Article
Thermodynamics
Honggang Xing, Haozhe Jin, Xiaofei Liu, Rui Li, Mingxiang Wang, Hengyang Xiang, Chao Wang
Summary: This paper experimentally studies the heat transfer characteristics of heat exchange tubes with NH4Cl crystallization fouling. The results show that the local heat transfer coefficient varies with the circumferential angle and increases with fouling.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Min Cheng, Zi-yong Chen, Qiang Liao, Yu-heng Gu, Yu-dong Ding
Summary: The study investigated the impact of ash deposition on the heat transfer process of 3-D finned tube heat exchanger, and explored various influencing factors using orthogonal array design method. By determining the optimized parameters, the heat transfer performance of the heat exchanger was improved, providing a reference for the design and evaluation of heat exchangers in dusty environments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chenglei Xiong, Yongchang Chen, Chongfang Ma
Summary: A prediction model for crystallization fouling was proposed based on the Kern-Seaton model. The model can predict the changes in fouling resistance during the fouling process and is applicable to actual industrial processes, especially for turbulent flow. It provides a more convenient way to predict fouling in heat exchangers without requiring a large amount of measured data for fitting.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wannarat Rakpakdee, Suphakorn Tuntarungsri, Mongkol Pornnattawut, Masaaki Motozawa, Mitsuhiro Fukuta, Weerachai Chaiworapuek
Summary: By altering the configuration of the inlet flow channel, the heat transfer and pressure drop of water flow in double vertical coils and a shell heat exchanger were investigated under 28 kHz ultrasound. The position of activated ultrasonic transducers at P1-P9 was examined for its effects. The results showed that modifying the inlet flow configuration from two to four channels enhanced the Nusselt number by 11.6% on the shell side and increased the heat transfer capability by approximately 9% with ultrasonic irradiation.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yaxuan Peng, Xuefei Xu, Yandong Liang
Summary: This study investigated the influence of an axial-electromagnetic field treatment device (AEFTD) with different electromagnetic frequencies on calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystallization fouling on the tube side of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The results showed that the AEFTD effectively reduced fouling resistance and slowed down the growth rate of CaCO3 fouling. The application of the AEFTD enhanced heat transfer and favored the formation of vaterite instead of calcite, which facilitated the removal of fouling by turbulent flow.
Article
Thermodynamics
Saeed Vahidifar, Seyedhadi Banihashemi
Summary: Researchers have conducted numerous studies on active and passive methods to improve thermal performance and increase heat transfer in internal flows. Different geometries and configurations of turbulators have been proposed for optimal performance in heat exchangers. However, there is limited research on turbulators with equal obstruction inside the tube and aerodynamic geometry. This study investigates the effect of stimulating the boundary layer of the internal flow on heat transfer and flow characteristics, using a pipe with ring-shaped turbulators and equal blocking area.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ehsan Allymehr, Angel Alvarez Pardinas, Trygve Magne Eikevik, Armin Hafner
Summary: Experimental tests were conducted to extend the database for evaporation of flowing isobutane and propylene in compact internally enhanced surfaces, with comparisons of heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops between microfinned tubes and a smooth tube. Results showed that propylene had higher heat transfer coefficients and lower pressure drops compared to isobutane, with nucleate boiling dominant for propylene and convective heat transfer dominant for isobutane. Microfinned tubes tended to have maximum heat transfer coefficients, while the accuracy of correlations for these tubes was shown to be highly dependent on testing conditions and tube characteristics.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yacine Khetib, Khaled Sedraoui, Abdellataif Gari
Summary: This study numerically investigated a micro-pin-fin heat sink to improve its cooling capability and productivity. It found that the RS configuration had the maximum heat transfer while also yielding the maximum pressure drop.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Houpei Li, Pega Hrnjak
Summary: This paper presents the measurements of flow boiling heat transfer coefficient and pressure gradient for R32 and R1234yf mixtures in a microchannel tube. The results show that mass flux has a significant effect on both heat transfer coefficient and pressure gradient, while heat flux only affects the heat transfer coefficient. Furthermore, the temperature glide curve has an impact on the heat transfer coefficient.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mehmet Tahir Erdinc, Arif Emre Aktas, Muhammet Nasif Kuru, Mehmet Bilgili, Orhan Aydin
Summary: This study investigated the thermo-hydraulic characteristics of circular and diamond shaped cross-sections in periodic flow using numerical methods and multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) for optimization. The results showed that compared to circular geometries, the average Nusselt number of diamond shaped geometry increased by 10.11%, while pressure drop and volume decreased by 11.90% and 52.76%, respectively.
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS IN HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Imene Rahmoune, Saadi Bougoul
Summary: This study presents an analysis of heat transmission and magnetic nanofluid flow in a minichannel with corrugated upper wall and exposed to a magnetic field. The results show that magnetic nanofluid subjected to a magnetic field acts as an active vortex generator, improving fluid mixing and heat transmission. Increase in magnetic field strength and volume fraction has a positive effect on flow structure and heat transfer.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ramin Ranjbarzadeh, Alireza Akhgar, Roozbeh Taherialekouhi, Annunziata D'Orazio, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Ferial Ghaemi, Dumitru Baleanu
Summary: The study investigated the use of GO/water nanofluid as a coolant fluid in an isothermal heat transfer system. Various properties of the nanofluid were experimentally measured, showing a significant improvement in convection heat transfer coefficient, making it suitable as a coolant fluid in industrial systems.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Amthal Al-Gailani, Olujide Sanni, Thibaut V. J. Charpentier, Richard Crisp, Jantinus H. Bruins, Anne Neville
Summary: The study found that the scale formed on surfaces mainly consists of two distinct regions: a smooth and flat layer, and a rough calcium carbonate layer, with copper and aluminum surfaces having a greater scaling tendency. Additionally, the complex effect of flow rate on scale formation was also discussed in the study.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xu Wang, David John Kukulka, Wei Li, Weiyu Tang, Tianwen Li
Summary: To study the heat transfer characteristics of R410A in extreme environments, the performance of various stainless steel and copper-enhanced tubes was evaluated using R410A as the working fluid. The results were compared with smooth tubes. The EHT-HB/D tube showed the best overall condensation heat transfer characteristics. The thermal conductivity of the tube (comparing stainless steel and copper) also affected the thermal hydraulic performance of the tube.
Review
Thermodynamics
Hongyu Lv, Huigang Ma, Ning Mao, Tianbiao He
Summary: This paper provides a comprehensive review of the boiling heat transfer characteristics of environmentally friendly refrigerants with low ODP and GWP, highlighting their importance in evaporator design and refrigeration cycle configuration. It also analyzes the effects of various factors on heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop, and offers insights into the mechanisms of heat transfer. Prospects and challenges for future research are identified, along with the recent progress made in this field.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sergey Soldatov, Guido Link, Lucas Silberer, Clara Marie Schmedt, Emile Carbone, Federico D'Isa, John Jelonnek, Roland Dittmeyer, Alexander Navarrete
Summary: Research demonstrates that ultrafast pulsation of microwave energy can improve energy efficiency during CO2 dissociation in plasma reactions. Despite evidence of non-equilibrium in the system, the thermal mechanism still dominates the dissociation of CO2.
ACS ENERGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sebastian Urban, Benedikt J. Deschner, Laura L. Trinkies, Jochen Kieninger, Manfred Kraut, Roland Dittmeyer, Gerald A. Urban, Andreas Weltin
Summary: Determining the local concentrations of analytes in state-of-the-art microreactors is crucial for optimized and safe processes. Electrochemical microsensors can provide unique information on the reaction kinetics in microreactors, with a new chronoamperometric approach allowing selective detection of dissolved gases hydrogen and oxygen, as well as their reaction product hydrogen peroxide. This approach paves the way for online process control by mapping the distribution of analytes inside a multiphase membrane microreactor.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Benedikt J. Deschner, Dmitry E. Doronkin, Thomas L. Sheppard, Anna Zimina, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt, Roland Dittmeyer
Summary: X-ray absorption spectroscopy was used to study the structural information of a titania-supported palladium catalyst under H2O2 synthesis conditions. It was found that ethanol can fully reduce Pd nanoparticles, while the addition of H2SO4 causes Pd lattice expansion and increased yield. Further addition of bromide did not significantly change the catalyst state and activity.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philip Pietrek, Manfred Kraut, Roland Dittmeyer
Summary: Immobilized multi-enzyme cascades in microfluidic devices, particularly in continuous flow reactors, offer great potential due to reusability and control of reaction conditions. However, maximizing this potential requires detailed knowledge of the system. Computational optimization based on physical and chemical processes can enhance performance and maximize techno-economic performance through optimized reactor feed concentrations and enzyme ratios.
Article
Thermodynamics
Florian Schlueter, Wolfgang Augustin, Stephan Scholl
Summary: This study presents experimental and analytical results of local investigations of a fouled counterflow double-pipe heat exchanger, with the aim of calculating different local fouling resistances in order to explain and eliminate apparent negative fouling resistances on a local basis. The research utilizes a holistic modeling approach to model and link local and integral fouling resistances, as well as thermal and mass-based methods.
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Laura L. Trinkies, Andrea Duell, Jinju Zhang, Sebastian Urban, Benedikt J. Deschner, Manfred Kraut, Bradley P. Ladewig, Andreas Weltin, Jochen Kieninger, Roland Dittmeyer
Summary: Microstructured membrane reactors provide a promising approach to address productivity and safety challenges in direct hydrogen peroxide synthesis. Various mass transport processes occur in this complex system, with experimental investigation into saturation and desaturation behaviors of the liquid reaction medium with gaseous reactants. The study also looks at the permeances of the PDMS membrane to hydrogen and oxygen at different pressures, using mathematical modeling to simulate the results and highlighting the need for constant gas channel flushing for safety reasons.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Andreas Boettcher, Judith Petri, Arne Langhoff, Stephan Scholl, Wolfgang Augustin, Annika Hohlen, Diethelm Johannsmann
Summary: In situ study of emulsion polymerization fouling at hot interfaces using QCM-D was conducted. The fouling kinetics and surface stabilization were quantified with the QCM. It was observed that a film with a thickness of less than 1 µm can stabilize the surface against the deposition of thicker layers. Furthermore, the increase in resonance bandwidth prior to the main transition was attributed to the first contact of coagulum with the surface. The QCM-D technique proved effective in observing and quantifying the fouling at hot interfaces.
MACROMOLECULAR REACTION ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ghazal Tofighi, Henning Lichtenberg, Abhijeet Gaur, Wu Wang, Stefan Wild, Karla Herrera Delgado, Stephan Pitter, Roland Dittmeyer, Jan-Dierk Grunwaldt, Dmitry E. Doronkin
Summary: CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts were continuously synthesized in a microfluidic reactor and showed better catalytic performance with larger surface area and more uniform morphology and element distribution compared to catalysts prepared by conventional batch methods.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bernd Emonts, Martin Mueller, Michael Hehemann, Holger Janssen, Roger Keller, Markus Staehler, Andrea Staehler, Veit Hagenmeyer, Roland Dittmeyer, Peter Pfeifer, Simon Waczowicz, Michael Rubin, Nina Munzke, Stefan Kasselmann
Summary: The article discusses the significant role of hydrogen in the sustainable energy supply and the improvement of industrial-scale electrolysis technology using an MW electrolysis system. The focus is on the design, processing, and assembly of the test facility for a megawatt PEM electrolysis stack.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Efi Hadjixenophontos, Masoud Mahmoudizadeh, Michael Rubin, Dirk Ullmer, Fatemeh Razmjooei, Alexander C. Hanf, Jan Brien, Roland Dittmeyer, Asif Ansar
Summary: This study achieved submicron grain size with a high density of large-angle grain boundaries in 10 μm thick palladium membranes by tuning the microstructure formation. Two different plasma spraying techniques were used to develop membranes with comparable density of large-angle grain boundaries. The samples maintained their large-angle grain boundaries even after exposure to hydrogen at high temperatures.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sara Claramunt, Paul V. Schell, Manfred Kraut, Bruno F. Stengel, Christof F. Kuesters, Roland Dittmeyer
Summary: Micro-process engineering can intensify the polycondensation reaction of polydextrose, and the good heat transfer characteristics of the internal inserts allow for continuous evaporation of water and increased product yield.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Timo Engl, Moritz Langer, Hannsjoerg Freund, Michael Rubin, Roland Dittmeyer
Summary: Chemical energy carriers produced through power-to-X concepts are crucial for the future energy system. This study focuses on CO2 methanation as a promising approach, considering the influence of transient operating conditions on catalyst stability. A tap reactor is introduced for spatially and temporally resolved analysis of the methanation reaction, and experimental data under various operating conditions are compared with simulation results, confirming the validity of the tap reactor concept.
CHEMIE INGENIEUR TECHNIK
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Albert G. F. Machoke, Aurina Martinez Arias, Giulia Baracchini, Michael Rubin, Hasan Baser, Tobias Weissenberger, Roland Dittmeyer, Alfred Weber, Martin Hartmann, Wilhelm Schwieger
Summary: The combination of spray drying and steam-assisted crystallization (SAC) is effective in addressing the limitations of low yields, separation problems, and high amounts of waste in hydrothermal synthesis of nanosized zeolites. Through spray drying and SAC conversion, the amorphous material can be transformed into zeolite particles without the need for additional template at temperatures between 300 and 400 degrees C. Kinetic studies reveal that it takes 4 to 8 days to achieve 100% crystalline product formation. This work demonstrates the usefulness of spray drying and SAC as tools in supplementing the hydrothermal synthesis of nanosized zeolites.
Article
Thermodynamics
H. Wiese, H. Geissler, W. Augustin, S. Scholl
Summary: The individual steps in cleaning a fouled heat exchanger surface play a crucial role in determining the overall performance of the cleaning process. However, the complex mechanisms of the mutual supportive processes involved in cleaning are not fully understood yet. This study presents a stepwise approach to investigate the diffusion of the cleaning agent NaOH into a WPI gel under stationary and flow conditions. Temperature was found to affect both the diffusion step and the subsequent removal of proteins, but to different extents.
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Niklas Jarmatz, Wolfgang Augustin, Stephan Scholl
Summary: Successfully dealing with complex fouling problems requires a good understanding based on a wide range of additional data. Process data can be utilized to better understand and predict fouling in an apparatus or a production plant. We propose a systematic approach to generate training data in a pipe fitting, which can be used before utilizing the entire data set of the production plant for fouling prediction. The temperature-based detection of heat transfer resistance and particle deposition in the pipe fitting provides reproducible results for model training.
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Cong Li, Jiali Wang, Chenhui Wang, Yanke Jin, Yina Yao, Rui Yang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of NaCl water droplets with various concentrations on a heated surface. The results show that the impact patterns can be categorized into different types, and models are established to predict the spreading behavior of droplets with different concentrations. Additionally, high concentration droplets exhibit more violent boiling and have lower residual energy and rebound time.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
C. Barrera, V. Castro, F. Escudero, J. J. Cruz, I. Verdugo, J. Yon, A. Fuentes
Summary: This study focuses on the characterization of soot maturity and sooting propensity of anisole fuel in a controlled laminar coflow diffusion flame. The results show that the spatial distribution of soot volume fraction is enhanced near the flame centerline, while soot production is promoted near the flame wings. The temperature increase also affects the maturity of soot particles.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Roman W. Morse, Jason Chan, Tiago A. Moreira, Jared J. Valois, Evan T. Hurlburt, Jean-Marie Le Corre, Arganthael Berson, Kristofer M. Dressler, Gregory F. Nellis
Summary: This study investigates the dryout of liquid film and the role of disturbance wave frequency. Experimental results indicate that the heat transfer coefficient associated with optimal boiling conditions is maximized when the surface is dry 5% of the time, independent of pulse amplitude and frequency. Liquid-film measurements, dryout statistics, and direct observation suggest that disturbance-wave frequency can be manipulated by density-wave oscillations in the flow field.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
E. J. Vega, J. M. Montanero
Summary: In this study, we experimentally investigated the bursting of a bubble covered with a surfactant. We found that the bubble bursting time is longer compared to a surfactant-free bubble due to interfacial elasticity. Furthermore, the Marangoni stress drives liquid flow that allows the jet to escape from the end-pinching mechanism within a certain surfactant concentration range.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Guofu Sun, Yi Zhan, Tomio Okawa, Mitsuhiro Aoyagi, Akihiro Uchibori, Yasushi Okano
Summary: Experiments were conducted on liquid jets ejected from oval nozzles to investigate the effects of nozzle orifice shape on jet behavior. The study found that the liquid jet exhibited different characteristics at different liquid flow rates. Correlations were established to predict the liquid jet state and characteristics of the secondary droplets produced during jet impact onto a solid surface. This research extended the available knowledge on liquid jet behavior.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jeonghoon Lee, Laurent Zimmer, Takeshi Saito, Shinji Nakaya, Mitsuhiro Tsue
Summary: This study investigates the effects of spatial resolution on DMD amplitudes and spatial mode strengths, and proposes scaling factors to correct for the resolution differences. The results show that the proposed scaling factors successfully normalize the amplitudes and spatial modes, allowing for quantitative comparison of data obtained with different spatial resolutions. This study is significant for analyzing spatiotemporal data in various fields.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yanli Zhao, Shibing Kuang, Xiaoliang Zhang, Mingjun Xu
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the dynamic process of water droplet impacting different wood surfaces and analyzes and discusses the impacting phenomena, phenomena distribution, droplet spreading dynamics, and maximum spread factor. The results show that the impacting process can be distinguished by Weber numbers and Reynolds numbers, and can be predicted by mathematical expressions.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Aakhash Sundaresan, Atul Srivastava, Callum Atkinson
Summary: This study presents the first-ever application of an advanced methodology, combining two-color laser-induced phosphorescence and particle image velocimetry, to investigate the heat transfer mechanisms on the surface of a cylinder placed inside a confined square duct. The technique allows for simultaneous measurement of velocity and temperature fields, reducing the complexity and costs associated with separately measuring temperature distributions. Experimental observations show that increasing the mass flow rate enhances heat removal from the cylinder surface, and increasing the cylinder heat input enhances heat transfer in the rear portion of the cylinder.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Harish K. Patel, Sukhjeet Arora, Rutuja Chavan, Bimlesh Kumar
Summary: This study experimentally analyzed the multiscale statistical assessment of scour depth surrounding spur dikes with downward seepage. The research found that seepage affects the morphological behavior and hydrodynamic characteristics of the channel bed, leading to changes in scour formation. The rate of scour depth changes initially increases with higher seepage velocity but eventually becomes constant over time.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Justas Sereika, Paulius Vilkinis, Gediminas Skarbalius, Algis Dziugys, Nerijus Pedisius
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the pulsatile flow structure based on a transitional-type cavity. It was found that the pulsation amplitude has a more significant effect on the dynamics of recirculation zone than the pulsation frequency. Pulsatile flow can reduce the size of the recirculation zone.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Merav Arogeti, Eran Sher, Tali Bar-Kohany
Summary: This study provides a detailed exploration of the events that occur when a droplet hits a dry solid surface of various small sizes, with a focus on the deposition, receding breakup, and prompt splash phases. By utilizing non-dimensional analysis and graphical representation, the boundaries between different events are defined, and criteria for differentiation based on target-to-drop ratio, Reynolds, and Webber numbers are presented.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Tianxiong Li, Fei Wen, Yingchun Wu, Botong Wen, Lei Wang, Jinxin Guo, Xuecheng Wu
Summary: This study investigates the structure of the flow field induced by a strut in a scramjet and its influence on flame stabilization. Experimental and numerical analyses reveal that the flow field exhibits features beneficial for flame stabilization, but the asymmetry of the flow poses a challenge to flame establishment.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Syed Ehtisham Gillani, Yasir M. Al-Abdeli
Summary: This study investigates the asymmetry in bluff-body stabilised annular jets and finds that swirl can significantly mitigate the asymmetry and restore the symmetry of the jets. Moreover, increasing the Reynolds number and the swirl intensity can both decrease the asymmetry of the jets.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Utsav Bhardwaj, Rabindra Kumar, Shyama Prasad Das
Summary: This study presents an experimental investigation on flooding phenomenon in a pulsating heat pipe (PHP) unit cell, and analyzes the impact of flooding on the performance of PHP. The study recognizes three different flooding mechanisms and finds that currently accepted correlations for predicting flooding velocity are inaccurate. The study emphasizes the need for further research on flooding in PHPs.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yunpeng Xue, Yongling Zhao, Shuo-Jun Mei, Yuan Chao, Jan Carmeliet
Summary: This study investigates the impact of building morphology on local climate, air quality, and urban microclimate. The researchers conducted an experimental investigation in a large-scale water tunnel, analyzing heat and flow fields using Laser-induced Fluorescence (LIF) and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). The findings show that factors such as canyon configuration, buoyant force, and approaching flow magnitude significantly influence fluid flow in street canyons, and the morphology of the street canyon dominates ventilation rate and heat flux. For example, changing the aspect ratio of a street canyon can lead to a significant change in air ventilation rate, ranging from 0.02 to 1.5 under the same flow conditions.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
