Article
Polymer Science
Jiali Huang, Wenwen Guo, Xin Wang, Lei Song, Yuan Hu
Summary: The study demonstrated that utilizing a bio-based cyclophosphazene core for curing cardanol resulted in a thermosetting material with lower initial decomposition temperature but improved char formation, high elongation at break, intrinsic flame retardancy, and excellent comprehensive properties.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuting Zhao, Xiaodong Chen, Zhitian Fan, Rui Ni, Xiaoli Liu, Yumei Tian, Bing Zhou
Summary: Lignin was partially used to replace phenol in the synthesis of safer resin due to its properties similar to phenol and renewable nature. The lignin was modified through degradation to enhance the combination with phenolic resin. The foaming process was then employed to obtain cellular insulants with improved environmental impact and cost reduction. The effects of various conditions on foaming were studied to reduce curing time and enhance foam safety. The prepared phenolic foam samples showed excellent flame retardant property and met the compressive strength requirements of the national standard.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wenqing Yang, Wanyi Zhang, Dong Xie, Yi Wang, Xiaoyan Sun, Ru Zhou, Juncheng Jiang
Summary: A novel composite based on DICY and AHP was integrated into PE, showing improved flame retardant properties compared to pure PE. The UL-94 flame retardant grade reached V-0 and the LOI index increased from 18.8% to 26.3% when the ratio of AHP and DICY was 4:1. The carbon residue and heat release rate were also improved in the composite.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Furong Zeng, Xiaofeng Men, Mingjun Chen, Bowen Liu, Qingwen Han, Shengchao Huang, Haibo Zhao, Yuzhong Wang
Summary: Polyurethane foams (PUF) are a main cause of urban fires, but incorporating flame retardants severely affects their mechanical properties. This study presents a simple method to fabricate phosphorus-containing multiscale energy dissipation networks (PMNs) to improve the toughness and fire safety of PUF. The unique PMNs facilitate stress redistribution and dissipation, allowing PUF to sustain large deformations and achieve increased fracture strength, elongation at break, and toughness. The PMNs also show better flame retardant performance compared to other phosphorus-containing species.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Renata Lubczak, Daniel Broda, Malgorzata Kus-Liskiewicz, Dominik Szczech, Ewa Bobko, Bernardetta Debska, Marzena Szpilyk, Jacek Lubczak
Summary: Polyurethane foams with flame retardants showed improved flame resistance and higher oxygen index compared to non-modified foams. The modified foams demonstrated self-extinguishing property in horizontal flaming tests and were able to withstand long-term heating at high temperatures. Additionally, the polyurethane foams exhibited biodegradation potential.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dequan Han, Hui Wang, Tingting Lu, Luya Cao, Yufei Dai, Hongzhang Cao, Xiaoli Yu
Summary: Polylactic acid (PLA) is a bioplastic that can be derived from biomass resources and has the potential to replace petroleum-based polymer materials. However, PLA is flammable and the droplet phenomenon during combustion is a disadvantage. In this study, a core-shell flame retardant was prepared using polyacrylamide (PAM)/sodium alginate (SA) coated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and blended with PLA to improve its flame retardancy and toughness.
JOURNAL OF POLYMERS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuling Xiao, Guangyong Jiang, Chao Ma, Xia Zhou, Chenyu Wang, Zhoumei Xu, Xiaowei Mu, Lei Song, Yuan Hu
Summary: By designing a new hierarchical MoSe2 nanotube structure and combining it with linear polyphosphazene, the LPP-MoSe2 hybrids demonstrate significant improvements in the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of EP, expanding the practical application of high-performance EP composites.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Jingze Guo, Xueya Wang, Yutong Li, Shuangmei Tan, Shuai Zhao, Lin Li
Summary: In this paper, various biological phosphorus-nitrogen synergistic flame retardants were synthesized through molecular design. Tannic acid modified graphene and multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanomaterials were prepared using nanocomposite technology. The flame retardant was applied to expandable polystyrene to prepare toughened composites. The high-efficiency phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant significantly improved the flame retardancy efficiency and brittleness of the expandable polystyrene. Through mechanism analysis, it was proven that the flame retardant undergoes thermal decomposition to form a dense carbon layer, preventing further degradation of the matrix. The reinforced composites exhibited improved flame retardancy and mechanical properties compared to the pure expandable polystyrene.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Kai Xu, Chentao Yan, Chunlin Du, Yue Xu, Bin Li, Lubin Liu
Summary: This study focuses on improving the flame retardancy and toughness of polylactic acid (PLA) using a simple method. PLA/MKF/NTPA biocomposites were prepared by incorporating alkali-treated kapok fiber (MKF) and phosphorus-nitrogenous flame retardant (NTPA) into the PLA matrix. The biocomposites achieved a UL-94 V-0 rating and improved impact strength compared to pure PLA. The addition of NTPA acted as a gas-phase flame retardant and condensed-phase barrier, while MKF enhanced toughness. This work is important for expanding the application range of PLA biocomposites.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiaoyang Wang, Qun Liu, Jingming Wang, Jia Liu, Shijie Long, Dun Wang
Summary: The addition of phosphorus-containing pyrazolyl derivative (DPAP) flame retardant significantly enhances the flame retardancy, toughness, and transparency of EP materials. The EP/DPAP composite achieves a UL-94 V-0 rating and high LOI value with reduced PHR and THR. Furthermore, the sample exhibits increased elongation at break and only a slight decrease in transmittance. The EP/DPAP composite demonstrates high toughness and transparency, making it suitable for a broader range of applications.
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Guoliang Hu, Xiaoqing Zhang, Minglu Bu, Caihong Lei
Summary: In this study, a new reactive flame retardant was successfully synthesized and applied to improve the strength and toughness of flame retardant epoxy resins. The introduced flame retardant not only accelerated the ring-opening reaction of epoxy resin but also improved the transparency, thermal resistance, and thermal stability of the composites. The rigid structure and microphase separation effect of the flame retardant were found to enhance the tensile strength and toughness of the composites, while achieving good flame retardancy and fire safety.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Young Shin Kim, Euy Sik Jeon
Summary: The mechanical and flame-retardant properties of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUF) were analyzed in relation to different types of flame retardants. The study compared FPUF samples containing halogenated and halogen-free flame retardants. Various tests, such as cup foaming, square foaming, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, horizontal flame test, limited oxygen index, and cone calorimeter test, were conducted to evaluate the properties of the foams. The results show that FPUF blended with expandable graphite exhibited improved tensile strength and reduced heat release compared to samples containing melamine or tris 2-chloropropyl phosphate (TCPP).
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mark W. Beach, Kenneth L. Kearns, John W. Davis, John R. Stutzman, Dean Lee, Yuming Lai, Dana Monaenkova, Shari Kram, Jing Hu, Christine Lukas
Summary: This study investigated the degradation behavior of the polymeric flame retardant BLUEDGE used in polystyrene foams, revealing that thermal-oxidative and photolytic pathways are the main degradation pathways, with UV degradation primarily occurring at the surface. Changes in polymer molecular weight were observed during degradation, but minimal bromine loss was detected in the foam.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Bing Chen, Wenhui Luo, Jiaojiao Lv, Shufeng Lin, Botuo Zheng, Huagui Zhang, Mingfeng Chen
Summary: This work proposes a simple strategy of introducing proper rigid-flexible groups into phosphorus-based flame retardant, which achieves dual performance improvement in epoxy resin. The modified flame retardant epoxy resin exhibits high flame retardancy, transparency, and smoke and heat suppression properties. Moreover, the addition of phosphorus-based flame retardant containing rigid-flexible groups significantly enhances the mechanical properties of epoxy resin, especially the toughness.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei Zhao, Hai-Bo Zhao, Jin-Bo Cheng, Wenxiong Li, Jiayan Zhang, Yu-Zhong Wang
Summary: This article introduces a formaldehyde-free phosphorus-containing polysiloxane coating for flame retardancy of EPS foam. The coating acts as both an adhesive and a flame retardant, providing durable thermal insulation and forming a graphited char layer to isolate oxygen, heat, combustible compounds, and smoke particles during combustion. EPS composites treated with this coating exhibit high fire safety and excellent comprehensive performance.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
