Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Li Shuang, Feng Shi-qian, Hidayat Ullah, Tu Xiong-bing, Zhang Ze-hua
Summary: Locusts have been a periodic disaster throughout recorded human history, and the desert locust is one of the most harmful species. This migratory insect pest causes massive food crises, economic losses, and ecological disasters by damaging over 300 plant species, especially field crops. Extensive research has been conducted in the field of desert locust ecology and management, and this review summarizes the basic information and provides recommendations for future research.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Allan T. Showler, Michel Lecoq
Summary: Progress in desert locust surveillance and control is hindered by various obstacles, with insecurity being the most intractable. Direct insecurity, such as armed conflicts and landmines in breeding areas, and indirect insecurity, which debilitates government functions and diverts resources from desert locust management, both contribute to the challenges faced. The chronic occurrence of insecurity across African and Asian countries with desert locust breeding areas highlights the complexity and pervasiveness of the issue.
Article
Entomology
Koutaro Ould Maeno, Cyril Piou, Nicolas Lemenager
Summary: Phenotypic plasticity in body size in the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, is a result of developmental pathway modification. Large eggs have more yolk and space, leading to larger embryos compared to small eggs.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Jun Liu, Michel Lecoq, Long Zhang
Summary: The study found that when desert locusts reached southern Tibet from the southern regions, the low temperatures and high humidity at high altitudes caused severe stress on the insects, limiting their activities and preventing them from surviving long or producing offspring. The high-altitude environmental conditions in the Himalayas acted as a natural barrier that restricted the northward expansion of the desert locust populations.
Article
Biology
Graham E. Jackson, Gerd Gade, Heather G. Marco
Summary: Adipokinetic hormone (AKH) is a crucial metabolic neuropeptide in insects, regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism. In this study, a computational screening approach was used to identify compounds that could interact with the AKH receptor in desert locusts. Four potential agonistic ligands were identified, which could compete with the endogenous AKH.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Syed Salman Shahid, Christian M. Kerskens, Malcolm Burrows, Alice G. Witney
Summary: The study uses micro diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to characterize neuronal connectivity in the insect brain, helping to identify anatomical regions and infer connectivity of large tracts. Quantitative imaging indices derived from the diffusion model can be extracted to evaluate structural changes in the nervous system of the locust brain.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Allan T. Showler, Sikandar Shah, Sulaiman, Sheharyar Khan, Sami Ullah, Francesca Degola
Summary: The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, swarms during outbreaks and plagues, invading many countries in Africa and Asia, causing significant damage to crops and vegetation. The Pakistan government declared a national emergency and implemented surveillance and control operations to combat the locust invasion.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Camille Vernier, Nicolas Barthes, Marie-Pierre Chapuis, Julien Foucaud, Joris Huguenin, Nicolas Lemenager, Cyril Piou
Summary: This study found that the odor of faeces can attract nymphs back to the group of locusts, regardless of the age of the faeces.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Mary K. Salcedo, Brian H. Jun, John J. Socha, Naomi E. Pierce, Pavlos P. Vlachos, Stacey A. Combes
Summary: Research shows that the circulation system, respiration system, and nervous system of insects extend into their wings, playing a critical role in supplying nutrients and maintaining wing function. High-speed fluorescent microscopy and particle tracking reveals dynamic flow patterns in every vein of grasshopper wings, with three different flow behaviors: pulsatile, aperiodic, and leaky. Study of the wing circulatory system provides valuable insights into the hemodynamics necessary for sustaining wing health and insect flight.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
C. K. Goode, Gregory P. P. Sutton
Summary: In this study, the researchers observed the angular velocity of locusts during take-off and found that it scales with mass, suggesting a constant rotational kinetic energy density. They also found that angular velocity increases proportionally with linear velocity, indicating a fixed energy budget at take-off. On average, only 1.3% of the energy budget is devoted to rotational kinetic energy, which is consistent across all sizes of locusts. This suggests that smaller locusts have a harder time jumping without body rotation.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Wim C. Mullie, Adam Prakash, Alexander Mueller, Elena Lazutkaite
Summary: The desert locust upsurge in the Horn of Africa from 2019 to 2021 resulted in extensive use of insecticides in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Somalia, with limited environmental monitoring. Overdosing of insecticides in Kenya led to non-target mortality, while in Ethiopia, the decline in honey production was linked to insecticide applications. The use of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium acridum in Somalia showed promising results and highlighted the need to reassess the widespread use of organophosphate insecticides.
Article
Entomology
Koutaro Ould Maeno, Cyril Piou, Said Ghaout
Summary: The desert locust shows a density-dependent reproductive trade-off by laying fewer but larger eggs in crowded conditions. The ovulation timing and oosorption rate are influenced by maternal density, and these modifications in physiology regulate the reproductive trade-off in the locust.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Itay Bleichman, Pratibha Yadav, Amir Ayali
Summary: Collectively moving animal groups rely on the decision-making of locally interacting individuals to maintain swarm cohesion. However, the complex visual environment presents challenges to extracting and processing relevant information. By studying swarming-related decision-making in desert locust nymphs, we found that locusts use filtering and discrimination when encountering multiple stimuli, and assign different weights to different stimuli. These findings provide insights into locusts' cognitive abilities and support their use as a model for investigating sensory-motor integration and motion-related decision-making in swarm environments.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Zeinab Fathy, Jihan Muhammad, Ahmed Azazy
Summary: Despite intensive management measures, locusts pose a periodic threat in Africa, resulting in significant yield loss and corresponding food and financial loss. Laboratory assessment revealed that the toxicity of Photorhabdus luminescens bacteria and its cell-free filtrate caused higher mortality in second and fifth instar locust nymphs. Treated locusts exhibited drastic reductions in protein, fat, and carbohydrate levels. Adverse effects on the muscular layers of the midgut and jumping legs were observed in the treated desert locust nymphs.
JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lianfeng Zhao, Wei Guo, Feng Jiang, Jing He, Hongran Liu, Juan Song, Dan Yu, Le Kang
Summary: The study reveals that there are differences in egg production and egg size between gregarious and solitarious locusts, which are regulated by oosorption. The interaction between microRNA and the TGF beta ligand plays a crucial role in the process of locust oocyte death.
Article
Entomology
Daniel J. Rogers, John S. Terblanche, Candice A. Owen
Summary: The study found that N. eichhorniae from the warm site were able to maintain activity and tolerate colder temperatures better than those from the cold site. This may be explained by the poor nutrient quality of plants at the cold site, driving low-temperature performance variation that overrides macroclimate variation among sites. Additionally, the cold site weevils may have adapted to survive wide-temperature variability, while the warm site insects have likely adapted to consistent conditions in confinement.
ECOLOGICAL ENTOMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Chantelle Smit, Marion Javal, Philipp Lehmann, John S. Terblanche
Summary: Metabolic rate and aerobic scope show significant increases in larvae of the South African longhorn beetle Cacosceles newmannii at 30 degrees Celsius compared to those at 20 degrees Celsius. Some larvae exhibit cyclic gas exchange patterns at both temperatures, with continuous gas exchange being more prominent at 30 degrees Celsius.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Philipp Lehmann, Marion Javal, Anton Du Plessis, John S. Terblanche
Summary: This study provides insights into rapidly quantifying insect respiratory anatomy on live insects, including the variation of respiratory structures in different body sizes and developmental stages, and the balance between metabolic supply and demand.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
W. P. Amy Liu, Laura M. Phillips, John S. Terblanche, Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Steven L. Chown
Summary: Trait-environment interactions have contributed to the diversity of the invertebrate fauna in the Cape Floristic Region, with the Collembola genus Seira showing greater desiccation tolerance in the warm, dry fynbos shrubland habitats compared to moister environments. This suggests that pronounced desiccation and thermal tolerance have enabled the diversity of Seira species to exploit the hot and dry habitats in the CFR.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Davina L. Saccaggi, Melanie Arendse, John R. U. Wilson, John S. Terblanche
Summary: The dataset presented in this study contains crucial information on imported plant products inspected by the South African Department of Agriculture's laboratories between 1994 and 2019, providing insights on contaminant organisms. Around 30% of the samples tested positive for contaminants, with 13% having multiple contaminants, with fungi, mites, and insects being the most common ones. This dataset serves as an important resource for analyzing contaminant organisms in international trade and informing strategies for risk assessment and biosecurity protocols.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Marion Javal, John S. Terblanche, Desmond E. Conlong, Norbert Delahaye, Elizabeth Grobbelaar, Laure Benoit, Carlos Lopez-Vaamonde, Julien M. Haran
Summary: DNA barcoding has been successfully applied in temperate regions for bio-surveillance of forest and agricultural pests, with limited applications in the tropics and Africa. The study identified the damaging pest Cacosceles newmannii in sugarcane plantations in South Africa and emphasized the need for a reliable tool for identification and monitoring. The research also established a DNA barcoding reference library and found two highly divergent genetic clusters in C. newmannii, indicating potential new cryptic species.
BIODIVERSITY DATA JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amparo Hidalgo-Galiana, Ignacio Ribera, John S. Terblanche
Summary: This study investigated thermal limits and acclimation capacity in diving beetles from diverse regions in South Africa, finding significant variation among species with limited acclimation ability. Taxonomic affiliation and ecoregions were found to be influencing factors for thermal limits. The limited plasticity observed in the thermal limits may not be sufficient to cope with climate change impacts.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Quentin Willot, Ben Loos, John S. Terblanche
Summary: The study found that warmer adult acclimation is a key factor in increasing the survival rate of flies to high heat stress, while the interaction between adult and developmental acclimation gradually becomes important as stress persists. The dynamic interplay between the two forms of acclimation ultimately enhances thermal tolerance as a function of stress duration. Investigating recovery rates post-stress, it was also found that the process of heat-hardening and recovery post-heat knockdown are likely based on different mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ecology
Susana Clusella-Trullas, Raquel A. Garcia, John S. Terblanche, Ary A. Hoffmann
Summary: Thermal vulnerability indices, used for predicting climate change impacts on habitats and species, are gaining popularity. However, discrepancies in terminology and biases that affect the formulation of these indices need to be addressed. Further research is needed to validate and improve the application of these indices.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Davina L. Saccaggi, John R. U. Wilson, Andrew P. Robinson, John S. Terblanche
Summary: This study analyzed a dataset of arthropod contaminants on plant imports in South Africa from 2005 to 2019 to determine factors influencing the likelihood of harmful organisms being present in imports. While some variables were found to have an impact in specific cases, there was little general predictive power in the data. Instead, an individualized approach is needed to understand the details of pest arrivals and movement for effective biosecurity.
ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Ecology
H. Arthur Woods, Sylvain Pincebourde, Michael E. Dillon, John S. Terblanche
Summary: Historical approaches have traditionally viewed climate change as an external factor affecting organisms, but organisms can also influence their own climate experience by moving within microclimates. Attention is now shifting towards how organisms alter microclimates through extended phenotypes, which extend beyond the organism's surface. Understanding the expression and consequences of extended phenotypes, as well as their impact on microclimatic niches, will be crucial for predicting the effects of climate change on organismal performance and fitness.
TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Vernon M. Steyn, Katherine A. Mitchell, Casper Nyamukondiwa, John S. Terblanche
Summary: This study examines the effects of thermal acclimation on thermal performance and tolerance traits of the Mediterranean fruit fly in different operational environments. The results reveal the trait- and context-specific nature of how thermal acclimation influences these traits, highlighting the differences in dispersal-related performance in different environments.
BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Entomology
Brent J. Sinclair, Jesper Givskov Sorensen, John S. Terblanche
Summary: This article synthesizes the literature on thermal plasticity in insects and explores the opportunities to enhance the performance of released insects by modifying temperature regimes. The authors discuss how temperature affects insect biology and identify potential mismatches between thermal acclimation and field temperatures. They also address the challenges in implementing optimal thermal regimes and highlight the importance of considering trade-offs with other traits. Overall, the study suggests that thermal physiological plasticity can be effectively utilized in release programs.
BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Nomalizo C. Ngomane, John S. Terblanche, Des E. Conlong
Summary: The study reveals that adding sterols can accelerate the pupation process of Eldana saccharina, while cryoprotectants can enhance its cold tolerance. However, the addition of cryoprotectants has negative effects on the fertility of female insects. The preferred diet for E. saccharina is the one containing 0.2g cholesterol and stigmasterol, as it shortens the larval growth period without trade-offs in key life cycle parameters.
Article
Entomology
Elizabeth J. Huisamen, Minette Karsten, John S. Terblanche
Summary: In this study, two experiments were conducted to investigate how developmental temperature and transport conditions affect the low-temperature performance and flight ability of false codling moth (FCM) adults. The results showed that fluctuating thermal regime (FTR) improved cold tolerance, flight performance, and egg-laying capacity with minimal costs. Additionally, transport conditions did not negatively impact the flight and low-temperature performance of FCM. These findings are important for optimizing conditions in an SIT program for FCM.
Article
Biology
Iain Hunter, Raz Leib
Summary: Natural movement is related to health, but it is difficult to measure. Existing methods cannot capture the full range of natural movement. Comparing movement across different species helps identify common biomechanical and computational principles. Developing a system to quantify movement in freely moving animals in natural environments and relating it to life quality is crucial. This study proposes a theoretical framework based on movement ability and validates it in Drosophila.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biology
Andy Gardner
Summary: Fisher's geometric model is a useful tool for predicting key properties of Darwinian adaptation, and here it is applied to predict differences between the evolution of altruistic versus nonsocial phenotypes. The results suggest that the effect size maximizing probability of fixation is smaller in the context of altruism and larger in the context of nonsocial phenotypes, leading to lower overall probability of fixation for altruism and higher overall probability of fixation for nonsocial phenotypes.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biology
Thomas F. Pak, Joe Pitt-Francis, Ruth E. Baker
Summary: Cell competition is a process where cells interact in multicellular organisms to determine a winner or loser status, with loser cells being eliminated through programmed cell death. The winner cells then populate the tissue. The outcome of cell competition is context-dependent, as the same cell type can win or lose depending on the competing cell type. This paper proposes a mathematical framework to study the emergence of winner or loser status, highlighting the role of active cell death and identifying the factors that drive cell competition in a cell-based modeling context.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biology
Haruto Tomizuka, Yuuya Tachiki
Summary: Batesian mimicry is a strategy in which palatable prey species resemble unpalatable prey species to avoid predation. The evolution of this mimicry plays a crucial role in protecting the unpalatable species from extinction.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biology
Jason W. Olejarz, Martin A. Nowak
Summary: Gene drive technology shows potential for population control, but its release may have unpredictable consequences. The study suggests that the failure of suppression is a natural outcome, and there are complex dynamics among wild populations.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biology
Hamid Ravaee, Mohammad Hossein Manshaei, Mehran Safayani, Javad Salimi Sartakhti
Summary: Gene expression analysis is valuable for cancer classification and phenotype identification. IP3G, based on Generative Adversarial Networks, enhances gene expression data and discovers phenotypes in an unsupervised manner. By converting gene expression profiles into images and utilizing IP3G, new phenotype profiles can be generated, improving classification accuracy.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biology
Beatrix Rahnsch, Leila Taghizadeh
Summary: This study forecasts the evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany using a network-based inference method and compares it with other approaches. The results show that the network-inference based approach outperforms other methods in short-to mid-term predictions, even with limited information about the new disease. Furthermore, predictions based on the estimation of the reproduction number in Germany can yield more reliable results with increasing data availability, but still cannot surpass the network-inference based algorithm.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biology
Rongsheng Huang, Qiaojun Situ, Jinzhi Lei
Summary: Maintaining tissue homeostasis requires appropriate regulation of stem cell differentiation. Random inheritance of epigenetic states plays a pivotal role in stem cell differentiation. This computational model provides valuable insights into the intricate mechanism governing stem cell differentiation and cell reprogramming, offering a promising path for enhancing the field of regenerative medicine.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biology
Patrick Vincent N. Lubenia, Eduardo R. Mendoza, Angelyn R. Lao
Summary: This study compares insulin signaling in healthy and type 2 diabetes states using reaction network analysis. The results show similarities and differences between the two conditions, providing insights into the mechanisms of insulin resistance, including the involvement of other complexes, less restrictive interplay between species, and loss of concentration robustness in GLUT4.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biology
Nuverah Mohsin, Heiko Enderling, Renee Brady-Nicholls, Mohammad U. Zahid
Summary: Mathematical modeling is crucial in understanding radiobiology and designing treatment approaches in radiotherapy for cancer. This study compares three tumor volume dynamics models and analyzes the implications of model selection. A new metric, the point of maximum reduction of tumor volume (MRV), is introduced to quantify the impact of radiotherapy. The results emphasize the importance of caution in selecting models of response to radiotherapy due to the artifacts imposed by each model.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biology
Armindo Salvador
Summary: Michael Savageau's Biochemical Systems Analysis papers have had a significant impact on Systems Biology, generating core concepts and tools. This article provides a brief summary of these papers and discusses the most relevant developments in Biochemical Systems Theory since their publication.
JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL BIOLOGY
(2024)