Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
X. Lu, H. Blanton, T. Gifford, A. Tucker, N. Olderman
Summary: Occupants in building fires often face difficulties evacuating safely, and providing guidance can assist them in choosing proper escape routes. This study demonstrates that optimized guidance is effective in alleviating congestion and improving evacuation efficiency, while also conducting a sensitivity analysis on the different impacts of psychological factors.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics
Kunxiang Deng, Qingyong Zhang, Hang Zhang, Peng Xiao, Jiahua Chen
Summary: This research proposes a dynamic route optimization method based on the improved A* algorithm for the emergency evacuation of cruise ships in case of sudden fire. It establishes a basic network topology diagram and utilizes the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to simulate the dynamic diffusion of fire and its impact on the evacuation network. The improved A* algorithm is then used to plan the evacuation route based on the fire dynamic diffusion data, aiming to reduce evacuation time and improve safety.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Gaurav Parajuli, Shankar Neupane, Sandeep Kunwar, Ramesh Adhikari, Tri Dev Acharya
Summary: Floods are a frequent and devastating disaster in Nepal. This study provides a comprehensive mapping of flood susceptibility and evacuation routes in the Siraha Municipality of Nepal, utilizing GIS and AHP. The study identifies areas highly susceptible to floods and selects assembly points for evacuation within those areas. Emergency shelters are chosen in safe zones to accommodate a maximum number of people. The study also proposes optimal evacuation routes based on walking speed and analyzes possible areas for additional shelter placement. It can be valuable for flood risk assessment, early warning system planning, and efficient evacuation planning.
ISPRS INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEO-INFORMATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Roxana Herschelman, Ahmad Qutbuddin, KwangSoo Yang
Summary: The study focuses on Conflict-Free Evacuation Route Planning to minimize evacuation time and address public emergencies. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can generate evacuation routes without movement conflicts.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Felipe De Souza, Marjan Mosslemi
Summary: In this study, the researchers replicate the Capacity Drop (CD) phenomenon using microscopic models and find that including cooperative lane-changing behavior is critical for successful replication. Sensitivity analysis shows that slower acceleration rate and higher ramp demand lead to decreased bottleneck throughput.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Bingyao Li, Jingming Hou, Yongyong Ma, Ganggang Bai, Tian Wang, Guoxin Xu, Binzhong Wu, Yongbao Jiao
Summary: This study proposes a shortest evacuation path planning algorithm considering evacuable areas and human instability during floods. Using the Morpeth flood event in 2008 as a case study, it shows that the algorithm can achieve shortest route planning with multiple starting and ending points at the microscale. The findings are significant for flood risk management and emergency evacuation research.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Dong Li Gao, Eric Wai Ming Lee, Yin Yin Lee
Summary: The efficiency of an evacuation system is crucial in reducing fatalities caused by natural or man-made disasters. Researchers have integrated cumulative prospect theory (CPT) with cellular automata (CA) model to simulate evacuation patterns and times more realistically. The combination of CPT-CA model has shown promising results in providing near realistic evacuation scenarios and can be useful for logistical planning in evacuation design and emergency risk management.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Simon Fischer, Christian Schranz, Harald Urban, Daniel Pfeiffer
Summary: This study presents a semi-automated escape route analysis method for building code checking. By using the dataset of BIM and a novel indoor navigation model, it is possible to generate possible escape routes and validate the selected routes, which has the potential to improve escape route planning and checking process for designers and building authorities.
AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION
(2023)
Article
Economics
Youngchul Shin, Ilkyeong Moon
Summary: Rapid urbanization has led to social problems, one of which is high population density in buildings such as commercial buildings or mega-malls. During emergencies, it is necessary to establish proper evacuation plans to minimize casualties. However, previous research has overlooked the possibility of further collapse in specific areas or routes within the building. In this study, we propose a robust evacuation planning problem based on a dynamic network flow model, taking into account the potential collapse of a building.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PLANNING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Hsin-Chung Huang, Chih-Min Chao
Summary: This paper proposes an evacuation route-planning algorithm based on predictions of future traffic conditions, which can complete evacuations 18% faster than the current best system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AD HOC AND UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Lei Lyu, Chen Pang, Jihua Wang
Summary: Safety evacuation signs (SESs) are crucial in guiding people during emergencies. This study proposes an innovative crowd simulation method that incorporates SESs in a virtual environment to determine feasible and efficient routes for evacuation. Extensive simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in different scenarios and the reasonableness of SES placement. Our system runs at interactive rates and can solve complex planning problems involving multiple groups.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Chun Hsion Lim, Zi Hooi Cheah, Xi Him Lee, Bing Shen How, Wendy Pei Qin Ng, Sue Lin Ngan, Steven Lim, Hon Loong Lam
Summary: The paper examines sustainability issues in the oil palm plantation industry, presenting a mathematical model to determine the shortest harvest route. The vertical rectangular plantation layout was found to significantly reduce travel distance, providing a critical solution for small agricultural enterprises.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yiquan Song, Lei Niu, Pengfei Liu, Yi Li
Summary: In the event of building fires, a safe and effective evacuation route is crucial for minimizing casualties. An indoor network model based on indoor space is designed to analyze fire protection design and evacuation time, while an evacuation route selection algorithm considers hazards and time to determine the optimal routes. Case modelling and fire information integration are conducted to identify the best evacuation routes over time in different fire scenarios.
INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Guan-Yuan Wu, Masayuki Mizuno, Seongkyung Park
Summary: The main aim of this study is to investigate the numerical analysis of phased evacuation and validate the feasibility of high-rise buildings using the control volume model. The numerical results are in good agreement with the fire drill data, indicating the applicability of the control volume model for phased evacuation in high-rise buildings. Comparing the results of phased evacuation and total building evacuation provides further understanding of the transient situations of internal participants during phased evacuation.
INDOOR AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ningyezi Peng, Yuliang Xi, Jinmeng Rao, Xiangyuan Ma, Fu Ren
Summary: This paper introduces a multiple route dynamic programming model to address urban route planning issues with traffic flow information. The model utilizes the DP algorithm to design a reward function, generate multiple routes, and undergo testing on real road networks, demonstrating the potential to efficiently produce optimal results. Integration of the distance contribution index in the reward function is highlighted for its advantages in mitigating congestion drift.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Elvezia M. Cepolina, Alessandro Farina, Catherine Holloway, Nick Tyler
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Transportation
Elvezia M. Cepolina, Alessandro Farina
EUROPEAN TRANSPORT RESEARCH REVIEW
(2015)
Article
Transportation
Elvezia M. Cepolina, Alessandro Farina
EUROPEAN TRANSPORT RESEARCH REVIEW
(2015)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Elvezia M. Cepolina, Alessandro Farina
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART C-EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2012)
Article
Transportation
Elvezia M. Cepolina, Alessandro Farina
EUROPEAN TRANSPORT RESEARCH REVIEW
(2014)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ilaria Giusti, Elvezia Maria Cepolina, Edoardo Cangialosi, Donato Aquaro, Gabriella Caroti, Andrea Piemonte
COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
(2019)
Proceedings Paper
Pediatrics
Elvezia M. Cepolina, Alessandro Farina
SIDT SCIENTIFIC SEMINAR 2013
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Civil
EM Cepolina
CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
(2005)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
EA Cepolina, N Tyler
TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND TECHNOLOGY
(2004)
Article
Psychology, Applied
Elvezia M. Cepolina, Federico Menichini, Paloma Gonzalez Rojas
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART F-TRAFFIC PSYCHOLOGY AND BEHAVIOUR
(2018)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Rezia Molfino, Matteo Zoppi, Giovanni Gerardo Muscolo, Elvezia M. Cepolina, Alessandro Farina, Fawzi Nashashibi, Evangeline Pollard, Jose Antonio Dominguez
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICLES
(2015)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Tarek Beji, Bouaza Lafdal, Rabah Mehaddi
Summary: The paper presents experimental measurements of transient profiles of burning rates and liquid temperatures in methanol and heptane pool fires. The results suggest significant enhancement in heat transfer due to convective motion within the liquid. Additionally, a two-zone approach for the thermal structure within the liquid has been proposed and will be implemented in a numerical code.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Walter Klein-Hessling
Summary: Fire simulations and analytical validation approaches are becoming increasingly important in the fire safety assessment of nuclear power plants. The COCOSYS code has been improved to better simulate cable fires and has been validated through experiments. It provides a set of input parameters for different ventilation conditions.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Bing Wu, Yu Meng, Yongzheng Yao, Baiwei Lei, Jingxin Wang, Junjie Zhai
Summary: Underground laneway fires have a throttling effect on ventilation systems and the amount of CO produced by combustion is significantly influenced by ventilation conditions.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Ahmad Hassan, Gilbert Accary, Duncan Sutherland, Khalid Moinuddin
Summary: Numerical simulations were conducted to study laboratory-scale junction fires with a shrub fuel bed under different unidirectional wind conditions on various terrain slopes and junction angles. The results showed that the decrease in junction angle enhanced fire spread, and the impact of wind speed on fire behavior depended on the intermediate values of the junction angle. The driving heat transfer mode in junction fires varied based on the presence of wind and slope conditions.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Samuel Vaux, Emeline Georges, Hugues Pretrel
Summary: This study investigates an elevated pool fire scenario in a confined and forced ventilated compartment through both experimental and numerical methods. The objective is to enhance the understanding of the phenomena and evaluate the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) capabilities in this configuration. The comparison between large-scale fire tests and numerical simulations reveals differences in fuel mass loss rate and thermal stratifications between elevated and ground fires. The study also highlights the limitations of the predictive approach commonly used for ground fires when applied to elevated fires.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mira von der Linde, Meinald T. Thielsch
Summary: This study investigates the motivation, emotions, and value of laypeople in fire incidents and finds that their active involvement provides support. The findings are helpful for emergency managers.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Hong-Zeng Yu, Xiangyang Zhou
Summary: This study conducted fire tests to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating nitrogen to enhance the fire extinguishing capability of water mist in an obstructed, naturally-ventilated enclosure. The results showed that adding nitrogen did improve the water mist's fire extinguishing capability, although the extent of improvement varied depending on the fire size, obstruction, and ventilation conditions.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Rosaria Ono, Marcos Vargas Valentim, Fulvio Vittorino
Summary: This study presents the analysis of unimpeded walking speed of primary school children in descending movement in stairs, including the differences on walking speeds on the flights and landings and the impact of anthropo-metrical data on their walking speed. The research aimed to provide data for evacuation modelling that is not influenced by factors like crowds or adults controlling the flow. The findings show that anthropometrical characteristics or age do not significantly affect the children's movement in free walking condition, and the reduction factor on flights for children is higher than commonly adopted in simulation models.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Nicolas Correa, Juan Cuevas, Andres Fuentes, Jose Luis Torero, Pedro Reszka
Summary: The use of mass timber framing in high-rise buildings requires accurate structural fire performance calculations. A thermal model incorporating char oxidation is proposed in this study, and its effectiveness is validated by replicating experimental results. However, the model fails to accurately simulate the behavior during the later stages of surface combustion.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Bouaza Lafdal, Rabah Mehaddi, Pascal Boulet, Elmehdi Koutaiba, Tarek Beji
Summary: This paper presents a series of 48 enclosure fire experiments conducted in a 1.40 m cubic compartment. A new oscillatory combustion regime is discovered, characterized by alternations between well-ventilated and under-ventilated conditions. This finding calls for a better understanding and further analysis of the underlying physics.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Shenggang Fan, Xingyang Zheng, Jiacheng Zheng, Meijing Liu, Daoyang Dong
Summary: Based on experimental data and constitutive models, a simplified constitutive model of AISI304 stainless steel at high temperatures was proposed and analyzed in this study. Finite element analysis results showed that the simplified constitutive model produced acceptable results compared to the constitutive model fitted based on experimental data, indicating its feasibility and accuracy in calculating the fire resistance of specimens.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Julian E. Mendez, Martyn S. McLaggan, David Lange
Summary: The study characterised the fire spread dynamics in a simplified ventilated facade by conducting parametric experiments. The results showed a strong relationship between flame height and heat release rate. It was also found that the time for encapsulation failure and subsequent cladding material core ignition decreased as the cavity width was reduced. The study highlights the importance of considering the interaction of the products used in the facade and its geometry for the design of facade assemblies when accounting for the fire performance of the system.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
A. Galgano, C. Di Blasi
Summary: A sensitivity analysis was conducted on a one-dimensional solid-gas model for the ignition of thick poly (methyl methacrylate). The study found that the kinetics of polymer decomposition and monomer combustion play a crucial role in ignition time, and the properties of the polymer and the decomposition atmosphere should be properly considered.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Thomas Gernay
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the application of the Performance-Based Design approach in structural fire design. The value of the approach is demonstrated through case studies, and the process and role of the structural fire engineer are described. Recent research conducted at Johns Hopkins University, including issues such as the coupling between fire and thermal-structural models, characterization of material behavior at elevated temperature, numerical modeling of structures in fire, probabilistic risk assessment, and cost-benefit analyses, is discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of challenges and future perspectives for performance-based structural fire design.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Salman Ahmad, Hafiz Usman Ahmed, Asad Ali, Xinyi Yang, Ying Huang, Mingwei Guo, Yihao Ren, Pan Lu
Summary: This study investigates the driving behavior patterns of individuals during historical wildfire events and reveals the influence of driving conditions and wildfires on driving behavior, as well as the differences in driving behavior patterns between rural and urban areas.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2024)