Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Huipu Gao, A. Shawn Deaton, Xiaomeng Fang, Roger L. Barker, Emiel DenHartog, Kyle Watson
Summary: Solar radiation is a major factor in heat loss through firefighter turnout fabric materials. The color of the outer shell, presence of soot and fire-ground contaminants affect the heat exchange. Efficient turnout cleaning practices are important to reduce heat strain on firefighters.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Weiguang An, Song Li, Xiangwei Yin, Lujun Peng
Summary: Experimental study on the combustion and fire safety of energy conservation materials (XPS) in vertical channels of building facades reveals the effects of channel structure factors and curtain wall coverage rates on flame spread rates. A model is established to predict flame spread rates under different conditions, with prediction errors smaller than 10%. Larger flame heights and spread rates correspond to higher fire hazards. This research is beneficial for assessing fire safety of building insulation materials and optimizing the design of energy-saving curtain walls.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Y. Ding, T. Liu, Y. Jiang, J. Zhou, Z. Zhou, J. Sun, J. Peng
Summary: In this study, inorganic porous materials with low thermal conductivity and high flame resistance were fabricated from sodium titanate nanobelts, showing great potential for applications in fire-proof fabrics, high-temperature gas filtration, and heat insulation interlayers.
MATERIALS TODAY NANO
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yun Su, Miao Tian, Jun Li, Xianghui Zhang, Peijia Zhao
Summary: This study examines the effect of heat and moisture transfer on steam burn in a coupled thermal hazardous environment. A coupled model on heat and moisture transfer is proposed and validated through experiments. The model accurately predicts the skin temperature and steam burn in the coupled thermal environment. The primary cause of skin burn in dry heat exposure is radiant heat transfer, while the existence of hot steam reduces radiant and conductive heat transfer. In wet heat exposure, the primary cause of skin burn is moisture phase change on the skin surface.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ahmed Ghazy
Summary: The movement pattern of firefighters during fire exposure has a remarkable influence on the protective performance of firefighting suits. This study numerically investigates the influence of reducing radiation heat transfer between layers of the suit and from the suit to the body on the protective performance for different movement patterns. The results show that reducing the emissivity of any layer's backside surface improves the suit's protective performance, with the emissivity reduction of the thermal liner layer having the highest effect.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Diogo Cunha, Raul Fangueiro, Joao Bessa, Conceicao Paiva, Daniel Ribeiro, Elisabete Silva, Dionisio Silveira, Delfim Soares, Candida Vilarinho
Summary: This study aims to develop and test different combinations of fibers arranged in various patterns with coatings. Fiberglass proves to be the best material for thermal resistance in fire curtains. Shape memory material (SMM) wires provide good protection initially, but suffer from sudden failure due to excessive deformation and reduced strength of the fabric. Basalt fibers contribute to reducing smoke production.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lu Chen, Te-Huan Liu, Xiangze Wang, Yandong Wang, Xiwei Cui, Qingwei Yan, Le Lv, Junfeng Ying, Jingyao Gao, Meng Han, Jinhong Yu, Chengyi Song, Jinwei Gao, Rong Sun, Chen Xue, Nan Jiang, Tao Deng, Kazuhito Nishimura, Ronggui Yang, Cheng-Te Lin, Wen Dai
Summary: The rapid development of highly integrated microelectronic devices leads to a demand for advanced thermally conductive adhesives (TCAs) to solve the issue of heat transfer. Metal nanoflakes with a natural 2D structure and isotropic thermal conductivity are promising fillers for high-performance TCAs. However, achieving TCAs with thermal conductivity over 10 W m(-1) K-1 at filler content below 30 vol% remains challenging. This study introduces a top-down strategy to prepare 2D Ag nanoflakes with an intrinsic thermal conductivity of 398.2 W m(-1) K-1, reaching 93% of the theoretical value, and demonstrates their superior heat transfer efficiency in microelectronic cooling performance evaluations.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Huipu Gao, Anthoney Shawn Deaton, Xiaomeng Fang, Kyle Watson, Emiel A. DenHartog, Roger Barker
Summary: The research showed that the evaporative resistance of microporous moisture barrier systems in firefighter protective suits is independent of environmental conditions, but absorbed moisture significantly affects evaporative heat loss through semi-permeable moisture barriers. Additionally, higher environmental temperatures or humidity levels can significantly increase water vapor transmission in semi-permeable turnout systems.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Meredith McQuerry, Cassandra Kwon, Madeline Poley-Bogan
Summary: Despite the growing number of female firefighters, their firefighting gear is designed for males, leading to issues of improper fit and higher injury rates. This research aimed to improve the comfort, mobility, and safety of female firefighters by addressing fit and sizing problems in their personal protective clothing (PPC). A mixed methods approach was used, including a nationwide questionnaire, focus groups, and body scanning of 189 female firefighters. Results showed that a significant percentage of female firefighters intentionally do not wear certain parts of their PPC, and interface areas and wildland PPC have the most potential for design and fit improvement. This study established the first and largest anthropometric database for female firefighters in the US, highlighting the safety risks associated with ill-fitting PPC.
FRONTIERS IN MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anica Hursa Sajatovic, Sandra Flincec Grgac, Daniela Zavec
Summary: This study investigates the clothing system for protection against heat and flame using a fire manikin and analyzes the damage caused after testing. The results show that the examined clothing system provides effective protection to users and reduces the risk to their health and life.
Article
Thermodynamics
Tisha Dixit, Perumal Nithiarasu, S. Kumar
Summary: Utilizing additive manufacturing techniques, adjusting architectural characteristics of lattice materials has led to the development of various lattice heat sink fins to meet high heat dissipation requirements and structural needs. The study reveals that polymer-based architected heat sinks perform closely to metallic counterparts on a per unit mass basis, and some lattice structures exhibit better thermal performance than microchannel and open-cell foam heat sinks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yeongju Jung, Minwoo Kim, Taegyeom Kim, Jiyong Ahn, Jinwoo Lee, Seung Hwan Ko
Summary: This paper reviews the recent progress of functional materials and devices that contribute to thermoregulatory wearables, particularly emphasizing the strategic methodology to regulate body temperature. The research has found that heat transfer can be impeded by using thermally insulating materials with extremely low thermal conductivity or directly cooling and heating the skin surface. The studies are classified into passive and active thermal management modes and further subdivided into specific strategies.
NANO-MICRO LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Q. Mi, S. H. Yi, D. D. Gang, X. G. Lu, X. L. Liu
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements and key technical problems in transpiration cooling in the aerospace field, including the development of porous materials and transpiration flow mechanisms. It also highlights important experimental research and typical applications of transpiration cooling, and analyzes current challenges and future research directions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
David J. S. Pereira, Carlos Viegas, Miguel R. O. Panao
Summary: This article develops a one-dimensional heat transfer model to predict the temperature distribution of an aluminium-coated thermal barrier, considering radiant and convective heat fluxes. The model is validated numerically and experimentally.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chunyu Zhu, Chengzhi Zhao, Zihe Chen, Ruijie Zhu, Nan Sheng, Zhonghao Rao
Summary: The study developed a novel 3D porous carbon scaffold consisting of SiC-wrapped biomass carbon fibers to enhance the thermal conductivity and shape stability of paraffin PCM, resulting in improved heat transfer and anti-leakage properties of the composite materials.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
