Article
Virology
Irene Cano, Eduarda M. Santos, Karen Moore, Audrey Farbos, Ronny van Aerle
Summary: The study revealed that inoculation with non-pathogenic VHSV led to differential gene expression related to immune response and cytokine-mediated signaling pathway, while inoculation with pathogenic VHSV resulted in differential expression of pathways involving lipid metabolism and cytoskeleton rearrangement. The data also suggested a delay in immune response genes and viral sensing in cells inoculated with pathogenic VHSV, indicating transcriptional shutoff and immune avoidance as critical mechanisms of pathogenicity.
Article
Fisheries
S. Puente-Marin, D. Cazorla, V. Chico, J. Coll, M. Ortega-Villaizan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that red blood cells (RBCs) play an important role in fish immune response to viral infections and DNA vaccines. Surface-displaying recombinant bacterins, known as spinycterins, have been found to enhance fish immune response and can be used as a safe alternative method for viral vaccination in aquaculture. In this study, the innate immune response of rainbow trout RBCs, head kidney, and spleen to spinycterins expressing a fragment of the glycoprotein G of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) was evaluated. The results showed that Nmistic+frg16252-450 spinycterins increased the attachment to RBCs and modulated the expression of interferon and antigen presentation-related genes, while frg16252-450 spinycterins upregulated these genes in the head kidney and spleen. These findings highlight the importance of RBCs in the fish innate immune response to antiviral prophylactics.
Article
Fisheries
Cuneyt Tamer, Yuksel Durmaz, Emre Ozan, Hamza Kadi, Abdullah Cavunt, Bahadir Muftuoglu, Harun Albayrak
Summary: In Turkey, the aquaculture industry is threatened by two major viruses: IPNV and VHSV. The study found that the Bolu strain of VHSV and the HAH-4 strain of IPNV have moderate pathogenicity in rainbow trout.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Anna Luiza Farias Alencar, Se Ryun Kwon, Thomas Bruun Rasmussen, Emilie Merour, Niels Jorgen Olesen, Argelia Cuenca
Summary: Recent studies on VHSV have identified genetic markers in the nucleoprotein that play key roles in virulence, leading to the creation of recombinant viruses with altered virulence characteristics. Challenges with these recombinant viruses in rainbow trout showed differences in clinical signs and survival rates, highlighting the importance of nucleoprotein in VHSV virulence in this fish species.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Nina Sandlund, Renate Johansen, Ingrid U. Fiksdal, Ann Cathrine B. Einen, Ingebjorg Modahl, Britt Gjerset, Oivind Bergh
Summary: Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) is a globally important group of viruses infecting a wide range of fish species, with recent initiatives to re-establish Atlantic cod as an aquaculture species. Studies show that Atlantic cod has limited ability to be infected by VHSV and has low susceptibility to the genotype III strain of this virus.
Article
Fisheries
Rocio Simon, Patricia Martinez, Lucia Gonzalez, M. Camino Ordas, Carolina Tafalla
Summary: Mucosal surfaces are the main route for pathogens to enter the host. This study investigated the immune response of mucosal epithelial cells from the gastrointestinal tract and gills of rainbow trout to a viral mimic and two important viral pathogens. The results provide valuable information on the different responses of these cell lines to viral stimuli and their usefulness in studying mucosal responses in fish.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Amaro Saco, Magali Rey-Campos, Beatriz Novoa, Antonio Figueras
Summary: In this study, mussels were challenged with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV), and the viral load was eliminated after 24 hours. Mussels showed antiviral activity towards VHSV, indicating that the virus was recognized and eliminated by the mussel immune system, confirming that mussels are not VHSV vectors in the marine environment. The study also revealed the involvement of cytoplasmic viral sensors, JAK-STAT pathway activation, and various downstream antiviral effectors in the mussel immune response.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Yin Weili, Huang Wei, Liu Xiaojing, Ni Yangfan, Yang Bai, Shi Qing, Zhao Weiduo, Sun Tao
Summary: The newly developed recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay for the rapid detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is fast, simple, specific, and sensitive, with a detection limit of 8.3 copies/μL. It has been successfully validated on a large number of fish samples, showing consistent results with traditional RT-PCR and meeting requirements for aquatic animal disease detection.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Takafumi Ito, Tohru Mekata, Niels Jorgen Olesen, Niels Lorenzen
Summary: The monoclonal antibody IP5B11 used for diagnosing viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in fish reacts with all genotypes of VHS virus (VHSV) and also with the carpione rhabdovirus (CarRV). By sequencing the CarRV genome and comparing N protein sequences with five types of fish novirhabdoviruses, the epitope recognized by IP5B11 was identified. Dot blot analysis confirmed that the epitope of IP5B11 is located between amino acids N219 and N233 of the N protein of VHSV. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CarRV is a new member of the fish novirhabdoviruses.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biology
Veronica Chico, Maria Elizabhet Salvador-Mira, Ivan Nombela, Sara Puente-Marin, Luis Perez, Luis Mercado, Maria del Mar Ortega-Villaizan
Summary: NKEF, an antioxidant protein, has been found to inhibit VHSV replication in rainbow trout red blood cells but not in cell lines. Silencing of the nkef gene led to increased VHSV replication and decreased expression of genes related to the IFN1 pathway. Overexpression of NKEF reduced VHSV infectivity, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target against viral infections.
Article
Fisheries
Cuneyt Tamer, Harun Albayrak, Semra Gumusova
Summary: A new vaccine targeting VHS was developed in this study, with the recombinant subunit vaccine showing less protection against local isolate VHSV compared to the inactivated whole particle vaccine, despite achieving desired antibody production and reduced viral load.
AQUACULTURE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Claire Joiner, Mickael Teixeira Alves, Birgit Oidtmann
Summary: This study investigated the infection of market-size rainbow trout with viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and the concentration of the virus in wastewater. The results showed that the virus reached its highest titre in the fish one day before the peak of infection, which occurred on the fifth day post-challenge. Evisceration led to higher virus concentrations in the waste compared to filleting. The findings can be used for risk assessment in imports and processing to reduce the global risk of disease transmission.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Claire L. Joiner, Birgit C. Oidtmann, Georgina S. E. Rimmer, Nicola J. McPherson, Peter F. Dixon, Richard K. Paley
Summary: The study revealed that the survival of viruses varied under different conditions, being inversely related to temperature, organic and inorganic content. The viruses remained infectious even after drying on stainless steel, and exhibited differences in adsorption and desorption rates in various types of soil.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julan Kim, Ja Young Cho, Ju-Won Kim, Dong-Gyun Kim, Bo-Hye Nam, Bong-Seok Kim, Woo-Jin Kim, Young-Ok Kim, JaeHun Cheong, Hee Jeong Kong
Summary: PoMaf1 is a global suppressor of RNA polymerase III-dependent transcription, potentially playing a crucial role in the immune response to viral infections in fish. It is expressed in all tissues, with highest levels in eye and muscle tissues. The transcript levels of PoMaf1 decrease during VHSV infection, and its disruption leads to increased VHSV glycoprotein mRNA levels, indicating its involvement in the immune response to VSHV infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Se-Young Cho, Seok Ryel Kim, Bipin Vaidya, Joseph Kwon, Duwoon Kim
Summary: This study highlights that defective GLUT4 translocation-dependent glucose uptake increases the mortality of VHSV-infected olive flounders by inhibiting MPO activity.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Cervera, Carmen Gonzalez-Fernandez, Marta Arizcun, Alberto Cuesta, Elena Chaves-Pozo
Summary: A severe natural outbreak of the protozoan parasite Cryptocaryon irritans triggered a potent local innate immune response in the gills of gilthead seabream, characterized by the up-regulation of inflammatory, antimicrobial peptides, and cell-mediated cytotoxicity-related molecules. The study also found morphological alterations and immune cell appearance in the gills.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carmen Gonzalez-Fernandez, Alberto Cuesta
Summary: Nanoplastics might have negative effects on aquatic organisms, including their disease resistance. This study found that exposure to functionalized polystyrene NPs increased viral replication and clinical symptoms of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) in fish, while also reducing their inflammatory and antiviral response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Jhon A. Serna-Duque, Alberto Cuesta, M. Angeles Esteban
Summary: Host defense peptides, particularly hepcidins, play a crucial role in the innate immune system of vertebrates. The study on hepcidins in gilthead seabream revealed a massive duplication of hamp genes on chromosome 17, suggesting high adaptation and diversity within this species. Additionally, the research indicated different immune roles for hepcidins in seabream and showcased specific-tissue expression profiles in response to bacterial challenge, potentially leading to a deeper understanding of innate immunity in fish and vertebrates.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miguel Angel Garcia-Alvarez, Marta Arizcun, Elena Chaves-Pozo, Alberto Cuesta
Summary: The study found that gilthead seabream larvae are susceptible to both RGNNV/SJNNV and SJNNV/RGNNV reassortants, with the highest impact from the RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant on 37-day post-hatching larvae. Viral replication occurs at both 37 and 86 dph, but the recovery of infective particles was only confirmed in 37 dph larvae.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Jhon A. Serna-Duque, Alberto Cuesta, Alvaro Sanchez-Ferrer, M. Angeles Esteban
Summary: The presence of pleurocidin in the skin mucus of winter flounder led to the discovery of a family of fish-exclusive antimicrobial peptides called piscidin. In this study, two paralogous genes of tripartite piscidin were described for the first time in gilthead seabream, indicating a significant expansion of pisc genes in this species. These genes showed distinct expression patterns and encoded different proteins, suggesting diverse roles in both microbicide activity and immune modulation.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Laura Cervera, Carmen Gonzalez-Fernandez, Daniela Cano, M. Angeles Esteban, Luis Mercado, Elena Chaves-Pozo, Alberto Cuesta
Summary: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potent immune system components that can kill pathogens and modulate the immune response. This study found that AMPs in European sea bass can enhance immune response and antibacterial activity but do not improve resistance to nodavirus (NNV) disease.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Rocio Simon, Patricia Martinez, Lucia Gonzalez, M. Camino Ordas, Carolina Tafalla
Summary: Mucosal surfaces are the main route for pathogens to enter the host. This study investigated the immune response of mucosal epithelial cells from the gastrointestinal tract and gills of rainbow trout to a viral mimic and two important viral pathogens. The results provide valuable information on the different responses of these cell lines to viral stimuli and their usefulness in studying mucosal responses in fish.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yulema Valero, Luis Mercado, Marta Arizcun, Alberto Cuesta, Elena Chaves-Pozo
Summary: Immunity plays a crucial role in the development of fish embryos, and maternal transfer of immunity positively affects the innate immune system development of their progeny. In this study, priming broodstock female fish before spawning season enhances the innate immune activities and upregulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides in their offspring. Furthermore, evidence of maternal transfer of immune proteins related to antimicrobial responses is provided.
Article
Fisheries
Miguel Angel Garcia-Alvarez, Carmen Gonzalez-Fernandez, Maria Angeles Esteban, Alberto Cuesta
Summary: In this study, the cytotoxic and regulatory T cell molecule CRTAM and its ligand CADM1 were identified in European seabass and gilthead seabream. The transcriptional levels of these genes were evaluated and showed constitutive expression, with higher expression in immune tissues. Nodavirus infection induced up-regulation of CRTAM and CADM1, particularly in seabream, which may explain their resistance to nodavirus disease.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Cristobal Espinosa-Ruiz, Carmen Gonzalez-Fernandez, Bettie Cormier, Steffen H. Keiter, Luis R. Vieira, Lucia Guilhermino, Christelle Clerandeau, Jerome Cachot, Maria A. Esteban, Alberto Cuesta
Summary: Marine environments are contaminated with plastic waste, including microplastics, which are ingested by aquatic organisms and have negative effects on animal welfare. The interactions between microplastics, contaminants, and organisms are not well understood. The study on European seabass showed that the effects of microplastics and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) on fish were similar or even lesser when combined, indicating a lack of additive effects or potential protection against PFOS toxicity.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Fisheries
Yulema Valero, Alberto Cuesta
Summary: Aquaculture is responsible for over half of the fish consumed by humans worldwide, but infectious diseases caused by viruses are a major problem. The coexistence of different virus strains in the same area allows for natural reassortment, which is a recombination process where different viruses exchange their genetic material. This has been facilitated by the transportation of fish eggs and larvae between facilities globally.
REVIEWS IN AQUACULTURE
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Salma Guebebia, Cristobal Espinosa-Ruiz, Lazhar Zourgui, Alberto Cuesta, Mehrez Romdhane, M. Angeles Esteban
Summary: The study examined the immunostimulant, cytotoxic, bactericidal, and antioxidant activities of ethanolic extracts from different parts of okra. The extracts showed significant content of phenols and flavonoids. They had notable effects on leukocyte activities in European sea bass and demonstrated cytotoxic effects on cell lines. Furthermore, they exhibited bactericidal activity against fish pathogenic bacteria and antioxidant properties. The results suggest the potential use of okra extracts as an alternative to chemical compounds in aquaculture.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Chaves-Pozo, Alberto Cuesta
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Diana Martin, M. Camino Ordas, Ines Carvalho, Patricia Diaz-Rosales, Noelia Nunez-Ortiz, Samuel Vicente-Gil, Aitor Arrogante, Carlos Zarza, Marina Machado, Benjamin Costas, Carolina Tafalla
Summary: This study investigates the effects of methionine, tryptophan, and lysine on the functionality of rainbow trout IgM(+) B cells. The results show that methionine supplementation significantly increases cell proliferation and IgM secretion, while tryptophan and lysine have minor or even negative effects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Javier Mayor, Alberto Cuesta, Cristobal Espinosa-Ruiz, M. Angeles Esteban
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Astaxanthin (AX) on various fish pathogenic bacteria and fish cell lines. The results showed that AX had different effects on different bacteria and cell lines, providing valuable insights into the mechanism of action of AX in aquaculture.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2023)
