Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Margarida L. F. Martins, Nancy H. C. Loos, Malika el Yattouti, Lianda Offeringa, Paniz Heydari, Michel J. X. Hillebrand, Maria C. Lebre, Jos H. Beijnen, Alfred H. Schinkel
Summary: The study found that mAbcb1a/1b can limit the exposure of 6-MAM and morphine in the brain. Genetic polymorphisms or environmental factors (such as drug interactions) may have a limited effect on the exposure of 6-MAM and morphine in individuals.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jung-Hung Chen, I-Hsin Lin, Thomas Y. Hsueh, Jeffrey W. Dalley, Tung-Hu Tsai
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the metabolism, distribution, and transplacental transfer mechanism of codeine and its metabolites in pregnant rats, as well as to assess the risk of medication for pregnant women.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Zachary A. Tolchin, Dallas M. Dukes, Leanna M. Gharbaoui, Joel M. Smith
Summary: A synthesis of the natural product thebaine from commercially available starting materials is described, which involves dearomatization and coupling reactions of simple aromatic compounds. This method allows for the production of two unnatural opioid derivatives, with the goal of developing synthetic opioid analogs of Naloxone. Furthermore, a catalytic asymmetric dearomatization using anion-pairing catalysis is proposed for the enantioselective synthesis of all reported targets.
Review
Immunology
W. Watson Buchanan, K. D. Rainsford, Colin A. Kean, Walter F. Kean
Summary: Opium derived products have been used in ancient civilizations including Assyrians, Egyptians, Romans, and Greeks. Morphine was isolated from raw opium in the early 19th century and was named after the Greek God of dreams, Morpheus. Opioid products have therapeutic value for pain management in various medical conditions.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rodell C. Barrientos, Connor Whalen, Oscar B. Torres, Agnieszka Sulima, Eric W. Bow, Essie Komla, Zoltan Beck, Arthur E. Jacobson, Kenner C. Rice, Gary R. Matyas
Summary: By combining heroin and fentanyl haptens in a bivalent vaccine adjuvanted with liposomes, high IgG titers were produced in mice, protecting them from the effects of heroin and fentanyl. The vaccine showed no cross-reactivity to other opioids in vivo, indicating its potential efficacy and worth further investigation.
BIOCONJUGATE CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Gerd Jakobsson, Michael T. Truver, Sonja A. Wrobel, Henrik Green, Robert Kronstrand
Summary: A method for quantitation of morphine and its metabolites in urine was developed and applied to opiate related deaths, revealing that metabolic ratios can differentiate causes of death and drug intakes, and suggesting a period of abstinence prior to death in a subset of heroin intoxications.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Giuseppe Floresta, Ivana Gavrilovic, Scarlett Devey, Rhian Harris, David Cowan, Vincenzo Abbate
Summary: The study demonstrates a simple method to synthesize the metabolites of nicomorphine, indicating how they can be used to identify nicomorphine administration and distinguish it from permissible codeine use in sports.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Noelia Felipe Montiel, Marc Parrilla, Victoria Beltran, Gert Nuyts, Filip Van Durme, Karolien De Wael
Summary: The study presents a rapid analysis method based on the enriched electrochemical fingerprint of heroin, allowing for selective detection in street samples. By using electrochemical pretreated screen printed electrodes (p-SPE), the sensitivity and reproducibility of detection are improved, while the detection limits are lowered. The method also includes testing against common cutting agents for validation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xuan Zhang, Jin Wang, Jianhao Liang, Zhiwei Liu, Xing Shen, Yingju Liu, Xiangmei Li, Zhenlin Xu, Yi Lei, Hongtao Lei
Summary: In this study, an easily prepared highly aggregated gold nanoparticles (AGNPs) and its application in lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for detecting opium poppy abuse in herbal teas were developed. The method showed rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sarah Badaoui, Ashley M. Hopkins, A. David Rodrigues, John O. Miners, Michael J. Sorich, Andrew Rowland
Summary: Guidance on the impact of codeine and its metabolites on fetal development is limited by small studies and conflicting findings. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling was used to study the effect of gestational stage and maternal CYP2D6 phenotype on fetal morphine exposure after codeine administration. Results show that maternal CYP2D6 phenotype significantly influences fetal morphine exposure, with the greatest risk during the first trimester of pregnancy, especially in CYP2D6 UM phenotype mothers.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Suling Zhang, Ziluo Hua, Weixuan Yao, Ting Lu, Dong Zhang, Hongting Zhao
Summary: In this study, a magnetic pomelo peel-derived biochar composite was developed and used as a low-cost adsorbent for the simultaneous extraction of morphine, codeine, and 6-monoacetylmorphine from wastewaters. The method was proven to be linear and accurate for the determination of these opioids in influent and effluent wastewater samples. The results suggest that this biochar-based method could be a promising approach for estimating illicit drug consumption.
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nursing
Karlee De Monnin, Danielle Schalk, Jamie Lewis, Marian Wilson
Summary: Appropriate care for patients with chronic pain requires a comprehensive approach to medication intervention and monitoring when opioids are used. The urine drug test is a standard practice for long-term opioid prescription, but it should be viewed as a means to promote patient safety rather than punishment. Recent discussions on the impact of poppy seeds on urine drug test results highlight the risk of misinterpretation, which can lead to baseless accusations, undermine therapeutic relationships, and intensify stigma. Nurses have an opportunity to mitigate these consequences by understanding urine drug testing, reducing discrimination against chronic pain and opioid use, advocating for patients, and driving change at both individual and system levels.
PAIN MANAGEMENT NURSING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Leah M. Dignan, M. Shane Woolf, Jennifer A. Ross, Carly Baehr, Christopher P. Holstege, Marco Pravetoni, James P. Landers
Summary: This study introduces a portable centrifugal microfluidic ELISA system that replaces repetitive pipetting with rotationally controlled fluidics, allowing for sensitive and reliable colorimetric detection of opiates. This new approach could provide rapid and automatable drug detection outside of traditional laboratories by non-technical personnel.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erika Buratti, Gianmario Mietti, Marta Cippitelli, Alice Cerioni, Rino Froldi, Mariano Cingolani, Roberto Scendoni
Summary: Insects on corpses can be used to detect exogenous substances like drugs of abuse. Identifying these substances in carrion insects is crucial for estimating the postmortem interval and providing forensic information about the deceased. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Fourier transform mass spectrometry is a sensitive technique for identifying substances, even at low concentrations in larvae. This paper proposes a method for identifying morphine, codeine, methadone, 6-monoacetylmorphine, and 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine in Lucilia sericata larvae.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Samira Choufi, Simon Mounier, Etienne Merlin, Emmanuelle Rochette, Jessica Delorme, Nicolas Authier, Chouki Chenaf
Summary: The prescription of opioid analgesics for children in France decreased between 2012 and 2018, with a significant decline in codeine prescriptions and an increase in tramadol prescriptions. This shift suggests a reduced use of opioids for pain management in French children.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Heitor S. D. Correa, Ivano Alessandri, Andrea Verzeletti
Summary: This research assessed the usefulness of Raman spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in analyzing bones. The techniques were found to be useful in molecular taphonomy studies and forensic genetics.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2024)