Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessia Parascandolo, Mikko O. Laukkanen
Summary: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) family isoenzymes, including SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3, synthesize hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to regulate signal transduction. The cellular response to SOD3 is dose-dependent, with high concentrations reducing cell survival.
Article
Entomology
Kathryn T. Duncan, Meriam N. Saleh, Kellee D. Sundstrom, Susan E. Little
Summary: The study confirmed through morphological and molecular identification that the predominant Dermacentor species found on pets in the United States is Dermacentor variabilis, with higher prevalence in Rocky Mountain states. These data support the interpretation that D. variabilis is the major species associated with pets throughout the United States.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amrita Ahluwalia, Neil Hoa, Debbie Moreira, Daniel Aziz, Karanvir Singh, Khushin N. Patel, Ellis R. Levin
Summary: This study investigates the function of membrane estrogen receptor beta (ER beta) in opposing AngII-induced cardiac cell pathology. The results demonstrate that membrane ER beta plays a crucial role in mitigating cardiac cell pathology and provides insights into the mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Article
Immunology
Rubikah Vimonish, Janaina Capelli-Peixoto, Wendell C. Johnson, Hala E. Hussein, Naomi S. Taus, Kelly A. Brayton, Ulrike G. Munderloh, Susan M. Noh, Massaro W. Ueti
Summary: The tick midgut is crucial for the development and transmission of tick-borne pathogens, and a primary cell culture system derived from tick midgut tissues has been successfully developed to study the interactions between Anaplasma marginale and tick cells. Infection of the midgut cells by A. marginale was observed, and the differential expression of tick alpha-(1,3)-fucosyltransferases A1 and A2 was regulated upon infection. The study suggests that A. marginale utilizes core alpha-(1,3)-fucose of N-glycans to infect tick midgut cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentin Laplaud, Nicolas Levernier, Judith Pineau, Mabel San Roman, Lucie Barbier, Pablo J. Saez, Ana-Maria Lennon-Dumenil, Pablo Vargas, Karsten Kruse, Olivia du Roure, Matthieu Piel, Julien Heuvingh
Summary: The cell cortex is a contractile actin meshwork that determines cell shape and is essential for cell mechanics, migration, and division. The thickness of the cortex fluctuates in the third dimension due to actomyosin contractility, leading to a highly dynamic layer. This dynamic nature of the cortex may be responsible for the fast shape-changing capacity of highly contractile cells using amoeboid-like migration.
Article
Microbiology
Joseph A. A. Aspinwall, Shelby M. M. Jarvis, Susan M. M. Noh, Kelly A. A. Brayton
Summary: Through mixed infection and cell culture experiments, it was demonstrated that infection with Rickettsia bellii inhibits the replication and establishment of Anaplasma marginale in Dermacentor andersoni ticks. This study highlights the importance of the microbiome in tick-borne disease transmission and may provide potential avenues for controlling the spread of A. marginale.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jei-Ming Peng, Sheng-Hsuan Lin, Ming-Chin Yu, Sen-Yung Hsieh
Summary: CLIC1 regulates the formation of cell-matrix adhesions and membrane protrusions through the recruitment of PIP5Ks to the plasma membrane. Upregulated expression of CLIC1 in hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with tumor invasiveness, metastasis, and poor prognosis.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jisoo Song, Jiyeon Ham, Taeyeon Hong, Gwonhwa Song, Whasun Lim
Summary: Fraxetin extracted from Fraxinus rhynchophylla shows anticancer effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and disrupting cellular environments. It has the potential to be a therapeutic agent against HCC progression.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jesse Goyette, David Depoil, Zhengmin Yang, Samuel A. Isaacson, Jun Allard, P. Anton van der Merwe, Katharina Gaus, Michael L. Dustin, Omer Dushek
Summary: Protein-protein binding domains, such as the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains, play a critical role in signaling networks. Tandem SH2 domains can enhance binding affinity and specificity, but there is a trade-off between long-lived binding and rapid signaling reversal. This study shows that phosphatases can accelerate the unbinding rate of tandem SH2 domains, breaking the trade-off and allowing for efficient T cell antigen discrimination.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biology
Rebecca LaCroix, Benjamin Lin, Tae-Yun Kang, Andre Levchenko
Summary: Using a synthetic molecular interaction system, this study reveals that the translocation of a regulatory subunit of protein kinase A to the plasma membrane has paradoxical effects on membrane kinase activity. It can enhance activity at lower translocation levels, even in the absence of signaling inputs, and inhibit activity at higher translocation levels, suggesting its role as a linker that can couple and decouple signaling processes in a concentration-dependent manner. The study further demonstrates that the abundance gradient of the regulatory subunit can control the directionality of cell migration.
Article
Immunology
Ruby J. Siegel, Anil K. Singh, Paul M. Panipinto, Farheen S. Shaikh, Judy Vinh, Sang U. Han, H. Mark Kenney, Edward M. Schwarz, Cynthia S. Crowson, Sadik A. Khuder, Basil S. Khuder, David A. Fox, Salahuddin Ahmed
Summary: This study identified a potential role of Sulf-2 in the inflammatory response of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The study found that overexpression of Sulf-2, which is positively correlated with TNF receptor 1 expression, can be reduced to attenuate TNF-alpha-induced synovial inflammation.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fangyu Song, Wenshuo Zhang, Xiaohui Li, Xiaoqing Chen, Xuejun Yuan, Mingjin Jiang, Yunhe Zhao, Qingxin Liu, Zizhang Zhou
Summary: The main cause of high mortality in cancer patients is tumor metastasis, and exploring the underlying mechanism of tumor metastasis is important for clinical treatments. This study identifies the transcription factor Apt/FSBP as a suppressor for tumor metastasis, providing it as a potential drug target for tumor treatment.
Review
Immunology
Georgina I. Lopez-Cortes, Laura Diaz-Alvarez, Enrique Ortega
Summary: Proteins with enzymatic activity have been found to play multiple roles in processes like cell adhesion, showcasing their multifunctionality. Cell adhesion serves as a crucial process for cells, tightly regulated through various proteins, glycoproteins, and enzymes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Xiao-Wei Zhang, Lin Li, Wen-Qian Hu, Ming-Ning Hu, Yan Tao, Hui Hu, Xiao-Kang Miao, Wen-Le Yang, Qiong Zhu, Ling-Yun Mou
Summary: This study reveals that G protein-coupled receptor neurokinin-1 (NK1R) is significantly upregulated in lung cancer samples and is associated with advanced clinical stages and poor prognosis. NK1R co-expresses with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and interacts with it in tumor cells. Activation of NK1R promotes lung cancer cell proliferation and migration through EGFR signaling pathways. Inhibition of NK1R suppresses cell proliferation and migration, and knockdown of NK1R slows down tumor growth. The presence of a selective NK1R antagonist enhances the sensitivity of lung cancer cells to specific drugs.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Stefano Fumagalli, Mario Pende
Summary: This article reviews the potential mechanisms of S6K1's action on cell size by considering its main functional targets: substrates involved in nucleic acid and protein synthesis, fat mass accumulation, retrograde control of insulin action, senescence program, and cytoskeleton organization. The interconnection between cell size, regenerative and aging responses, in which S6K1 may be involved, is also discussed.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
