Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Steffen H. Raun, Jonas Roland Knudsen, Xiuqing Han, Thomas E. Jensen, Lykke Sylow
Summary: Metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance are common in cancer and can affect prognosis. This study investigates the molecular mechanisms of cancer-induced insulin resistance in muscle. The results show that cancer causes significant changes in skeletal muscle insulin signaling, depending on the muscle type. Understanding these mechanisms could provide insights into managing metabolic dysfunction in cancer.
Article
Cell Biology
Mikael Flockhart, Lina C. Nilsson, Senna Tais, Bjorn Ekblom, William Apro, Filip J. Larsen
Summary: Exercise training positively affects metabolic health, but excess exercise may lead to reduced mitochondrial function and impaired glucose tolerance. Studies have shown that world-class endurance athletes have issues with glucose control compared to matched control groups.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
C. M. Waugh, A. Scott
Summary: During walking, increased stiffness in the Achilles tendon did not affect its function. While stiffness did not change with training, other parameters also showed no significant differences, which may help explain previous mixed intervention results and guide future investigations.
Article
Sport Sciences
Ben W. Hoffman, Brent J. Raiteri, Mark J. Connick, Emma M. Beckman, Angelo Macaro, Vincent G. Kelly, Lachlan P. James
Summary: Combined heavy- and light-load ballistic training can improve athletic performance and induce adaptations in muscle structure. Little is known about the effects of training on muscle-tendon unit (MTU) kinetics during the execution of sport-specific skills. This study aimed to investigate the kinematics of the vastus lateralis (VL) MTU during a countermovement jump (CMJ) following combined ballistic training.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Tobias Alt, Axel J. Knicker, Yannick T. Nodler, Heiko K. Strueder
Summary: This study investigated the use of downward acceleration angle (DWAangle) as a classification parameter to distinguish between increasing and constant velocity Nordic Hamstring Exercise (NHE) execution. The kinetic and kinematic differences between these two types of NHE execution were examined by analyzing the DWAangle in relation to the angle of peak moment. The results showed that DWAangle is closely related to NHE execution and can be used to differentiate between different types of NHE execution.
JOURNAL OF SPORT REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Ramzi A. Al-Horani, Khaled M. Alsays, Osama Abo Alrob
Summary: The study shows that obesity hinders improvements in insulin sensitivity and attenuates strength gains through resistance training. It suggests that additional strategies, such as caloric restriction, may be needed for improving insulin sensitivity in individuals with obesity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Baubak Shamim, Donny M. Camera, Jamie Whitfield
Summary: In this study, it was found that resistance, endurance, and concurrent training can similarly induce myofibre hypertrophy without expansion of satellite cell and myonuclear pool. Additionally, the results suggest that myonuclear accretion via satellite cell fusion is positively correlated with hypertrophy after 12 weeks of concurrent training.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Stephanie Hody, Blair E. Warren, Dominique-Marie Votion, Bernard Rogister, Helene Lemieux
Summary: This study investigates the impact of eccentric exercise on mitochondrial function. The results show that eccentric exercise leads to a decrease in muscle oxidative phosphorylation capacity and mainly affects the distal muscle portion. This study provides new perspectives on the mitochondrial adaptation associated with eccentric exercise.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lana Bach-Morrow, Francesco Boccalatte, Antonio DeRosa, David Devos, Carmen Garcia-Sanchez, Matilde Inglese, Amgad Droby
Summary: Research suggests that pre-frontal circuits play a significant role in the pathophysiology of ADHD, and non-invasive frequency-specific training systems have shown potential in ADHD remediation. A study involving 46 school-age children with ADHD found that those who underwent frequency specific cognitive training (FSCT) showed improved scholastic performance and performance on neuropsychological tests related to executive functions and memory. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data collected from participants trained with FSCT indicated increased brain activation in specific regions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biology
Dorota Mierzwa, Cyprian Olchowy, Anna Olchowy, Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik, Pawel Dabrowski, Slawomir Chobotow, Kinga Grzech-Lesniak, Pawel Kubasiewicz-Ross, Marzena Dominiak
Summary: This study investigates the changes in stiffness of the masseter muscle and the temporalis muscle after botox injections in patients with masseter muscle hypertrophy. The results show that botox injections decrease the stiffness of the masseter muscle, while increasing the stiffness of the temporalis muscle. Simultaneous evaluation and treatment of the temporalis muscle may be necessary to ensure the desired functional and cosmetic effect.
Article
Physiology
Luis Rodiles-Guerrero, Pedro Jesus Cornejo-Daza, Juan Sanchez-Valdepenas, Julian Alcazar, Carlos Rodriguez-Lopez, Miguel Sanchez-Moreno, Luis Maria Alegre, Juan A. Leon-Prados, Fernando Pareja-Blanco
Summary: This study compared the effects of different velocity-loss thresholds on strength gains, neuromuscular adaptations, and muscle hypertrophy during bench press exercise. The results showed that using a velocity-loss threshold of about 25% with intensities ranging from 55% to 70% of 1-repetition maximum (1RM) provided an optimal training stimulus to maximize dynamic strength performance and neuromuscular adaptations, while higher velocity-loss thresholds promoted greater muscle hypertrophy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Rebecca Cross, Ric Lovell, Paul W. Marshall, Jason Siegler
Summary: This study examined the changes in muscle contractile function, voluntary activation, and muscle damage after lower limb resistance training (RT), intermittent sprint exercise, and concurrent training (CT). The results showed that muscle contractile function was impaired, but performing RT 1 hour after intermittent sprint exercise did not exacerbate this impairment. The recovery time for contractile function was the same after all exercise conditions, with a smaller decrement observed after intermittent sprint exercise compared to RT and CT. Previous intermittent sprint exercise did not negatively affect the volume of exercise performed in a lower limb RT session.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Victor Sabino de Queiros, Nicholas Rolnick, Phelipe Wilde de Alcantara Varela, Breno Guilherme de Araujo Tinoco Cabral, Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas
Summary: High-frequency BFR training can generate significant neuromuscular adaptations, but strength declines and muscle fiber atrophy were reported in resistance training to failure. There is a lack of studies comparing low-frequency and high-frequency in short-term BFR training. Comparisons between resistance exercises of similar intensities are also lacking, limiting conclusions on the specific effects of proximity to failure or BFR.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Daniel R. Smith, Diego A. Caban-Rivera, L. Tyler Williams, Elijah E. W. Van Houten, Phil Bayly, Keith D. Paulsen, Matthew D. J. McGarry, Curtis L. Johnson
Summary: This study used magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and a nonlinear inversion algorithm (TI-NLI) to analyze the anisotropic mechanical response of calf muscles and investigate the role of muscle fiber stiffening under load. The study found that in passive tension, there was a significant increase in fiber shear stiffness (mu(1)), shear anisotropy (phi), and tensile anisotropy (zeta) with increasing muscle length. In active tension, there was an increase in substrate shear stiffness (mu(2)) and a decrease in phi and zeta, indicating less anisotropy, especially when the muscles acted as agonists.
PHYSICS IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Daniel Hammarstrom, Sjur J. ofsteng, Nicolai B. Jacobsen, Krister B. Flobergseter, Bent R. Ronnestad, Stian Ellefsen
Summary: This study describes the ribosome biogenesis during resistance training and its relationship with training volume and muscle growth. The researchers found that ribosomes accumulate in the initial phase of training and the rate of accumulation predicts muscle hypertrophy. Additionally, ribosome biogenesis is associated with UBF protein levels.
Article
Surgery
Nicola Maffulli, Marco Quaranta, Nicola Poeta, Francesco Oliva, Nat Padhiar, Otto Chan
Summary: The study evaluates the outcomes of minimally invasive fasciotomy in patients with symptomatic muscle herniae, specifically focusing on the tibialis anterior muscle. The results demonstrate that the surgery is effective and safe, leading to significant improvements in symptoms and a high rate of return to pre-injury or higher levels of sport/activity.
SURGEON-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL COLLEGES OF SURGEONS OF EDINBURGH AND IRELAND
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Filippo Migliorini, Alice Baroncini, Jorg Eschweiler, Matthias Knobe, Markus Tingart, Nicola Maffulli
Summary: This study analyzed the rate of return to sport, related influencing factors, and sport activity level in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) using the Hip Outcome Score - Sport-Specific Subscale (HOS-SSS). The results showed that 88.75% of patients returned to sports within a mean of 37.4 months, and post-operative sport activity level was positively associated with lighter weight, younger age, and higher preoperative scores.
SURGEON-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL COLLEGES OF SURGEONS OF EDINBURGH AND IRELAND
(2023)
Article
Surgery
Filippo Migliorini, Nicola Maffulli, Joerg Eschweiler, Hanno Schenker, Markus Tingart, Marcel Betsch
Summary: This meta-analysis compares the clinical outcomes of all-arthroscopic rotator cuff repair and mini-open surgery. The results show no significant differences in surgical duration, clinical scores, and functional outcomes between the two techniques. Male gender and older age are associated with higher rates of rotator cuff re-tears, while longer surgical duration is associated with a higher rate of adhesive capsulitis.
SURGEON-JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL COLLEGES OF SURGEONS OF EDINBURGH AND IRELAND
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jon Brazier, Mark R. Antrobus, Adam J. Herbert, Peter C. Callus, Praval Khanal, Georgina K. Stebbings, Stephen H. Day, Shane M. Heffernan, Liam P. Kilduff, Mark A. Bennett, Robert M. Erskine, Stuart M. Raleigh, Malcolm Collins, Yannis P. Pitsiladis, Alun G. Williams
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between polygenic profiles and elite rugby athletes. The results showed that elite rugby athletes had significantly higher genotype scores (TGS) compared to non-athletes, and TGS was able to distinguish between the two groups. In addition, a three-SNP model was identified to predict the elite athlete status. The findings suggest that elite rugby athletes may possess preferable musculoskeletal soft-tissue injury-related polygenic profiles.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Stephen J. McQuilliam, David R. Clark, Robert M. Erskine, Thomas E. Brownlee
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-intensity, low-volume (HRT) compared to moderate-intensity, high-volume resistance training (MRT) on strength, power, and muscle soreness in male academy soccer players. The results suggest that performing HRT training once a week may be an effective method for improving strength and power in-season for ASP, while minimizing the occurrence of DOMS.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nicola Maffulli, Salvatore Ziello, Gianluca Maisto, Filippo Migliorini, Francesco Oliva
Summary: This study evaluated the outcome and complications of local tendon transfer procedures in patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture. The use of FHL or PB tendon for local tendon transfer resulted in good clinical outcomes and a reliable return to daily activities and sports. However, the high rate of complications reflects the chronic nature of the condition and the technical complexity of the procedure.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Christoph Schmitz, Christopher Alt, Alon R. Azares, David A. Pearce, Tiffany R. Facile, John P. Furia, Nicola Maffulli, Claire Huang, Eckhard U. Alt
Summary: Uncultured, unmodified, autologous, adipose-derived regenerative cells (UA-ADRCs) are a safe and effective treatment option for various musculoskeletal pathologies. However, it is unknown whether the composition of the final cell suspension systematically varies with the subject's individual age, sex, body mass index and ethnicity.
Editorial Material
Orthopedics
Nicola Maffulli
CLINICAL ORTHOPAEDICS AND RELATED RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Conall F. Murtagh, Elliott C. R. Hall, Thomas E. Brownlee, Barry Drust, Alun G. Williams, Robert M. Erskine
Summary: The aim of this review is to evaluate the genetic association with athlete status, physical performance, and injury risk in soccer. The most compelling evidence identifies several genetic polymorphisms associated with these factors. Further research and replication studies are necessary to identify new genetic markers and understand the physiological mechanisms involved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Andrea Casolo, Sumiaki Maeo, Thomas G. Balshaw, Marcel B. Lanza, Neil R. W. Martin, Stefano Nuccio, Tatiana Moro, Antonio Paoli, Francesco Felici, Nicola Maffulli, Bjoern Eskofier, Thomas M. Kinfe, Jonathan P. Folland, Dario Farina, Alessandro Del Vecchio
Summary: By combining non-invasive high-density surface EMG with muscle biopsy, the study investigated the relation between motor unit conduction velocity and muscle fibre diameter in the biceps brachii muscle. The results show the possibility of estimating muscle fibre size using conduction velocity estimates with low bias and individual error.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Review
Sport Sciences
Alexander S. Hart, Robert M. Erskine, David R. Clark
Summary: This article critically evaluates the scientific literature on the use of physical characteristics to explain ball-carrying capability in elite rugby union. The study found that sprint performance, vertical jump height, and peak power output are strongly correlated with game statistics associated with ball-carrying capability, while maximal lower-body strength shows only weak correlations. Further research is needed to assess the contribution of maximal lower-body strength, agility, repeated sprint ability, and aerobic capacity to ball-carrying capability in elite rugby union.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Orthopedics
Nicola Maffulli, Katarina Nilsson Helander, Filippo Migliorini
Summary: In both tendon repair and tendinopathy, symptoms may not align with the appearance of the affected tendon on imaging, suggesting a dissociation between morphology and symptoms. Asymptomatic abnormal findings have limited predictive value, and interventions based on imaging are inappropriate. Patient education and clinical monitoring are recommended. Planning interventions based on sonographic abnormalities in symptomatic tendinopathy may not be warranted. Current evidence is limited and caution is needed when interpreting incidental findings in athletes.
KNEE SURGERY SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY ARTHROSCOPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Clerici, Vera Citro, Amy L. Byrne, Tina P. Dale, Aldo R. Boccaccini, Giovanna Della Porta, Nicola Maffulli, Nicholas R. Forsyth
Summary: By comparing and contrasting different tendon cell populations, this study found that type II tendon stem cells (TSCs) are the most promising population for expansion due to their enhanced proliferative potential, multipotency, and maintenance of a tendon-specific profile. Furthermore, physoxia promotes enhanced proliferation and maintenance of a tenogenic profile in all tendon-derived cell populations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Mohamed Amine Ltifi, Mohamed Chedly Jlid, Jeremy Coquart, Nicola Maffulli, Roland van den Tillaar, Ridha Aouadi
Summary: This study compared the effects of different stretching methods on change of direction (COD) ability in soccer players. The results showed that dynamic stretching exercises improved COD, while other forms of stretching, particularly static stretching, negatively impacted COD performance. Coaches can consider integrating dynamic stretching protocols tailored to the athletes' specific needs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mark Lundeen, Jason L. Hurd, Matthew Hayes, Meredith Hayes, Tiffany R. Facile, John P. Furia, Nicola Maffulli, Christopher Alt, Eckhard U. Alt, Christoph Schmitz, David A. Pearce
Summary: This study found that the use of UA-ADRCs injections for sPTRCT treatment is more effective than corticosteroid injections in the long run and carries no greater risks. Subjects in the UA-ADRCs group showed significantly higher ASES Total scores.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)