Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Amin Seyedzadeh, Mehdi Yasi, Javad Farhoudi
Summary: Vertical sluice gates are commonly used in irrigation and drainage networks. By conducting experiments with laboratory models, it was found that installing the gate at a specific distance from the upstream end of the weir crest and having a specific height for the weir can optimize the flow characteristics. The developed relationships for contraction, head-loss, and discharge coefficients provided accurate estimations for the performance of the gated weir.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Lei Wang, Ming-jun Diao
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the water flow under a high-dam gate with a small opening, proposing a semiempirical formula for the discharge coefficient and deriving the equation of bed friction head loss for submerged flow. Results show that the head loss caused by flow turbulence plays a leading role in total head loss for both free and submerged flows.
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Arsalan Mostaani, Amir H. Azimi
Summary: This study evaluated a new analytical method for predicting the scour profile downstream of a submerged sluice gate with an apron. The study utilized differential equations to predict the scour profile in both temporal and equilibrium stages, considering the bed shear stress and scour profile curvature. Two solution strategies were introduced to provide a closed-form solution. The study also performed sensitivity analysis and model modifications to improve the accuracy of the predictions. The results showed that the maximum error occurred at the beginning of scour, with an overestimation of the maximum scour depth and an underestimation of the scour length.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEDIMENT RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Behzad Shakouri, Imren Ismail, Mir Jafar Sadegh Safari
Summary: In this study, a new method for determining the flow discharge of vertical sluice gates is proposed using energy-momentum equations to characterize the physical expression of the phenomena. The coefficient of discharge, contraction coefficient, and energy loss coefficient are calculated using an optimization approach. Regression equations for quantifying the energy loss coefficient are produced using symbolic regression method. The derived formulas are used to compute the discharge coefficient and flow discharge of the vertical sluice gate.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hai Wei, Kaiyun Tao, Yongqin Luo, Bingyue Song, Mingming Wang, Juncai Xu
Summary: Hydraulic prototype observation (HPO) tests are conducted to assess the effectiveness of reconstructed energy dissipation facilities (EDFs) in open channels at hydropower stations. The tests investigate flow characteristics, free water surface fluctuations, and pulsating pressure changes in open channels under varying flood discharge conditions (FDCs). The findings indicate that the arrangement of the reconstructed EDFs is generally effective following technical reconstruction.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Arash Yoosefdoost, William David Lubitz
Summary: Sluice gates are hydraulic structures commonly used in regulating flow in open channels. This study compares different models in distinguishing flow regimes, estimating discharge coefficient, and analyzing flow rate. The study proposes new equations and methods to improve the accuracy of the models. The findings have important implications for the design and calibration of sluice gates and controlling flow in open channels.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Babak Mahmoudi, Mohammad Hemmati, Mehdi Yasi, Sajad Ahmad Hamidi
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the influence of time on local scour development downstream of parallel sluice gates under different operations. The findings indicate that the time scale of local scour development is determined by the symmetric and asymmetric operations of the gates. Reducing the gate opening to a channel width ratio leads to an increase in the maximum scour depth and a decrease in the accuracy of the power-law equation compared to the classic hydraulic jump conditions. A new equation with high accuracy is proposed accordingly.
JOURNAL OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Farzin Salmasi, John Abraham
Summary: This study investigates the effect of different sill shapes on the discharge coefficient C-d under a vertical sluice gate. Results show that circular sills can increase C-d, with the highest values observed in a 3 cm diameter circular sill. Sill height and shape significantly impact C-d, while the most influential parameters are H-1/p and Z/G.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Saeed Salehi, Amir H. Azimi, Hossein Bonakdari
Summary: Laboratory experiments were conducted on sharp-crested weir culverts with downstream ramps to investigate hydraulics and discharge characteristics under different flow conditions. The study identified the characteristics of partially submerged flow and fully submerged flow, and developed empirical formulations for predicting discharge.
IRRIGATION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
E. Omugbe, O. E. Osafile, I. B. Okon
Summary: In this study, a mixed hyperbolic Poschl-Teller potential was analyzed using the WKB approximation and the generalized parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov methods in hyper-radial space. An improved approximation to the centrifugal barrier was used to obtain the energy spectrum and normalized wave function in closed form. The thermodynamic properties and mean values were calculated using the partition function and the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, showing excellent agreement with previous works. The WKB energy produced slightly improved results compared to other analytical methods with similar centrifugal barrier approximations.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sheng He, Geng Niu, Xuefeng Sang, Xiaozhong Sun, Junxian Yin, Heting Chen
Summary: Accurate and reliable discharge estimation is crucial for water resource management and downstream applications. In this study, a machine learning-based framework was developed and applied to a hydrological station in China. The results showed that the ensemble machine learning models in the framework outperformed the traditional stage-discharge rating curve method and single machine learning models.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kerstin Friebe, Frank Jenau
Summary: Partial discharge measurement is crucial for monitoring equipment in power engineering systems, providing key information on equipment condition and aiding in taking preventive measures. Understanding the physical phenomena of partial discharges is essential to interpret measurement results accurately and prevent lasting damage to equipment components.
Correction
Chemistry, Physical
Faris Alzahrani, M. Ijaz Khan
Summary: This research presents the three-dimensional radiative flow of Maxwell nanoparticles subject to microorganisms in a rotating frame. The study investigates the novel impact of non-uniform heat source and sink for enhancing heat transfer. The effects of porosity and inertial forces are considered using the Darcy-Forchheimer law. Convective boundary conditions are applied to the simulated problem. The modified version of the Buongiorno nano-model is used to examine the thermophoretic behavior and Brownian movement of nanoparticles. The lead author acknowledges an error in the momentum equation and some unspecified flow parameters, and presents a correction in this corrigendum [1].
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Ji Hoo Kim, Jae Ryong Kweon
Summary: This study focuses on the momentum equation with unbounded pressure gradient across the interior curve starting at a non-convex vertex. The L-shaped domain with the horizontal directional vector U =(1, 0)(t) causes the inflow boundary to be disconnected. As a result, there is a jump in the pressure function along the streamline across the interior curve emanating from the vertex (0, 0), leading to an undefined pressure gradient. To address this issue, a vector field is constructed to lift the pressure jump value on the curve into the region. The solution's precise structure is determined by separating the lifting vector field, contact singularity, corner singularity, and smoother part. The numerical examples provided further validate the critical roles played by each component in the decomposition.
COMPUTERS & MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ping Wang, Yonggang Zhang, Jinhua Cheng, Huilan Zhang, Li Zeng
Summary: This study investigates the impact of vegetation on water flow, particularly in terms of backwater rise. Through experiments, it is found that the water surface elevation near emergent canopies can be predicted based on the momentum equation, leading to the development of a general formula. This work improves the understanding and predictability of the nonuniformity and backwater rise generated by vegetation in natural or ecology-restored rivers.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
P. Conte, V Ferro
Summary: The study uses Fast Field Cycling Nuclear Magnetic Resonance to analyze hydrological connectivity inside the soil, showing that soil structure and texture influence connectivity, with high structural connectivity corresponding to better functional connectivity.
Article
Water Resources
Francesco Giuseppe Carollo, Alessio Nicosia, Vincenzo Palmeri, Vincenzo Pampalone, Vito Ferro
Summary: Considering the influence of water flow energy on soil erosion processes, the article investigates flow velocity measurements in different verticals and calculates the correction factor alpha(vv). The results show that alpha(vv) is related to the distance from the wall and the average values calculated by different methods are close to 0.8.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. Di Stefano, A. Nicosia, V. Pampalone, V. Ferro
Summary: Soil erosion and the resulting loss of non-renewable resources is an important environmental issue with economic, ecological, and social implications. Recognition of soil ecosystem services in the European Green Deal has led to increased attention to this problem. Recent events in Europe have demonstrated the inadequacy of landscape protection and limited interventions to prevent damage from hydrogeological instability.
Article
Environmental Studies
Francesco Giuseppe Carollo, Alessio Nicosia, Vincenzo Palmeri, Vincenzo Pampalone, Maria Angela Serio, Vito Ferro
Summary: This study compares the differences between the recorded optical drop-size distributions (DSDs) in two experimental areas in Sicily, Italy, and evaluates the applicability of the Gamma theoretical distribution. The relationship between rainfall kinetic power and intensity is also assessed.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
F. G. Carollo, C. Di Stefano, A. Nicosia, V. Palmeri, V. Pampalone, V. Ferro
Summary: The relevant erosive effects of extraordinary rainfall events due to climate change require establishing soil conservation strategies to prevent damages due to hydrogeological instability. The tolerable soil loss, i.e., the maximum soil loss compatible with sustainable soil use, represents a quantitative target to establish the effectiveness of actions to control soil erosion. In this paper, a new approach to defining the condition corresponding to a tolerable soil loss is proposed.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Alessio Nicosia, Costanza Di Stefano, Maria Angela Serio, Vito Ferro
Summary: In this paper, the outflow process of rectangular broad and sharp-crested contraction devices is modeled using dimensional analysis and the incomplete self-similarity condition. The proposed theoretical stage-discharge relationship is tested using measurements available in the literature. It is found that the sharp-crested device has the lowest estimation error, which increases its practical advantage.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Alessio Nicosia, Vito Ferro
Summary: This study verified a theoretical open channel flow resistance equation by conducting flow depth and discharge measurements on ten different types of uniform-sized plants in a large channel. The results showed that an accurate estimation of the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor can be obtained by using a scaling coefficient a that varies with the investigated vegetation type.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Alessio Nicosia, Francesco Giuseppe Carollo, Vincenzo Palmeri, Vito Ferro
Summary: This study used data collected by Errico et al. in drainage channels colonized by Phragmites australis to investigate the effect of flexible vegetation and its management on flow resistance estimation. The theoretical flow resistance equation was calibrated and tested through open-field hydraulic experiments, showing that it can accurately estimate the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor and evaluate the effects of different vegetation management scenarios on flow resistance.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Water Resources
Alessio Nicosia, Vincenzo Pampalone, Maria Angela Serio, Vito Ferro
Summary: This study used measurements of water flow and ephemeral gully flow velocities conducted by Ban et al. to test the applicability of a theoretically deduced rill flow resistance equation. The results showed that the theoretical flow resistance approach can predict Darcy-Weisbach friction factor for both fixed and mobile bed rills, and that flow discharge and slope determine different flow behaviors.
HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Alessio Nicosia, Costanza Di Stefano, Vincenzo Palmeri, Maria Angela Serio, Vito Ferro
Summary: In this paper, the outflow process of a linear width contraction device for a free-flow condition is modeled using dimensional analysis and incomplete self-similarity condition. The proposed power stage-discharge equation is characterized by an exponent close to 2 and a coefficient depending on the angle of the device sides with the channel bank. The main result of this paper is a stage-discharge relationship giving an accurate estimate of discharge regardless of the discharge coefficient estimate.
IRRIGATION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
A. Nicosia, F. G. Carollo, V. Ferro
Summary: The shape, size, and arrangement of roughness elements on the channel bed surface affect the flow resistance in gravel-bed channels. This study focuses on the flow resistance in channels with different concentrations of boulders arranged in a staggered manner. Experimental measurements were conducted in a flume with hemispheric roughness elements under partially submerged and completely submerged hydraulic conditions to calibrate the relationship between the Gamma coefficient of the power velocity profile and the Froude number. The results showed that the proposed flow resistance equation accurately estimates the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor.
JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Francesco G. Carollo, Costanza Di Stefano, Alessio Nicosia, Vincenzo Palmeri, Vincenzo Pampalone, Vito Ferro
Summary: This study investigates the impact of rill morphology on flow resistance and verifies the reliability of a theoretical flow resistance law. The results show that the tortuosity of rill has an effect on flow resistance, which can be explained by the additive components of bed roughness, sediment transport, and localized energy losses due to curves. The study establishes a suitable measurement method for rill thalweg and tests the accuracy of the flow resistance law.
INTERNATIONAL SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Alessio Nicosia, Costanza Di Stefano, Maria Angela Serio, Vito Ferro
Summary: In this study, the application of dimensional analysis and incomplete self-similarity theory is used to investigate the stage-discharge relationship of vegetated weirs. The proposed theoretically-based relationship shows a high accuracy in estimating the discharge, with errors below 5% in most cases.
WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Vito Ferro, Alessio Nicosia
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vincenzo Pampalone, Alessio Nicosia, Vincenzo Palmeri, Maria Angela Serio, Vito Ferro
Summary: Reliable prediction of event soil loss at the plot scale can be achieved using the USLE-MB model, which models the effect of erosive agents using the rainfall erosivity index and the runoff coefficient. This study parameterized the model separately for rill and interrill events and found different values of the power b(1), indicating different impacts of the runoff coefficient on soil loss in these two erosive processes. Different relationships for topographic factors were also derived. The performance of the USLE-MB model improved significantly when distinguishing between the two databases compared to using the complete database.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Budi Rochmanto, Hari Setiapraja, Ihwan Haryono, Siti Yubaidah
Summary: This study calibrates a turbine flowmeter for compressed natural gas (CNG) application by using air as a substitute and simulating the kinematic viscosity property of CNG. The research shows that by using air instead of CNG, the flowmeter can achieve accurate measurements with a measurement uncertainty of less than 1%.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mona Mary Varghese, Chaithanya P. Devan, Samiksha M. Masram, Teja Reddy Vakamalla
Summary: This work investigated the influence of particle shape on fluidization behavior at different inlet superficial gas velocities. The experiments were conducted using a laboratory-scale 3D circular fluidized bed column with Geldart D particles of various shapes. The results showed that non-spherical particles had lower minimum fluidization velocities and higher bed expansion compared to spherical particles. Particle shape significantly affected solids holdup, with spherical particles exhibiting higher solids holdup at the same superficial velocity. Frequency domain analysis of pressure signals using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) revealed flow regime transitions associated with changes in particle shape.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Ruiming Yu, Yunyan Ma, Kuaile Liu, Xiangyu Liu
Summary: A single-seat control valve with stable flow regulation is researched and designed to address technical problems such as unstable flow at small openings and uneven force on the valve core. The mechanical and flow characteristics, as well as thermal stress, are analyzed through simulations and tests. The results show that the designed valve meets the requirements.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Alcemir Costa de Souza, Ewerton Emmanuel da Silva Calixto, Fernando Luiz Pellegrini Pessoa, Valeria L. da Sila, Luiz Octavio Vieira Pereira
Summary: This study proposes a simple CO2 meter for accurately measuring the CO2 content in Brazilian pre-salt production flows. By analyzing the pressure change during a heating assay of an imprisoned sample, the proposed meter is capable of identifying the mixture properties under different CO2 levels.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mehdi Asadi, S. Abbas Hosseini, Kaveh Ahangari
Summary: Due to technical issues with bottom intake racks, porous intakes made of rock, gravel, or sand can be a viable alternative. This study used an experimental model to assess the performance of porous bottom intakes (PBI) and examined the impacts of various parameters such as channel slope, grain size distribution of the porous media, intake structure geometry, and water depth in the channel on diverted flow rates during sediment-free flow. The study also compared the performance of one-sided and three-sided PBI models under the same conditions. The findings suggest that a slope of 1% yields higher discharge coefficient and diverted flow compared to a slope of 1.68%, and three-sided PBI models outperform one-sided models in terms of flow rate. A formula utilizing nonlinear multivariate regression, experimental data, and dimensional analysis was proposed for calculating the discharge coefficient of PBI, with a high accuracy rate of over 95%.
FLOW MEASUREMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION
(2024)
