Variation of aflatoxin M1 contamination in milk and milk products collected during winter and summer seasons

Total 221 samples of milk and milk products were collected during winter (November 2011 February 2012) and 212 samples were collected during summer (May August 2012) from central areas of Punjab, Pakistan. The samples were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)) with a validated HPLC method equipped with florescence detector. The results revealed that from winter season almost 45% samples of milk and milk products were found to be contaminated with AFM(1) i.e. 40% of raw milk, 51% of UHT milk, 37% of yogurt, 60% of butter and 43% of ice cream samples and 27, 24, 25, 34 and 17% of samples were found above the recommended limit for AFM(1), respectively. However, from summer season 32% samples of milk and milk products were found to be contaminated i.e. 36% of raw milk, 31% of UHT milk, 29% of yogurt, 40% of butter and 24% of ice cream and 23, 23, 18, 20 and 5% of samples were found above the permissible limit for AFM(1), respectively. The levels of contamination in winter milk and milk product samples were significantly higher (alpha <= 0.05) than in summer season. The occurrence of AFM(1) in milk and milk products were higher, demanding to implement strict regulations and also urged the need for continuous monitoring of milk and milk products in order to minimize the health hazards. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.