Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Citlali Alejandra Marin-Flores, Odin Rodriguez-Nava, Margarita Garcia-Hernandez, Rosario Ruiz-Guerrero, Fernando Juarez-Lopez, Angel de Jesus Morales-Ramirez
Summary: ZnO particles were synthesized and their free radical scavenging activity properties were evaluated in this study. The results showed that the scavenging activity increased with smaller particle size and lower ZnO dosage. A pseudo-first-order kinetics model may be present in the reaction.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Subash Reddy Kolan, Rui Wang, Torsten Hoffmann, Evangelos Tsotsas
Summary: This study investigates the formation of heteroaggregates from sub-micron particles in ProCell type spouted bed equipment. The high inlet air velocities in the special spouted bed can promote aggregate breakage and rearrangement. The mixing of sub-micron sized particles is achieved at the sub-agglomerate level, as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS).
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Beatrice Russo, Emma Piacentini, Fabio Bazzarelli, Gabriele Calderoni, Paolo Vacca, Alberto Figoli, Lidietta Giorno
Summary: Ionotropic gelation (IG) is an attractive method for synthesizing water-soluble polymeric nanoparticles and sub-micron particles. The technique relies on the electrostatic interaction between ionic species of opposite charge. However, achieving size control in conventional bench-top processes is challenging. This study explores the combination of membrane dispersion technology with IG as a scalable method for producing chitosan sub-micron particles.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kim Berghaus, Rouven Essig, Yonit Hochberg, Yutaro Shoji, Mukul Sholapurkar
Summary: This study investigates the scattering of high-energy photons from radioactive contaminants in solid-state target materials and their impact on the low-energy background for sub-GeV dark matter direct-detection searches. The results show that this background is most noticeable for energy deposits in the 1-100 meV range and requires active measures to suppress it.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rugang Geng, Adrian Mena, William J. Pappas, Dane R. McCamey
Summary: Researchers have developed an integrated OLED-based solid-state sensor for magnetic field imaging, which offers high sensitivity and spatial resolution, providing a new option for magnetic field sensing.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Maitreyi Sangal, Christoph H. Keitel, Matteo Tamburini
Summary: The study demonstrates that the elastic scattering of two real photons can be detectable by colliding extreme ultraviolet pulses with broadband gamma-ray radiation in an asymmetric photon-photon collider setup using state-of-the-art facilities. This technique not only investigates elastic photon-photon scattering, but also allows exploration of new physics beyond the standard model through the coupling of photons to yet undetected particles.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Broilo, D. A. Fagundes, E. G. S. Luna, M. Pelaez
Summary: The LHC's precise measurements of elastic proton-proton scattering provide unique constraints on the scattering amplitude at high energies. Recent reanalyses of the data show different central values for some forward quantities, but the introduction of correlation information between the original and reanalyzed data sets allows for a more comprehensive analysis. By carefully treating correlated errors and determining parameters of the soft Pomeron, the stage is set for describing forward data with amplitudes dominated by crossing-even terms.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jose Beltran Jimenez, Adria Delhom, Gonzalo J. Olmo, Emanuele Orazi
Summary: By establishing a correspondence between general relativity and metric-affine theories, stringent constraints are set on the free parameter of Born-Infeld gravity and its compatibility with matter within an effective field theory framework is discussed.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fan Zhang, Renjie Ji, Xiaoyang Zhu, Hongke Li, Yating Wang, Jingpeng Wang, Fei Wang, Hongbo Lan
Summary: This study proposes a collaborative strategy based on defect induction and doping to prepare strain-regulated Pt-NiO@Ni sub-micron particles. These particles with tensile strain and Pt-doped can effectively optimize the electronic distribution of atomic structures in Pt and NiO on the surface, reducing the energy barrier of intermediates for ORR and OER. As a result, the Pt-NiO@Ni SP exhibits outstanding bifunctional catalytic activity and the Pt-NiO@Ni SP-based liquid zinc-air battery shows high open-circuit potential, excellent energy density, and favorable cyclic charge-discharge cycling durability. This work provides an innovative avenue for the rational construction of highly active bifunctional electrocatalysts for practical applications.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mingming Sun, Wei Guo, Meiyu Meng, Qiuyu Zhang
Summary: Benefitting from the tunable heterogeneous interface and electronic interaction, metal-polymer-based hybrid composites have attracted attention. The synthesis methodology and structure-performance relationship need to be improved. In this study, an anisotropic eccentric Ag@polyaniline (PANI) particle was successfully fabricated by resolving the dynamics issue in the Ag+-aniline reaction system. The study demonstrates the synergy mechanism of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and in-situ generated PANI for modifying the dynamic reaction interface and provides an inspiring concept of eccentric microstructure engineering.
CHINESE CHEMICAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Haili Sun, Wei Wei, Fengxia Liu, Xiaofei Xu, Zhiyi Li, Zhijun Liu
Summary: Sub-micron-sized LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) with uniform size distribution was successfully synthesized using oleylamine-assisted solid-state method. The LNMO sample modified by oleylamine exhibited improved electrochemical performance.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sen Gao, Sanghyun Hong, Soohyung Park, Hyun Young Jung, Wentao Liang, Yonghee Lee, Chi Won Ahn, Ji Young Byun, Juyeon Seo, Myung Gwan Hahm, Hyehee Kim, Kiwoong Kim, Yeonjin Yi, Hailong Wang, Moneesh Upmanyu, Sung-Goo Lee, Yoshikazu Homma, Humberto Terrones, Yung Joon Jung
Summary: Researchers have successfully synthesized highly dense and vertically aligned sub-5 nm silicon nanowires with unique lattice reduction and significant phonon and electronic confinement effects. The study provides insights into the chemistry and physics of highly confined silicon quantum nanostructures, and explores their potential applications in nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and energy systems.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jakob Hubner, Jean-Baptiste Coty, Yan Busby, Denis Spitzer
Summary: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and confocal Raman microscopy were used to analyze the structure and molecular arrangement of sub-micron furosemide/PVP particles produced by spray flash evaporation. The results showed that the particles mainly consisted of PVP molecules on the surface, with primary furosemide nanocrystals agglomerated in a thin PVP matrix. This combination of techniques was effective for investigating organic sub-micron composites.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Wonhyuk Jo, Rustam Rysov, Fabian Westermeier, Michael Walther, Leonard Mueller, Andre Philippi-Kobs, Matthias Riepp, Simon Marotzke, Irina Lokteva, Michael Sprung, Gerhard Gruebel, Wojciech Roseker
Summary: This paper presents a proof-of-principle study of three-dimensional photon correlation spectroscopy (3D PCS) in the hard X-ray regime. By employing an X-ray optical cross-correlator, the dynamics of silica colloidal nanoparticles dispersed in polypropylene glycol were measured. The obtained cross correlation functions showed excellent agreement with auto-correlation measurements. This demonstration lays the foundation for X-ray speckle-based studies of densely packed soft matter systems.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hongxia Zheng, Huajin Chen, Jack Ng, Zhifang Lin
Summary: The study explores the working mechanism of optical tweezers and the phenomenon of gradient force in an optical field, demonstrating that optical trapping of chiral particles can be achieved even in a homogeneous light intensity field, providing a new approach for particle chirality discrimination.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Judith Kleinheins, Alexei Kiselev, Alice Keinert, Matthias Kind, Thomas Leisner
Summary: The freezing process of supercooled water droplets is a dynamic event that can lead to pressure build-up and release, potentially generating secondary ice particles. Research shows that droplets freezing under free-fall conditions experience more frequent pressure release events, and that natural sea salt content does not inhibit pressure build-up inside freezing droplets.
JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Alice Keinert, Kathrin Deck, Tilia Gaedeke, Thomas Leisner, Alexei A. Kiselev
Summary: The crystallization of supercooled liquid water in natural environments begins with the nucleation of ice induced by a nucleation site. Mineral surfaces, including alkali feldspar, have been identified as active ice nucleation sites. The study finds that ice prefers to form on the surfaces of feldspar with (100) orientation, indicating that the same nucleation sites are responsible for both deposition freezing and immersion freezing.
FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hengheng Zhang, Frank Wagner, Harald Saathoff, Heike Vogel, Gholamali Hoshyaripour, Vanessa Bachmann, Jochen Foerstner, Thomas Leisner
Summary: The evolution and properties of a Saharan dust plume near Karlsruhe, Germany were studied using scanning LiDAR, a vertically pointing LiDAR, a sun photometer, and the transport model ICON-ART. The study discussed the advantages of scanning aerosol LiDAR and validated a method to determine LiDAR ratios independently. The measurements showed good agreement with previous studies and the transport model accurately predicted the plume's arrival time and structure. The work will be useful for future studies characterizing aerosol particles with scanning LiDARs.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Junwei Song, Harald Saathoff, Linyu Gao, Reiner Gebhardt, Feng Jiang, Magdalena Vallon, Jonas Bauer, Stefan Norra, Thomas Leisner
Summary: This study characterized fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in an urban street canyon in southwest Germany and found variations in PM2.5 mass concentration between summer and winter. Organic aerosol (OA) was the main component of non-refractory PM2.5, with higher contributions in summer. Sulfate was associated with regional transport, while nitrate was linked to traffic emissions. The study also analyzed two pollution episodes and demonstrated the impact of meteorological conditions on secondary aerosol formation and accumulation.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
F. Vogel, L. Lacher, J. Nadolny, H. Saathoff, T. Leisner, O. Moehler
Summary: The AIDA cloud expansion chamber has been extended to the AIDAm mini chamber, allowing for ice-nucleation measurements over longer time periods. AIDAm samples from the AIDA chamber, which acts as a reservoir of atmospheric aerosol types and can be modified by physical or chemical processes. AIDAm was validated for accurate ice-nucleation temperature control and proved its capability to detect small changes in the ice-nucleation ability of aerosols.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yaqiong Hu, Ping Tian, Mengyu Huang, Kai Bi, Julia Schneider, Nsikanabasi Silas Umo, Nikolas Ullmerich, Kristina Hohler, Xiaoqin Jing, Huiwen Xue, Deping Ding, Yongchun Liu, Thomas Leisner, Ottmar Moehler
Summary: Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) play a crucial role in altering the micro-physical properties of clouds, thereby affecting regional weather and climate. This study conducted simultaneous measurements of INP concentrations at a mountain site and a suburb site in Beijing, representing different pollution levels, in order to better understand the sources and characteristics of INPs. The results showed variations in INP concentrations between the two sites, with dust particles being the most efficient INPs during the Spring season. Interestingly, the mountain site exhibited significantly higher INP concentrations at temperatures above -10 degrees C, attributed to primary biological aerosol from the forested area.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Linyu Gao, Angela Buchholz, Zijun Li, Junwei Song, Magdalena Vallon, Feng Jiang, Ottmar Mohler, Thomas Leisner, Harald Saathoff
Summary: "We investigated the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from the oxidation of beta-caryophyllene at different tropospheric temperatures. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis was used to separate the SOA products detected by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (FIGAERO-CIMS). We observed a nonmonotonic dependence of particle volatility on formation temperature due to temperature-dependent formation pathways. The PMF analysis grouped the detected ions into 11 compound groups that act as indicators for the underlying formation mechanisms."
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Linyu Gao, Angela Buchholz, Zijun Li, Junwei Song, Magdalena Vallon, Feng Jiang, Ottmar Mohler, Thomas Leisner, Harald Saathoff
Summary: We investigated the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) generated from the ozonolysis of β-caryophyllene over a wide range of temperatures (213-313 K) and found a nonmonotonic dependence of particle volatility on formation temperature, primarily due to temperature-dependent formation pathways of β-caryophyllene oxidation products. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to deconvolute the detected SOA products and revealed different compound groups with varying volatilities, providing new insights into the temperature-dependent formation mechanisms of β-caryophyllene-derived SOA particles.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Feng Jiang, Junwei Song, Jonas Bauer, Linyu Gao, Magdalena Vallon, Reiner Gebhardt, Thomas Leisner, Stefan Norra, Harald Saathoff
Summary: The study found differences in the absorption coefficient and mass absorption efficiency of brown carbon aerosol particles during summer and winter in the central European city of Karl-sruhe. Different chromophores sources were identified using different analytical methods.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fritz Waitz, Martin Schnaiter, Thomas Leisner, Emma Jarvinen
Summary: Mixed-phase clouds containing both supercooled liquid water droplets and solid ice crystals have a significant impact on Earth's climate, but are not well understood. Research shows that riming in mixed-phase clouds is most prevalent at around -7 degrees Celsius, and increases with ice particle size and liquid water content.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Linyu Gao, Junwei Song, Claudia Mohr, Wei Huang, Magdalena Vallon, Feng Jiang, Thomas Leisner, Harald Saathoff
Summary: This study investigates the temperature dependence of the reaction kinetics of beta-caryophyllene (BCP) with ozone and nitrate radicals and its contribution to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The results show that temperature has a significant impact on the rate coefficient and SOA yields, as well as the formation of highly oxidized molecules and organonitrates.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Magdalena Vallon, Linyu Gao, Feng Jiang, Bianca Krumm, Jens Nadolny, Junwei Song, Thomas Leisner, Harald Saathoff
Summary: A light source with narrow emission spectrum using combination of LEDs has been built at the AIDA simulation chamber, allowing simulation of ground level solar radiation with high efficiency, durability, and adjustable spectral characteristics.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Ulrich Platt, Thomas Wagner, Jonas Kuhn, Thomas Leisner
Summary: Spectroscopy of scattered sunlight in the near-UV to near-IR spectral ranges is useful for analyzing atmospheric trace gas distributions. The sensitivity and resolution of spectroscopic instruments depend on the etendue, which can be enhanced through various methods.
ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Julia Schneider, Kristina Hohler, Robert Wagner, Harald Saathoff, Martin Schnaiter, Tobias Schorr, Isabelle Steinke, Stefan Benz, Manuel Baumgartner, Christian Rolf, Martina Kramer, Thomas Leisner, Ottmar Mohler
Summary: Homogeneous freezing of aqueous sulfuric acid aerosol particles was studied through laboratory experiments at the AIDA cloud simulation chamber. The results showed deviations from the water activity criterion-based predictions at lower temperatures, but agreement at higher temperatures. The ice saturation ratios of sulfuric acid aerosol particles increased with decreasing temperatures, impacting model predictions of cirrus cloud occurrence.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alexei A. Kiselev, Alice Keinert, Tilia Gaedeke, Thomas Leisner, Christoph Sutter, Elena Petrishcheva, Rainer Abart
Summary: Feldspar is an important component of airborne mineral dust and some alkali feldspars have high ice nucleation activity. Experimental investigation showed that inducing feldspar surfaces with close to (100) orientation can enhance the ice nucleation activity.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2021)
