Melanoma: targeting signaling pathways and RaLP

Background: Metastatic melanoma remains one of the most aggressive forms of cancer, with a survival expectation of above six months only in rare cases. Despite advances in the characterization of the underlying molecular pathways and in the development of specific targeted treatments, available chemo- and immuno-therapy are unable to prolong survival significantly in advanced-stage melanoma. Rai like protein (RaLP) is a newly identified Src homology 2 domain containing (Shc) family member selectively expressed during the transition to metastatic melanoma and thus is a potential melanoma-specific drugable target. Objective: To summarize progress in the ongoing therapeutic approaches to metastatic melanoma and discuss RaLP as a potential novel therapeutic target. Methods: Current understanding of the major signaling pathways involved in melanoma metastatization and of the corresponding pharmacological inhibitors is discussed. Conclusion: RaLP might represent a new drugable target for the treatment of metastatic disease.