☆ 4.3 Article

Development of the musculature and muscular abnormalities in larval seven-band grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus

FISHERIES SCIENCE (2013)

Journal

FISHERIES SCIENCE

Volume 79, Issue 2, Pages 277-284

Publisher

SPRINGER JAPAN KK

DOI: 10.1007/s12562-013-0594-9

Keywords

Abnormality; Larval branchial levator; Malformation; Muscle development; Seven-band grouper

Funding

Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [22380104] Funding Source: KAKEN

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Abstract

There are a number of reports documenting skeletal development in groupers, but surprisingly little is known about muscle development. We have documented muscle development in the seven-band grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg), focusing primarily on the cranial muscles from 0 days post-hatching (dph) to 28 dph, using a modified whole mount immunohistochemical staining method. The eye muscles developed first followed by the cheek muscles, which completed development prior to first feeding. The muscles associated with the opercle and the levator internus 1 developed gradually and were not linked to first feeding. Later, between 12 and 16 dph, the muscle composition in the dorsal branchial arches changed to the adult form. We observed a number of cultured larvae that exhibited abnormal musculature in the body and jaw. Our results provide the first documentation of muscle development in larval seven-band grouper. This information can be used to detect abnormalities during development and provide a marker to assess the effect of changes in larval rearing techniques.

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Embryonic and larval development of backcrossed hybrid grouper between TGGG (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus x E. lanceolatus) and giant grouper (E. lanceolatus)

Sari Asfarina Sariat, Fui Fui Ching, Norfazreena Mohd Faudzi, Shigeharu Senoo

Summary: This study investigated the embryonic and larval development, morphological changes, sensory organ development, and behavioral patterns of the backcrossed hybrid grouper TGGGxGG. The study found that fertilization and hatching rates were 70.65% and 39.51% respectively, with an average egg size of 850 & PLUSMN; 40 & mu;m. The newly hatched larvae grew from 1.336 & PLUSMN; 0.118 mm to 11.95 mm at 50 days after hatching (dAH), initiating first feeding at 48 hours after hatching (hAH). The TGGGxGG larvae exhibited positive phototaxis at 48 hAH and positive rheotaxis at 4 dAH. The study also observed the development of free neuromasts on the head parts of the larvae. The backcrossed hybrid TGGGxGG showed similar developmental characteristics to other pure and hybrid groupers, but had slower growth, suggesting the need for further investigation into growth enhancement.

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