Journal
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
Volume 49, Issue 9, Pages 2328-2335Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.06.034
Keywords
Contaminants; Mixture; Cod liver oil; Pharmaceutical liver oil; Industrial waste; Steroid hormones
Categories
Funding
- Research Council of Norway (RCN) [127534/720]
- Netherlands Organization for International Cooperation in Higher Education (NUFFIC)
- Aides a la Formation-Recherche (AFR) [TR-PHDBFR-098]
- Fonds National de la Recherche (FNR) Luxembourg
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Crude cod liver oil and liver oil supplements are consumed as a source of vitamin A, D and polyunsaturated fatty acids; during winter and early pregnancy. Crude cod liver oil however constitutes a considerable source of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This paper aimed at characterizing and quantifying the influence of POP mixtures extracted from three different steps in the cod liver oil industrial process on hormone production and the expression of steroidogenesis-related genes in H295R cells. Exposure to extracts from crude cod liver oil and from its industrial waste increased progesterone (P4), cortisol (Con), testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) production; and among others, the expression of MC2R, CYP11B1 and HSD3B2 genes. Observed effects after exposure to pharmaceutical cod liver oil extract were considerably lower. The type of effects on gene expression and hormone production were similar to those induced by forskolin and PCBs, the latter being the major contaminants within the extracts. Additional research is required to further unveil the mechanisms behind the observed steroidogenic effects and to assess whether the potential risk might outweigh the potential benefits of crude and processed cod liver oil consumption. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available