Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohamed El-Tanani, Hamdi Nsairat, Alaa A. Aljabali, Angel Serrano-Aroca, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Gowhar A. Naikoo, Walhan Alshaer, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a signalling system, is necessary for various cell proliferation activities. It recognizes PI3KAKT stress signals as a serine-threonine kinase. The abnormal regulation of mTOR pathway has been proven to be crucial in cancer growth and advancement. This review primarily discusses the normal functions of mTOR as well as its abnormal roles in cancer development.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yipin Wang, Nicholas Siu Kay Fung, Wai-Ching Lam, Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
Summary: Recent advances in research have highlighted the importance of the mTOR signaling pathway in the treatment of ocular degenerative diseases. This pathway is regulated by oxidative stress, and understanding the complex relationship between mTOR and oxidative stress is crucial. Additionally, the role of mTOR-mediated autophagy in ocular degenerative diseases should not be overlooked.
Review
Neurosciences
Henry Querfurth, Han-Kyu Lee
Summary: mTOR is involved in regulating energy metabolism, neuronal growth, insulin signaling, and autophagy, playing both beneficial and pathogenic roles in neurodegenerative diseases. Balanced actions of mTOR complexes may have implications for Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Frontotemporal dementia, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Beyond rapamycin, rapalogs with improved tolerability and delivery modes hold promise in treating age-related conditions.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Suhail Ahmad Mir, Ashraf Dar, Saad Ali Alshehri, Shadma Wahab, Laraibah Hamid, Mohammad Ali Abdullah Almoyad, Tabasum Ali, Ghulam Nabi Bader
Summary: Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase involved in regulating cellular processes through integration of different stimuli. Dysregulation of mTOR signalling pathways is considered a hallmark of cancer, making it an important target for anti-cancer therapeutics. This review discusses the current developments in mTOR signalling and the use of inhibitors to target this pathway.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alaa Abou Daher, Sahar Alkhansa, William S. Azar, Rim Rafeh, Hilda E. Ghadieh, Assaad A. Eid
Summary: Understanding the mechanisms behind diabetic nephropathy (DN) is crucial for developing effective treatments. The mTOR pathway has been identified as a key player in diabetes-induced kidney injury, through its involvement in insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and autophagy regulation.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sebastiano Sciarretta, Maurizio Forte, Giacomo Frati, Junichi Sadoshima
Summary: mTOR integrates various signals in the cardiovascular system, playing both adaptive and maladaptive functions in cardiac development and response to stress. Modulating mTOR may hold promise as a therapeutic strategy for cardiac diseases.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wei Liu, Dong Zhao, Xiaofeng Wu, Fang Yue, Haizhen Yang, Ke Hu
Summary: Rapamycin can ameliorate obstructive sleep apnea-related renal injury by inhibiting the mTOR/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which is of great significance for the kidney health of patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiang Li, Kuangqi Chen, Zixi Wang, Jiayuan Li, Xiawei Wang, Chen Xie, Jianping Tong, Ye Shen
Summary: Corneal diseases affect millions of people worldwide and current treatments have limitations. Activation of the mTOR signaling pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of various corneal diseases, and inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin has shown promising outcomes, indicating the potential of mTOR as a therapeutic target.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Nozomi Igarashi, Megumi Honjo, Makoto Aihara
Summary: Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is often treated with trabeculectomy, but this surgery can lead to excessive scarring and tissue fibrosis. Studies have shown that mTOR inhibitors may offer a new treatment modality for reducing fibrotic response in human conjunctival fibroblasts and improving bleb scarring after filtration surgery.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Maracci, Stefano Motta, Alice Romagnoli, Matteo Costantino, Paola Perego, Daniele Di Marino
Summary: The deregulation of the mTOR/4E-BP1/eIF4E pathway in cancer leads to the overexpression of cancer-promoting genes and disrupted cellular growth. Promising selective inhibitors have been developed and tested in clinical trials with encouraging results.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Fan Lin, Yunqi Liu, Lili Tang, Xiaohui Xu, Xueli Zhang, Yifan Song, Bicheng Chen, Yeping Ren, Xiangdong Yang
Summary: The study demonstrated that rapamycin protects against aristolochic acid-induced nephropathy by activating the mTOR-autophagy axis. This finding provides evidence for rapamycin as a promising pharmacological target for the treatment of aristolochic acid nephropathy.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Zi-Qian Cheng, Jie Fan, Fang-Yi Zhao, Jing-Yun Su, Qi-Han Sun, Ran-Ji Cui, Bing-Jin Li
Summary: Recent studies have found that a 9-hour fast in mice reduces immobility time in the forced swimming test. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of 9-hour fasting in female mice with depressive symptoms. The results showed that fasting alleviated depressive symptoms in ovariectomized mice, suggesting its potential as a treatment for depression.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Andrea Perez-Iturralde, Beatriz Carte, Rafael Aldabe
Summary: The study found that mTOR inhibitors have complex effects on AAV hepatic transduction efficiency, with rapamycin enhancing AAV transduction while RapaLink-1 and MLN0128 do not. This indicates that mTOR inhibition is not a straightforward strategy for improving AAV transduction, and more research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved in their effects.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aigli G. Vakrakou, Anastasia Alexaki, Maria-Evgenia Brinia, Maria Anagnostouli, Leonidas Stefanis, Panos Stathopoulos
Summary: This article summarizes the evidence on the role of mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) complex pathways in multiple sclerosis (MS), including autophagy, inflammasome activation, immune responses, and neuronal toxicity. There is robust evidence that mTOR inhibitors, such as rapamycin, improve the clinical course of MS animal models. New research highlights the effects of mTOR on T cells and myeloid cells, providing insight into MS pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Ecem Sevim, Salma Siddique, Madhavi Latha S. Chalasani, Susan Chyou, William D. Shipman, Orla O'Shea, Joanna Harp, Oral Alpan, Stephane Zuily, Theresa T. Lu, Doruk Erkan
Summary: This study investigated the activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the skin of patients with livedo and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). The results showed increased mTOR activity in the skin of aPL-positive patients, which may have implications for further research on the mTOR pathway in these patients.
JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
