Journal
EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Volume 40, Issue 1, Pages 105-111Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.09.001
Keywords
Fertility; Evolution; Population biology; Evolutionary demography
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The forecasting of the future growth of world population is of critical importance to anticipate and address a wide range of global challenges. The United Nations produces forecasts of fertility and world population every two years. As part of these forecasts, they model fertility levels in post-demographic transition countries as tending toward a long-term mean, leading to forecasts of flat or declining population in these countries. We substitute this assumption of constant long-term fertility with a dynamic model, theoretically founded in evolutionary biology, with heritable fertility. Rather than stabilizing around a long-term level for post-demographic transition countries, fertility tends to increase as children from larger families represent a larger share of the population and partly share their parents' trait of having more offspring. Our results suggest that world population will grow larger in the future than currently anticipated.
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