Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alexa N. Bramall, E. S. Anton, Kristopher T. Kahle, Peter E. Fecci
Summary: Congenital or acquired hydrocephalus can significantly impact patients' quality of life. Current treatment methods are prone to failure and infection, so researchers aim to improve treatment outcomes through further understanding of cerebrospinal fluid pathways.
Article
Cell Biology
Maia Uriarte, Pablo N. De Francesco, Gimena Fernandez, Daniel Castrogiovanni, Micaela D'Arcangelo, Monica Imbernon, Sonia Cantel, Severine Denoyelle, Jean-Alain Fehrentz, Jeppe Praetorius, Vincent Prevot, Mario Perello
Summary: The study revealed that circulating ghrelin crosses the blood-CSF barrier mainly through a mechanism involving GHSR, and possibly via a GHSR-independent mechanism.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Francisco Javier Rodriguez-Jimenez, Pavla Jendelova, Slaven Erceg
Summary: Ependymal cells, dormant progenitors in the spinal cord, undergo significant changes following spinal cord injury (SCI). The understanding of molecular events that activate ependymal cells after SCI is crucial for controlling the regenerative response in damaged tissues. This review focuses on cell adhesion molecules, cellular membrane receptors, ion channels, and transcription factors that mediate SCI-induced activation of ependymal cells. The coordinated expression of receptors and ion channels regulates ependymal cell activation and may contribute to cellular replacement and tissue regeneration after SCI.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Thomas I-H Park, Leon C. D. Smyth, Miranda Aalderink, Zoe R. Woolf, Justin Rustenhoven, Kevin Lee, Deidre Jansson, Amy Smith, Sheryl Feng, Jason Correia, Peter Heppner, Patrick Schweder, Edward Mee, Mike Dragunow
Summary: This article presents a simple and highly reproducible method to culture various types of human brain cells from brain specimens. The method allows for quick preparation of cells and can be used to study human brain cells.
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Shenandoah Robinson, Lauren L. Jantzie
Summary: This study investigates the pathogenesis of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in premature infants and its impact on CSF dynamics. It highlights the importance of distinguishing ventricular volume from brain health and function. The study reviews the influence of pathogenesis on current interventions and discusses emerging interventions.
SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Zeynep Balcikanli, Irem Culha, Pelin Dilsiz, Mehmet Serif Aydin, Nilay Ates, Mustafa Caglar Beker, Saltuk Bugra Baltaci, Halil Koc, Ahmet Yigitbasi, Mustafa Gundogar, Thorsten R. Doeppner, Dirk M. Hermann, Ertugrul Kilic
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause long-term neurological deficits, and the current treatments are ineffective. This study investigated the effects of lithium chloride (LiCl) on motor coordination recovery and neuroplasticity in mice with SCI. The results showed that LiCl can enhance motor coordination, reduce tissue atrophy, increase neuronal survival, and promote axonal regeneration.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kelv Shen, Duanrong Wu, Baihan Sun, Yin Zhu, Hao Wang, Wenjun Zou, Yuhang Ma, Zhengfeng Lu
Summary: This study confirmed that ginsenoside Rg1 can promote the direct transdifferentiation of rat astrocytes into neurons, thereby promoting neuronal regeneration after spinal cord injury.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Huitao Liu, Jingling Zhang, Xingxing Xu, Sheng Lu, Danlu Yang, Changnan Xie, Mengxian Jia, Wenbin Zhang, Lingting Jin, Xiwu Wang, Xiya Shen, Fayi Li, Wangfei Wang, Xiaomei Bao, Sijia Li, Minyu Zhu, Wei Wang, Ying Wang, Zhihui Huang, Honglin Teng
Summary: The study identified that upregulation of SARM1 in neurons and astrocytes at early stage after SCI. Conditional deletion of SARM1 in neurons and astrocytes promoted functional recovery and neuronal regeneration after SCI, while reducing neuroinflammation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ramon Martinez-Mamol, Rosina Giordano-Santini, Eva Kaulich, Ann-Na Cho, Magdalena Przybyla, Md Asrafuzzaman Riyadh, Emilija Robinson, Keng Yih Chew, Rumelo Amor, Frederic A. Meunier, Giuseppe Balistreri, Kirsty R. Short, Yazi D. Ke, Lars M. Ittner, Massimo A. Hilliard
Summary: Viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, can infect the brain and cause severe neurological symptoms through the fusion of neurons and glia. This fusion is mediated by the viral fusogen and leads to the formation of multicellular syncytia, as well as the spread of molecules and organelles. Furthermore, the fusion severely compromises neuronal activity. These findings contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms by which viruses affect the nervous system and cause neuropathology.
Review
Cell Biology
Serena Silvestro, Emanuela Mazzon
Summary: Spinal cord injury is a devastating injury to the central nervous system, and current therapies have not been successful. MiRNA plays a crucial role in CNS development and pathological processes after neural injury, making it a promising candidate for SCI therapy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucia Machova Urdzikova, Veronika Cimermanova, Kristyna Karova, Jose Dominguez, Katerina Stepankova, Michaela Petrovicova, Katerina Havelikova, Chirag D. Gandhi, Meena Jhanwar-Uniyal, Pavla Jendelova
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition with physical and psychological consequences. The study found that both EGCG and PP242 significantly improved sensory/motor functions in SCI, with EGCG appearing to be more effective. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of EGCG and PP242 in suppressing mTOR pathways and promoting recovery from SCI in rats.
Article
Immunology
Zhenxin Hu, Lina Xuan, Tingting Wu, Nizhou Jiang, Xiangjun Liu, Jiazhen Chang, Te Wang, Nan Han, Xiliang Tian
Summary: Taxifolin reduces neuroinflammation and microglial pyroptosis after spinal cord injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. It also promotes axonal regeneration and improves functional recovery. Taxifolin may be a potential therapeutic agent for spinal cord injury.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhengjian Yan, Lei Chu, Xiaojiong Jia, Lu Lin, Si Cheng
Summary: Stem cell therapy using neural progenitor cells (NPCs) shows promise in mitigating the effects of spinal cord injury, with myelin playing a role in promoting axonal regeneration. The study identified the serine protease myelin basic protein (Mbp) as a key gene involved in myelin-associated axonal regeneration. In vivo experiments using murine NPCs overexpressing Mbp demonstrated enhanced locomotive recovery and axonal regeneration post-SCI, suggesting that bioengineered NPC-based interventions can support axonal regeneration and functional recovery.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xuanxuan Zhang, Wenwei Jiang, Yan Lu, Tiantian Mao, Yu Gu, Dingyue Ju, Chuanming Dong
Summary: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and disabling disease that often leads to sensory and motor dysfunction, accompanied by various secondary outcomes. The main treatments for SCI include surgery, drugs, and rehabilitation. Cell therapy and exosomes have shown promise in treating SCI, but the therapeutic effect is still controversial. Combining biomaterial scaffolds and exosomes can enhance their delivery to the injury site and improve their viability.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Robert Chevreau, Hussein Ghazale, Chantal Ripoll, Chaima Chalfouh, Quentin Delarue, Anne Laure Hemonnot-Girard, Daria Mamaeva, Helene Hirbec, Bernard Rothhut, Shalaka Wahane, Florence Evelyne Perrin, Harun Najib Noristani, Nicolas Guerout, Jean Philippe Hugnot
Summary: Ependymal cells in the adult spinal cord activate multiple signaling pathways after injury, downregulate cilia-associated genes, upregulate various genes including Osmr, and the Osmr receptor Oncostatin may regulate the fate of ependymal cells towards astrocytic differentiation by affecting cell proliferation and differentiation.