Review
Food Science & Technology
Ankush P. Shirsath, Maeve M. Henchion
Summary: The red meat industry generates large quantities of offal and meat co-products, which can pose a threat to the environment and human health if not properly managed. However, there are opportunities to create various products from these materials, such as food, pharmaceuticals, and animal feed. Capitalizing on these opportunities will require demonstration, industrial-scale development, and changes to industry practices to create a circular bio-economy model with positive economic, environmental, and social impacts.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Lauren Le Page, Cynthia L. Baldwin, Janice C. Telfer
Summary: Understanding the structure and function of γδT cells in the immune system of pigs is crucial for vaccine optimization. γδT cells have the potential to recognize a variety of antigens and play important regulatory roles in immune responses.
DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Anastasia N. Vlasova, Linda J. Saif
Summary: Coronaviruses have a complex RNA genome and can infect a wide range of mammalian and avian species, causing diverse diseases. Bovine CoVs, associated with calf diarrhea, winter dysentery, and shipping fever, exist as quasispecies and have been identified in various domestic and wild ruminant species.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Eimear Cleary, Martin Boudou, Patricia Garvey, Coilin Oh'Aiseadha, Paul McKeown, Jean O'Dwyer, Paul Hynds
Summary: The Republic of Ireland has the highest annual incidence rates of STEC enteritis in the European Union, mainly affecting children aged 0-5 years and associated with serogroups O26 and O157. The study identified 17 space-time clusters of infection, with recurrent clustering in three distinct geographic regions in rural areas, providing important information for targeted epidemiologic interventions and surveillance.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Brent Pepin, Todd Williams, Dale Polson, Phillip Gauger, Scott Dee
Summary: Composting preprocessed swine carcasses is a safe and feasible option for mass disposal of infected carcasses, reducing pathogen levels and environmental contamination risks under adverse weather conditions.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Jackson Vasconcelos, Maria dos Anjos Pires, Anabela Alves, Madalena Vieira-Pinto, Cristina Saraiva, Luis Cardoso
Summary: Given the limited information on neoplasms in domestic ruminants, this study aimed to systematically review the literature to determine the occurrence, type, and affected organs of neoplasms in cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs. The results showed that cattle were the most affected species and that the integumentary system was the most affected organ system. Squamous cell carcinomas were the most common neoplasms in ruminants, while melanoma was the most common in pigs. More studies are needed to investigate economic losses associated with carcass condemnation.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hu Sun, Yang Chen, Shasha Zou, Jiaen Ren, Yurui Chang, Zihan Wang, Anthea Coster
Summary: This paper describes and releases a global TEC map database, constructed and completed based on the Madrigal TEC database with a novel video imputation algorithm called VISTA. The complete TEC maps reveal important large-scale TEC structures and preserve the observed meso-scale structures. Discussions on the computational costs and fine tuning of the adopted algorithm are provided, along with potential usages of the complete TEC database and a concrete example of its application.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bin Zhang, Deling Shi, Mengmeng Li, Feng Shi, Lianli Chi
Summary: Heparin is a widely used anticoagulant extracted from animal tissues, with porcine intestine mucosa being the main legal source. Differentiating heparins derived from porcine, ovine, and bovine is challenging, especially when ruminant heparin is adulterated into porcine heparin. This study establishes a quantitative mass spectrometry method to selectively monitor marker saccharides, allowing for the differentiation of porcine heparin adulterated with low amounts of ruminant heparin, ensuring the authenticity and safety of heparin drugs.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
William Michelon, Marcio Luis Busi da Silva, Alexandre Matthiensen, Evandro Silva, Eduardo Jorge Pilau, Estela de Oliveira Nunes, Hugo Moreira Soares
Summary: This study investigated the antimicrobial effects of solvent extracts from Chlorella spp. grown in open pond reactors using swine wastewater as substrate. The extracts showed bacteriostatic activity against gram-positive and multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria, with minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 mg mL-1. The presence of 23 phytochemicals with recognized antimicrobial properties in the extracts suggests potential for further exploration in treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria pathogens.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jamie L. Stewart, Liying Gao, Jodi A. Flaws, Vitor R. G. Mercadante, Nicholas W. Dias, Igor F. Canisso, Fabio S. Lima
Summary: This study assessed the direct effects of purified bovine NGF on steroidogenesis and angiogenic markers in the bovine pre-ovulatory follicle. The results showed that NGF can stimulate testosterone production in the follicle wall cells and accelerate the cellular remodeling that occurs during early luteal development.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
E. C. Kessler, R. M. Bruckmaier, J. J. Gross
Summary: The study compared the quality estimation of colostrum in cows, goats, and sheep using an optical Brix refractometer. Despite distinct between-species variations in colostrum composition, Brix refractometry proved to be an acceptable tool for on-farm estimations of colostrum quality in goats and sheep.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abdelfattah Selim, Hanem Khater, Hamdan Almohammed
Summary: The study found that the prevalence rate of Neospora caninum among sheep in Egypt was 8.6%, with significant increases associated with age, contact with dogs, and pregnancy status. However, location, season, and pregnancy status did not have a significant impact on the infection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biology
Tiantian Ke, Mengyu Zhao, Xiaoan Zhang, Yao Cheng, Yiming Sun, Penghui Wang, Chunhuan Ren, Xiao Cheng, Zijun Zhang, Yafeng Huang
Summary: The growth rate, carcass attributes, and meat quality traits of small ruminants are influenced by various factors, with the feeding system being one of the most important. This review evaluates the differences in how different feeding systems affect the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of sheep and goats, and explores the effects of a new finishing strategy on these traits.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Siquan Xia, Lina Zhang, Yiqian Zhang, Hongyang Han, Yanmei Hou, Tong Wu, Peng Zhou
Summary: This study purified bovine lactoferrin (BLF), caprine lactoferrin (CLF), and ovine lactoferrin (OLF) using ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography. The effects of iron saturation on the physicochemical properties of lactoferrins were investigated. The results showed that iron saturation influenced the tertiary structure of lactoferrins, while the species did not affect the secondary structure. Increasing iron saturation enhanced the thermal stability of lactoferrins. These findings provide valuable information for the production and application of lactoferrins.
Review
Parasitology
James Rooney, Holly M. Northcote, Tim L. Williams, Alba Cortes, Cinzia Cantacessi, Russell M. Morphew
Summary: Infections by GI helminths are associated with changes in the microbial communities of the gut. Helminth-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a key role in the interaction between helminths and the gut microbiota. Understanding these mechanisms can lead to the discovery of new parasite control strategies and potentially aid in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Colin M. Potter, Gareth Rhys Jones, Simon Barnes, David L. Jones
Summary: Fatty acids play crucial roles in cell functions and human health, and the GC-APCI-IMS-TOF-MS technique allows for efficient and accurate quantification of fatty acids, enhancing identification and quantification confidence.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xiaodan Sun, Yuqian Ye, Qingwei Guan, Davey L. Jones
Summary: Organic mulching is an effective forest management technique that improves the soil environment and promotes plant growth, but its effects on the rhizosphere interaction between roots and soil are not fully understood. The experiment showed that organic mulching has significant impacts on most enzyme activities and carbon and nitrogen fractions, with seasons playing a more significant role in influencing these interactions.
JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
D. M. McKay Fletcher, S. A. Ruiz, T. Dias, D. R. Chadwick, D. L. Jones, T. Roose
Summary: Synchronizing fertilizer timings with both crop N demand and local weather patterns can significantly enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in cropping systems. The optimal timing of nitrogen application varies with rainfall patterns, and the mobility of nitrogen in soil also affects plant nitrogen uptake.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Limnology
Francesca L. Brailsford, Helen C. Glanville, Miles R. Marshall, Christopher A. Yates, Alun T. Owen, Peter N. Golyshin, Penny J. Johnes, Davey L. Jones
Summary: Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of carbon-containing compounds, and the turnover rates of low-molecular weight (LMW) fraction can be extremely high in aquatic ecosystems. Microbial uptake of different DOM compounds in river waters is influenced by nutrient enrichment, with nitrogen and phosphorus levels affecting the biodegradation of DOM components. Land cover type significantly impacts the use of DOM as a resource, controlling nutrient enrichment within catchments.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Bruna Arruda, Paul B. L. George, Agnes Robin, Denise de L. C. Mescolotti, Wilfrand F. B. Herrera, Davey L. Jones, Fernando D. Andreote
Summary: The study found that the structure of the soil microbiome influences the root colonization of AMF in plants, with different plant species being affected to varying degrees.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Weili Ding, Zhen Li, Ruimin Qi, Davey L. Jones, Qiuyun Liu, Qin Liu, Changrong Yan
Summary: The study found that microplastic concentration, rather than plastic type, is more important in regulating earthworm responses to soil contamination, with a critical threshold for microplastic contamination at 40 g kg(-1), leading to earthworm avoidance behavior. Both biodegradable materials (PLA and PPC) showed no significant difference in biotoxicity compared to PE.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Briony Jones, Tim Goodall, Paul B. L. George, Hyun S. Gweon, Jeremy Puissant, Daniel S. Read, Bridget A. Emmett, David A. Robinson, Davey L. Jones, Robert Griffiths
Summary: High-throughput sequencing 16S rRNA gene surveys have provided new insights into soil bacterial diversity and ecological drivers of abundances. This study created a comprehensive soil-specific 16S reference database using data from a nationwide survey, and used hierarchical logistic regression models to analyze taxon responses to soil pH. The results showed non-flat relationships between soil OTUs and pH, with pH optima not generalizable by broad taxonomy, emphasizing the need for tools synthesizing ecological traits at finer taxonomic resolution.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Paul B. L. George, David B. Fidler, Joy D. Van Nostrand, Jonathan A. Atkinson, Sacha J. Mooney, Simon Creer, Robert Griffiths, James E. McDonald, David A. Robinson, Davey L. Jones
Summary: Long-term carbon deprivation in soils led to reduced diversity measures, particularly impacting fungi. Functional gene copies also decreased after 10 years, although some related to decomposing recalcitrant carbon and methanogenesis increased. Unexpectedly, pore connectivity increased after 10 years of carbon deprivation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Fiona M. Seaton, Sabine Reinsch, Tim Goodall, Nicola White, Davey L. Jones, Robert I. Griffiths, Simon Creer, Andy Smith, Bridget A. Emmett, David A. Robinson
Summary: The study found significant changes in soil microbial communities in response to long-term climate manipulation, likely influenced by soil pH and electrical conductivity. Changes in microbial communities were more pronounced after an extended period of climate treatment, especially in deeper soil layers. Shifts in plant cover played a key role in influencing the microbial communities, particularly through impacts on soil physicochemical properties like pH.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Matthew J. Wade, Anna Lo Jacomo, Elena Armenise, Mathew R. Brown, Joshua T. Bunce, Graeme J. Cameron, Zhou Fang, Kata Farkas, Deidre F. Gilpin, David W. Graham, Jasmine M. S. Grimsley, Alwyn Hart, Till Hoffmann, Katherine J. Jackson, David L. Jones, Chris J. Lilley, John W. McGrath, Jennifer M. McKinley, Cormac McSparron, Behnam F. Nejad, Mario Morvan, Marcos Quintela-Baluja, Adrian M. I. Roberts, Andrew C. Singer, Celia Souque, Vanessa L. Speight, Chris Sweetapple, David Walkers, Glenn Watts, Andrew Weightman, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented pressure on global public health resources, prompting the development of National wastewater surveillance programmes in the UK to monitor the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This work highlights the unique importance of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) for public health protection, with potential value beyond COVID-19 for monitoring a range of health markers.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Stephanie J. Dancer, Yuguo Li, Alwyn Hart, Julian W. Tang, Davey L. Jones
Summary: Public toilets and bathrooms may serve as key contact points for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, with mechanisms including aerosol inhalation, airborne transmission, and fomite transmission. Factors such as heavy use, poor ventilation, and maintenance issues can increase the risk of infection.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Emilia L. Horn, Emily C. Cooledge, Davey L. Jones, Frances C. Hoyle, Francesca L. Brailsford, Daniel Murphy
Summary: The leaching of base cations in acidic soils can lead to deficiencies in calcium and magnesium, impacting microbial cell function. Addition of base cations in highly acidic soils was found to significantly increase microbial CUE and microbial biomass carbon, aiding microbial growth and enhancing carbon sequestration.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Jessica P. Q. Barcelos, Eduardo Mariano, Davey L. Jones, Ciro A. Rosolem
Summary: Alleviation of subsoil acidity with lime or gypsum can increase carbon accumulation in deep layers by stimulating root growth and C and N inputs, but the effects on soil CO2 emissions are still controversial. The addition of soil corrective and N fertilizer does not significantly affect Mic(CUE), particularly in the subsoil.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Liang Wei, Tida Ge, Zhenke Zhu, Rongzhong Ye, Josep Penuelas, Yuhong Li, Tin Mar Lynn, Davey L. Jones, Jinshui Wu, Yakov Kuzyakov
Summary: Research shows that microbial biomass content in paddy soils is higher than in upland soils due to factors such as higher root C input by rice plants, lower oxygen availability, higher microbial C assimilation efficiency, and additional C stabilization on iron (oxyhydr)oxides in paddy soils. Despite higher temperatures and better water availability, microbial turnover is slower in paddy soils due to oxygen limitation, leading to nearly double the microbial biomass content compared to upland soils.
AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Review
Agronomy
Antonius G. T. Schut, Emily C. Cooledge, Marc Moraine, Gerrie W. J. Van de Ven, Davey L. Jones, David R. Chadwick
Summary: The ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides economic benefits to farmers but also increases the externalization of environmental costs. Better integration of these systems can rebalance economic and environmental trade-offs, reducing nutrient surpluses and improving soil quality.
FRONTIERS OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)