Journal
FITOTERAPIA
Volume 81, Issue 2, Pages 108-114Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.08.005
Keywords
Proanthocyanidin A-1; Immunomodulatory; Proliferation; Cytokine; Phagocytosis
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of proanthocyanidin A-1 (PAA-1) from leaves of Rhododendron spiciferum (Ericaceae). In vitro tests showed that PAA-1 stimulated cell proliferation of splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages significantly enhanced the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells and increased CD4(+) and CD8(+) cell populations. PAA-1 also regulated the expression of Th1- and Th2-related cytokines. Moreover, this study showed that PAA-1 exhibited a significant effect on NBT dye reduction and lysosomal enzyme activity responses in macrophages, indicating effective phagocytic activation. These results revealed that PAA-1 exhibits immunomodulatory activity without a clear dose response. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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