Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jacob Burns, Christoph Kurz, Michael Laxy
Summary: The disease management programs for type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease introduced in Germany in 2002-2003 did not show a significant impact on circulatory and all-cause mortality rates at the population level. However, due to wide confidence intervals, the possibility of a positive effect cannot be ruled out. Further comparative effectiveness research is needed to clarify the value of these programs given their substantial costs for administration and operation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda Butler, Ruth Croxford, Katherine E. Mcleod, Tara Gomes, Aaron M. Orkin, Susan J. Bondy, Fiona G. Kouyoumdjian
Summary: The study found that during the COVID-19 pandemic, opioid toxicity death rates increased linearly for both incarcerated individuals and the general population. Among incarcerated individuals, the risk ratio was 1.50 for males and 1.21 for females, while for non-incarcerated individuals, the risk ratio was 1.25 for males.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Adi Turjeman, Eytan Wirtheim, Itamar Poran, Leonard Leibovici
Summary: This study aimed to determine if COVID-19 was associated with high rates of mortality regardless of age, sex, and underlying disorders. The results showed a significantly higher prevalence of COVID-19 among patients who died compared to living controls. The mortality odds were increased in COVID-19 patients with or without underlying diseases.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Review
Psychiatry
Elena Dragioti, Joaquim Radua, Marco Solmi, Corentin J. Gosling, Dominic Oliver, Filippo Lascialfari, Muhammad Ahmed, Samuele Cortese, Andres Estrade, Gonzalo Arrondo, Mary Gouva, Michele Fornaro, Agapi Batiridou, Konstantina Dimou, Dimitrios Tsartsalis, Andre F. Carvalho, Jae Il Shin, Michael Berk, Silvia Stringhini, Christoph U. Correll, Paolo Fusar-Poli
Summary: Empirical evidence suggests that there is a significant bidirectional association between mental disorders and physical diseases, but the prospective impact of mental disorders on clinical outcomes of physical diseases has not been fully examined. This umbrella review analyzed systematic reviews with meta-analysis to identify the association between mental disorders and clinical outcomes of physical diseases. The study found that mental disorders increase the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in various physical diseases, and prevention targeting these disorders can reduce the incidence of negative outcomes. Rating: 7/10
Article
Environmental Sciences
G. Roberts, M. J. Wooster
Summary: The study highlights landscape fires as a significant contributor to global PM2.5 pollution, leading to many people being exposed to unhealthy and hazardous air quality. Especially in developing nations, landscape fires have a notable impact on populations.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rebecca A. Dunlop, Janelle Braithwaite, Lars O. Mortensen, Catriona M. Harris
Summary: The PCoD model is a conceptual framework used to assess the population-level consequences of animals exposed to disturbance activities. Researchers applied this framework to migrating humpback whales exposed to a simulated commercial seismic survey scenario, using both a forwards and backwards approach to assess potential impacts. Results suggested a low potential for population consequences of seismic surveys on migrating humpbacks.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Cory J. Bauerlien, Derek P. Crane, Scott Smith, George Palmer, Tyler Young, Daniel B. Goetz, Jeff Hansbarger, Kyle Hartman
Summary: This study evaluates the effects of warm-water catch-and-release mortality on the length potential of muskellunge. The results show that implementing a closed season during the warm-water period has little impact on the growth of muskellunge. This study provides important information for developing comprehensive muskellunge management plans.
FISHERIES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Calvin A. Arter, Saravanan Arunachalam
Summary: This study utilizes the Decoupled Direct Method to calculate sensitivity coefficients of O-3 and PM2.5 concentrations with respect to aviation emissions, finding that NOX emissions are the primary contributors to O-3 and PM2.5 formation. The results show that first order sensitivity coefficients are sufficient for constructing accurate LTO emissions perturbation scenarios.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Erin M. Driver, Adam J. Gushgari, Joshua C. Steele, Devin A. Bowes, Rolf U. Halden
Summary: This study demonstrates the feasibility of using endogenous biomarkers, specifically glucocorticoid hormones, to estimate population-level stress by monitoring wastewater. The study found reproducible patterns in the excretion of stress hormones, with the highest levels occurring on Mondays and Tuesdays, and the lowest on Sundays. Stress levels were significantly higher on weekdays compared to weekends, and also higher during the first two months of each semester. Overall, stress levels were higher in the Spring semester compared to the Fall semester.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mathew E. Hauer, Dean Hardy, Scott A. Kulp, Valerie Mueller, David J. Wrathall, Peter U. Clark
Summary: The exposure of populations to sea-level rise is a leading indicator assessing the impact of future climate change on coastal regions. The authors identify three spatial zones of flooding such as mean higher water, the 100 year floodplain and the low-elevation coastal zone and show population exposure can differ between those zones.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Md Ashfikur Rahman
Summary: This study aims to assess inequality in hypertension and diabetes prevalence in Bangladesh and identify factors contributing to socioeconomic inequalities. The study found that hypertension and diabetes are prevalent among the adult population in Bangladesh and are significantly associated with age, wealth status, overweight or obesity, and administrative divisions. Household wealth status and BMI were found to contribute to the inequality in hypertension and diabetes.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Daniel Ovando, Jennifer E. Caselle, Christopher Costello, Olivier Deschenes, Steven D. Gaines, Ray Hilborn, Owen Liu
Summary: MPAs can provide conservation benefits within their borders and have some impact on connected populations beyond their borders; however, they may not have a clear effect on total biomass densities at the population level. Smaller MPAs of <30% coverage may be difficult to detect and effectively communicate expectations and uncertainties is crucial to ensure their effectiveness.
CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katherine Stern, Qian Qiu, Michael Weykamp, Grant O'Keefe, Scott C. Brakenridge
Summary: This study compares different methods of sepsis classification in trauma patients and finds that administrative methods misclassify sepsis and underestimate its incidence and severity, while an automated clinical method using electronic health record data is more reliable.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Wei Yan, Ming Yan, Hui Wang, Zilong Xu
Summary: This study found a significant association between serum alkaline phosphatase concentration and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, with possible mediators including gamma-glutamyl transferase, Vitamin D, and C-reactive protein.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Josiah L. Kephart, Brisa N. Sanchez, Jeffrey Moore, Leah H. Schinasi, Maryia Bakhtsiyarava, Yang Ju, Nelson Gouveia, Waleska T. Caiaffa, Iryna Dronova, Saravanan Arunachalam, Ana V. Diez Roux, Daniel A. Rodriguez
Summary: Climate change and urbanization in Latin America have led to increased human exposure to extreme temperatures. This study found that nonoptimal ambient temperatures contribute to a significant proportion of deaths, with both heat and cold associated with higher mortality risk. Older adults and individuals with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases are particularly vulnerable.
