induced oxidative stress. Upon knocking down or redox mutation of APE1, NRF1 DNA-binding activity was impaired and, consequently, the expression of its downstream genes, including Tfam, Cox6c, and Tomm22, was significantly reduced. NRF1 knockdown blocked the restoration of mitochondrial function by APE1 overexpression, which further suggests APE1 regulates mitochondrial function through an NRF1-dependent pathway. Taken together, our results reveal APE1 as a new coactivator of NRF1, which highlights an additional regulatory role of APE1 in maintenance of mitochondrial functionality. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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