Article
Psychiatry
Li-Juan Nie, Jun Liang, Feng Shan, Bao-Shi Wang, Yuan-Yuan Mu, Xie-Hai Zhou, Qing-Rong Xia
Summary: The endogenous L-carnitine and its derivative acetyl-L-carnitine play a role in antidepressant effects and may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnosing MDD. The levels of serum LC and ALC are significantly reduced in patients with MDD, with potential diagnostic value. Furthermore, changes in LC and ALC concentrations could differentiate between effective and ineffective treatment of depression, indicating their potential as novel biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Thiraviyam Anand, Muniyandi Anbukkarasi, Philip Aloysius Thomas, Pitchairaj Geraldine
Summary: The study aimed to enhance the antioxidant and anticataractogenic properties of eugenol by encapsulating it in chitosan nanoparticles. The nanoparticles ranged in size from 200-600 nm and showed protective effects on human lenticular epithelial cells.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dong-Dong Wang, Tian-Yun Wang, Yang Yang, Su-Mei He, You-Mei Wang
Summary: The study found that l-carnitine can reduce body mass in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, while no significant effects were observed with acetyl-l-carnitine or propionyl-l-carnitine. To achieve 80% of the maximal effect, a minimum of 2 grams of l-carnitine daily for at least 2 weeks was required.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jun Chen, Tamara K. Singh, Sarah Al Nemri, Maheen Zaidi, Kelvin L. Billingsley, Jae Mo Park
Summary: Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is sensitive to various biological factors and dysregulation of OXPHOS is observed in the development of many pathological conditions. Acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) is an endogenous source of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and can be used to assess OXPHOS. In this study, hyperpolarized (HP) [1-C-13]ALCAR was developed as a noninvasive probe for investigating cardiac tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity in vivo. This study demonstrates the first use of HP methods with [1-C-13]ALCAR to analyze mitochondrial function and TCA cycle activity in the heart.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eva Imelda, Rinaldi Idroes, Khairan Khairan, Rodiah Rahmawaty Lubis, Abdul Hawil Abas, Ade John Nursalim, Mohamad Rafi, Trina Ekawati Tallei
Summary: Cataract is a major cause of blindness for 17 million people worldwide, accounting for about 47.9% of vision loss cases. The formation of cataracts is related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the decrease of endogenous antioxidants. Natural antioxidant compounds found in plants can be effective preventatives and inhibitors for cataracts. Further research can explore the use of natural antioxidant extracts for cataract therapy.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Abd El Kader Ait Tayeb, Romain Colle, Khalil El-Asmar, Kenneth Chappell, Cecile Acquaviva-Bourdain, Denis J. David, Severine Trabado, Philippe Chanson, Bruno Feve, Laurent Becquemont, Celine Verstuyft, Emmanuelle Corruble
Summary: This study found that patients with major depressive episodes have lower levels of peripheral acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) and higher levels of l-carnitine compared to healthy controls. After antidepressant treatment, these imbalances are restored, and the severity of mitochondrial dysfunction may predict the response to treatment.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Li-Juan Nie, Jun Liang, Feng Shan, Ya-Yun Xu, Chun-Yu Yan, Xuan Zhou, Zhuo-Yu Cheng, Qing-Rong Xia
Summary: A simple and selective ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of LC and ALC in human serum. The method showed good linearity, stability, and accuracy, making it suitable for clinical research studies.
BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Minglei Zhao, Tingfang Mei, Bizhi Shang, Bin Zou, Qing Lian, Wenchang Xu, Keling Wu, Yuhua Lai, Chujun Liu, Lai Wei, Jie Zhu, Kang Zhang, Yizhi Liu, Ling Zhao
Summary: The study demonstrates that a mouse model carrying Lss G589S mutation can recapitulate human congenital cataract and indicates the critical role of LSS in lens development. The mutation leads to opacity in eye lens formation, disrupted lens differentiation, and downregulation of cholesterol synthesis signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini, Valeria Giorgi, Simona Di Lascio, Diego Fornasari
Summary: Acetyl-L-carnitine plays a role in energy metabolism, has antioxidant properties, and modulates brain neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors. It has the potential for use in chronic pain, cognitive and mood disorders, inducing analgesia and preventing spinal sensitisation, with potential long-term effects on chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ariana Allen, Rupalatha Maddala, Camelia Eldawy, Ponugoti Vasantha Rao
Summary: This exploratory study reveals a role for the mechanical load and Piezo1 channel activity in the regulation of myosin II activity in lens, which could be relevant to lens shape change during accommodation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Tayler F. L. Wishart, Mary Flokis, Daisy Y. Shu, Shannon J. Das, Frank J. Lovicu
Summary: Lens homeostasis and transparency rely on the function and intercellular communication of its epithelia, and the breakdown of oxidative stress repair systems can lead to imbalanced redox homeostasis in the lens, ultimately resulting in the onset of cataractogenesis.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Reproductive Biology
Xu-dong Jiang, Yu Liu, Jian-fei Wu, San-ni Gong, Yao Ma, Xiang-dong Zi
Summary: Supplementation with acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) improved the viability of yak granulosa cells (GCs), reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid droplets, and promoted hormone synthesis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessio Ardizzone, Roberta Fusco, Giovanna Casili, Marika Lanza, Daniela Impellizzeri, Emanuela Esposito, Salvatore Cuzzocrea
Summary: The study demonstrated that the oral administration of a compound mixture of um-PEA and LAC significantly reduced paw edema, thermal hyperalgesia, inflammatory cell infiltration, and myeloperoxidase activity in a rat model of inflammatory pain induced by carrageenan. The combination of um-PEA and LAC showed superior anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects compared to individual administration of the compounds.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Giulia Malaguarnera, Vito Emanuele Catania, Gaetano Bertino, Laura Maria Chisari, Maria Castorina, Claudia Bonfiglio, Omar Cauli, Michele Malaguarnera
Summary: The study demonstrated that ALCAR treatment in pre-frail older patients can delay the onset and severity of degenerative disorders, improving memory and cognitive processes.
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Lucarini, Laura Micheli, Alessandra Toti, Clara Ciampi, Francesco Margiotta, Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli, Carla Ghelardini
Summary: This study evaluated the anti-hyperalgesic efficacy of ALCAR in a model of persistent visceral pain associated with colitis induced by DNBS injection. The results showed that ALCAR significantly reduced visceral hyperalgesia and partially reduced colon damage in rats, suggesting its potential usefulness as a food supplement for patients suffering from IBDs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Kavita Mallya, Dhanya Haridas, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Ramesh Pothuraju, Wade M. Junker, Shiv Ram Krishn, Sakthivel Muniyan, Raghupathy Vengoji, Surinder K. Batra, Satyanarayana Rachagani
Article
Oncology
Sakthivel Muniyan, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Seema Parte, Sushanta Halder, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Prakash Kshirsagar, Jawed A. Siddiqui, Raghupathy Vengoji, Sanchita Rauth, Ridwan Islam, Kavita Mallya, Kaustubh Datta, Lei Xi, Anindita Das, Benjamin A. Teply, Rakesh C. Kukreja, Surinder K. Batra
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Polymer Science
V. Kavimani, P. M. Gopal, K. R. Sumesh, R. Elanchezhian
Summary: The study found that Abutilon indicum is a better reducing agent for graphene oxide reduction. Adding BGO to the polymer matrix can improve tensile, flexural, and impact strength, but excessively adding BGO can have a negative effect on strength.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Venugopal Gunda, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh, Pratima Raut, Sakthivel Muniyan, Todd A. Wyatt, Daryl J. Murry, Surinder K. Batra, Satyanarayana Rachagani
Summary: This study revealed that cigarette smoke exposure enhances glutathione synthesis and activates NF-kappa B pathway in PDAC cells, promoting cell survival. Inhibition of NF-kappa B or depletion of cysteine impairs cell survival in smoke exposed conditions, but can be reversed by glutathione supplementation.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui, Ramesh Pothuraju, Parvez Khan, Gunjan Sharma, Sakthivel Muniyan, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Maneesh Jain, Mohd Wasim Nasser, Surinder Kumar Batra
Summary: Growth differentiation factor 15 or macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (GDF15/MIC-1) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and has diverse pathophysiological roles in cancers, cardiometabolic disorders, and other diseases. Its role in cancer development and progression is complicated and depends on the specific cancer type and stage, and its mechanisms are related to its receptor GFRAL.
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Thiraviyam Anand, Muniyandi Anbukkarasi, Philip Aloysius Thomas, Pitchairaj Geraldine
Summary: The study aimed to enhance the antioxidant and anticataractogenic properties of eugenol by encapsulating it in chitosan nanoparticles. The nanoparticles ranged in size from 200-600 nm and showed protective effects on human lenticular epithelial cells.
JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sanchita Rauth, Saswati Karmakar, Ashu Shah, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Rama Krishna Nimmakayala, Koelina Ganguly, Rakesh Bhatia, Sakthivel Muniyan, Sushil Kumar, Samikshan Dutta, Chi Lin, Kaustubh Datta, Surinder K. Batra, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy
Summary: The study revealed that PAF1/PD2 undergoes SUMOylation posttranslational modification in PDAC cells, enhancing cell resistance to radiation and impacting its interaction with PML protein. Inhibiting SUMOylation or PML can reduce cell proliferation in PDAC cells post-radiation, indicating the crucial role of SUMOylation in PDAC cell survival.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Arun Samidurai, Lei Xi, Anindita Das, Audra N. Iness, Navin G. Vigneshwar, Pin-Lan Li, Dinender K. Singla, Sakthivel Muniyan, Surinder K. Batra, Rakesh C. Kukreja
Summary: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a superfamily of enzymes that regulate the spatial and temporal relationship of second messenger signaling in the cellular system. The PDE1 sub-family consists of three subtypes with different affinities for cAMP and cGMP, and their catalytic activity is stimulated by binding to Ca2+/calmodulin, playing a critical role in various diseases.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Sakthivel Muniyan, Ramesh Pothuraju, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Surinder K. Batra
Summary: Despite advancements in cancer diagnosis and treatment, high burden of cancer still remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Cancer cell secretory factors, such as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), play a crucial role in modulating the tumor microenvironment and supporting tumor growth. Understanding the molecular regulation and downstream signaling of MIC-1 in cancer is important for developing effective therapeutic approaches.
Article
Oncology
Saravanakumar Marimuthu, Imayavaramban Lakshmanan, Sakthivel Muniyan, Shailendra K. Gautam, Rama Krishna Nimmakayala, Sanchita Rauth, Pranita Atri, Ashu Shah, Namita Bhyravbhatla, Kavita Mallya, Paul M. Grandgenett, Michael A. Hollingsworth, Kaustubh Datta, Maneesh Jain, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Surinder K. Batra
Summary: This study aimed to identify the molecular mechanism of liver metastasis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) mediated by MUC16. The expression of MUC16 was significantly high in PDAC tissues, PDAC organoids, and metastatic liver tissues, while no expression was observed in normal pancreatic tissues. MUC16 knockdown decreased the colony formation, migration, and endothelial/p-selectin binding in PDAC cells, while ectopic overexpression of MUC16-Cter increased colony formation and motility in pancreatic cancer cells. MUC16 promoted cell survival and colonization in the liver and enhanced liver metastasis in a mouse model. The integrated analyses suggested that MUC16 regulates NRP2 and induces metastasis in PDAC via the JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway.
MOLECULAR CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Imayavaramban Lakshmanan, Saravanakumar Marimuthu, Sanjib Chaudhary, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Satyanarayana Rachagani, Sakthivel Muniyan, Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata, Pranita Atri, Sanchita Rauth, Rama Krishna Nimmakayala, Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui, Shailendra K. Gautam, Ashu Shah, Gopalakrishnan Natarajan, Seema Parte, Namita Bhyravbhatla, Kavita Mallya, Dhanya Haridas, Geoffrey A. Talmon, Lynette M. Smith, Sushil Kumar, Apar Kishor Ganti, Maneesh Jain, Moorthy P. Ponnusamy, Surinder K. Batra
Summary: Muc16 plays an oncogenic role in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Deletion of Muc16 can decrease tumor progression and improve overall survival in mice models. Muc16 knockout reduces tumor microenvironment factors and incidence of liver and lung metastasis. Further research shows that Muc16 alters the expression of Actg2, Myh11, and Pdlim3 genes, affecting pancreatic cancer progression and metastasis.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amelie Bonaud, Laetitia Gargowitsch, Simon M. Gilbert, Elanchezhian Rajan, Pablo Canales-Herrerias, Daniel Stockholm, Nabila F. Rahman, Mark O. Collins, Hakan Taskiran, Danika L. Hill, Andres Alloatti, Nagham Alouche, Stephanie Balor, Vanessa Soldan, Daniel Gillet, Julien Barbier, Francoise Bachelerie, Kenneth G. C. Smith, Julia Jellusova, Pierre Bruhns, Sebastian Amigorena, Karl Balabanian, Michelle A. Linterman, Andrew A. Peden, Marion Espeli
Summary: We identified SNARE Sec22b as a critical regulator of plasma cell maintenance and function. In the absence of Sec22b, plasma cells were hardly detectable and serum antibody titers were dramatically reduced, leading to a failure in mounting a protective immune response. Mechanistically, Sec22b contributes to efficient antibody secretion and is involved in regulating plasma cell transcriptional identity, as well as the morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Medha Sonavane, Jose R. Almeida, Elanchezhian Rajan, Harry F. Williams, Felix Townsend, Elizabeth Cornish, Robert D. Mitchell, Ketan Patel, Sakthivel Vaiyapuri
Summary: The interactions between snake venom toxins and muscle constituents lead to severe muscle damage. Understanding the mechanisms of muscle degeneration/regeneration following snakebites is crucial for developing effective strategies to tackle this issue.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Jawed Akhtar Siddiqui, Parthasarathy Seshacharyulu, Sakthivel Muniyan, Ramesh Pothuraju, Parvez Khan, Raghupathy Vengoji, Sanjib Chaudhary, Shailendra Kumar Maurya, Subodh Mukund Lele, Maneesh Jain, Kaustubh Datta, Mohd Wasim Nasser, Surinder Kumar Batra
Summary: This study suggests that growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF15) plays a critical role in the modulation of bone microenvironment by prostate cancer (PCa). GDF15 promotes bone metastases and facilitates PCa growth in bone by activating osteoblasts and recruiting osteomacs.
Article
Ophthalmology
Antony A. Baskaran, Tanuja Britto, Raja T. Sowndher, Philip A. Thomas
Summary: The study compared the performance of different methods of NPC measurement among patients with various refractive errors. The results showed that hypermetropes performed poorly in the RG test, while myopes had better results with the PR test. There was disagreement between the methods, and variability varied among patients with different refractive errors.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
He-Yan Li, Li Dong, Xu-Han Shi, Rui-Heng Zhang, Wen-Da Zhou, Hao-Tian Wu, Chu-Yao Yu, Yi-Tong Li, Yi-Fan Li, Jost B. Jonas, Wen-Bin Wei, Yue-Ming Liu
Summary: This study aimed to examine the intraocular tolerability of cetuximab when applied intravitreally, and its effect on axial elongation. The results showed that intravitreal injections of cetuximab could reduce axial elongation in a dose-dependent and number of treatment-dependent manner, without causing intraocular toxic effects.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
James D. Cole, John A. McDaniel, Joelle Nilak, Ashley Ban, Carlos Rodriguez, Zuhaad Hameed, Marta Grannonico, Peter A. Netland, Hu Yang, Ignacio Provencio, Xiaorong Liu
Summary: Aniridia is a panocular condition characterized by the loss of iris, caused mainly by mutations in the PAX6 gene. This study assessed the effects of Pax6-haploinsufficiency on retinal morphology and vision in Pax6Sey mice. The results showed elevated intraocular pressure and declining visual acuity in Pax6Sey mice, along with local retinal damage and a possible neuroinflammatory response.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Subao Jiang, Ning Xia, Francesco Buonfiglio, Elsa W. Boehm, Qi Tang, Norbert Pfeiffer, Dominik Olinger, Huige Li, Adrian Gericke
Summary: This study found that a high-fat diet induces endothelial dysfunction in the ophthalmic artery, leading to impaired vascular function in the eye. The high-fat diet triggers oxidative stress and involves RAGE and NOX2.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Ophthalmology
Mala Upadhyay, Vera L. Bonilha
Summary: The sodium iodate (NaIO3) model is a valuable tool in studying dry AMD and evaluating the retinal structure. Through extensive research, it has been found that the death of RPE cells caused by NaIO3 injection is closely related to vision loss in patients with dry AMD. Therefore, studying NaIO3 can provide insights into the mechanisms of RPE and photoreceptor cell death and contribute to understanding RPE degeneration in AMD.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Vicki Chrysostomou, Katharina C. Bell, Sze Woei Ng, Samyuktha Suresh, Gayathri Karthik, Marion Millet, Yingying Chung, Jonathan G. Crowston
Summary: We present a new experimental model for inducing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and degeneration in mice. This model allows for the reliable induction of RGC dysfunction and loss, with the resilience of the optic nerve being dependent on the age of the animal. The time-defined nature of the functional and structural changes observed in this model will facilitate the study of glial responses and the evaluation of neuroprotective treatments after intraocular pressure (IOP) injury.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
