Article
Neurosciences
Luke Ziolkowski, Isaac Mordukhovich, Daniel M. Chen, Mariangela Chisari, Hong-Jin Shu, Peter M. Lambert, Mingxing Qian, Charles F. Zorumski, Douglas F. Covey, Steven Mennerick
Summary: Neuroactive steroids are emerging as a new class of drugs for treating neuropsychiatric disorders, with effects on ligand-gated neurotransmitter receptors being a major mechanism of action. MQ-221, a sulfated, 3 beta-hydroxy neurosteroid analogue, inhibits NMDAR function while potentiating GABA(A)R function, showing potentially unique and clinically desirable effects. It may represent a new class of compound with unique psychoactive effects and beneficial prospects for treating neuropsychiatric disorders.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Estevao Scotti-Muzzi, Thais Chile, Ricardo Moreno, Bruno Fraccini Pastorello, Claudia da Costa Leite, Anke Henning, Maria Concepcion Garcia Otaduy, Homero Vallada, Marcio Gerhardt Soeiro-de-Souza
Summary: This study found that euthymic BD type I patients had a lower Glu/GABA ratio in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex compared to healthy controls, which was influenced by anticonvulsant and antipsychotic medications, but not lithium. The presence of GAD1 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms may affect the Glu/GABA ratio.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gabriela Starowicz, Dominika Siodlak, Gabriel Nowak, Katarzyna Mlyniec
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of glutamatergic and GABAergic system activation in TC-G 1008 antidepressant-like effects and the disruptions caused by a low-zinc diet. The results showed that the antidepressant-like effect of TC-G 1008 was blocked by NMDA and picrotoxin, and joint administration with muscimol or SCH50911 showed a trend towards decreased immobility time. A zinc-deficient diet resulted in dysregulation of GluN1, PSD95, and KCC2 protein expression. These findings suggest the important role of glutamate/GABA signaling in the antidepressant-like effect of TC-G 1008 and imply that GPR39 may be a novel target for the development of antidepressants.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Mia Michaela Pal
Summary: This brief review article emphasizes the importance of glutamate in neuroscience, highlighting its role in memory, cognition, and mood regulation, and outlining the impact of chronic stress on the glutamatergic system. The article discusses several implications for potential pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Courtney M. Vecera, Alan C. Courtes, Gregory Jones, Jair C. Soares, Rodrigo Machado-Vieira
Summary: Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is a specific type of major depressive disorder (MDD) characterized by failures of antidepressant therapies. Imbalance between L-glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitters in the central nervous system has been found to play a key role in TRD. This review evaluates investigational antidepressants targeting these systems, assessing their evidence, mechanisms, and safety profiles. Some of these drugs have obtained FDA approval, but concerns exist for certain drugs.
Article
Biology
Charlie Woodrow, Christian Pulver, Hojun Song, Fernando Montealegre-Z
Summary: This study examines the tonotopy of the tympana in the ensiferan orthopteran species Cyphoderris monstrosa. Using laser Doppler vibrometry, the researchers found that higher frequencies are received more distally in the tympana. This tonotopic mechanism is crucial in understanding the evolutionary history of ensiferan hearing.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
David Baechinger, Tabita M. Breitsprecher, Alexander Pscheidl, Anandhan Dhanasingh, Robert Mlynski, Stefan Dazert, Soenke Langner, Nora M. Weiss
Summary: This study aimed to refine the definition of a narrow internal auditory canal (IAC) by measuring the IAC volume in both control patients and patients with inner ear malformations (IEMs). The results showed significantly smaller IAC volumes in patients with IEMs. The study suggests that radiologic assessment of the IAC is crucial in patients with severe sensorineural hearing loss undergoing cochlear implantation.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christoph Metzner, Volker Steuber
Summary: The mechanisms underlying circuit dysfunctions in schizophrenia are still poorly understood. Studies on auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) in schizophrenia patients show inconsistent results regarding changes in power at 20 Hz during 40 Hz stimulation. Factors such as differences in recording modalities, stimulus types, and stimulus amplitudes may contribute to these inconsistencies.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hamed Salmanzadeh, Ankita Poojari, Atefeh Rabiee, Benjamin D. Zeitlin, Robert F. Halliwell
Summary: We have successfully derived mature neurons and glial cells from a human pluripotent stem cell line and observed their differentiation and functional maturation over a period of 1 year in culture. These neuroglial cultures formed mature synapses and neural circuits, displayed complex electrochemical signaling, and responded to antiseizure drugs. Our findings suggest that long-term human stem cell-derived neuroglial cultures are valuable for disease modeling and neuropsychiatric drug discovery.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Kevin Zemaitis, Kathiravan Kaliyappan, Valerie Frerichs, Alan Friedman, Vijaya Prakash Krishnan Muthaiah
Summary: Acoustic trauma can damage inner ear neural structures, leading to hearing loss and neurotransmitter imbalances that may cause tinnitus. Studies using chinchilla models have provided new insights into the pathomechanism of tinnitus.
EXPERIMENTAL AND MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
David J. Acunzo, David A. Oakley, Devin B. Terhune
Summary: Despite limitations in the research, current studies suggest that different neurochemical systems may play a role in response to hypnotic suggestions, providing multiple avenues for future research exploration.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Arianna Di Stadio, Pietro De Luca, Nehzat Koohi, Diego Kaski, Massimo Ralli, Anja Giesemann, Hans-Peter Hartung, Marta Altieri, Daniela Messineo, Athanasia Warnecke, Teresa Frohman, Elliot M. Frohman
Summary: This study suggests a higher risk of peripheral auditory deficits in patients with neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders compared to healthy individuals. The transmission of inflammatory mediators through fluid exchange may play a key role in causing inflammation and damage to the inner ear, leading to hearing impairment associated with neuroimmunological and neuroinflammatory disorders.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Michael E. Smith, Alyssa W. Accomando, Victoria Bowman, Brandon M. Casper, Peter H. Dahl, A. Keith Jenkins, Sarah Kotecki, Arthur N. Popper
Summary: This study found that underwater explosion sounds have significant negative effects on the inner ear hair cells of Pacific mackerel, with the extent of damage varying with distance and location. Extrapolation to other species and conditions must be done cautiously, but the effects of explosive sounds should be considered in assessing environmental impacts of marine projects.
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Filiz Aslan, Gorkem Ertugrul, Gonca Sennaroglu, Levent Sennaroglu
Summary: This study investigated the cognitive, language, and motor skills of auditory brainstem implant (ABI) users in unimodal and bimodal groups. The results showed significant correlations between the participants' age and motor skills, auditory perception, and language performance. Similarly, there were significant correlations between the duration of ABI use and auditory perception, language performance, cancellation test, and some motor skills. There was no significant difference between the unimodal and bimodal groups in any task. However, there were moderate-to-strong correlations among auditory perception, cancellation test, language test, and motor skills.
LARYNGOSCOPE INVESTIGATIVE OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Caitlyn A. Chapman, Jessica L. Nuwer, Tija C. Jacob
Summary: This article provides an overview of the role of synaptic plasticity in regulating neuronal activity and emphasizes the importance of the interplay between excitatory and inhibitory synapses. The study explores the involvement of calcium signaling and synaptic crosstalk in the regulation of neuronal excitability, as well as the influence of synaptic activity on key regulatory proteins.
FRONTIERS IN SYNAPTIC NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)