☆ 4.6 Article

Lichen Sclerosus of the Male Genitalia and Urethra: Surgical Options and Results in a Multicenter International Experience with 215 Patients

EUROPEAN UROLOGY (2009)

Journal

EUROPEAN UROLOGY

Volume 55, Issue 4, Pages 945-956

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ELSEVIER

DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2008.07.046

Keywords

Lichen sclerosus; Balanitis xerotica obliterans; Urethral stricture; Urethroplasty

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Abstract

Background: Surgical options in male patients with genital lichen sclerosus (LS) involving the anterior urethra still represent a challenging issue. Objective: To review the outcome of surgical treatment in patients with genital and urethral LS. Design, setting, and participants: Multicenter, international, retrospective, observational descriptive study performed in two specialized centers. Two hundred fifteen male patients underwent surgery for histologically proven genital LS involving the foreskin and/or the anterior urethra. Intervention: Circumcision (34 cases), meatotomy (15 cases), circumcision and meatotomy (8 cases), one-stage penile oral mucosal graft urethroplasty (8 cases), two-stage penile oral mucosal graft urethroplasty (15 cases), one-stage bulbar oral mucosal graft urethroplasty (88 cases), and definitive perineal urethrostomy (47 cases). Measurements: Primary outcome was considered a failure when any postoperative instrumentation was needed, including dilation, or when recurrence was diagnosed. Results and limitations: The average follow-up was 56 mo (range: 12-170 mo). Circumcision showed 100% success rate with no recurrence of the disease; meatotomy, 80% success rate; circumcision and meatotomy, 100% success rate; one-stage penile oral mucosal graft urethroplasty, 100% success rate; two-stage penile oral mucosal graft urethroplasty, 73% success rate; one-stage bulbar oral mucosal graft urethroplasty, 91% success rate; and definitive perineal urethrostomy, 72% success rate. Limitations include short follow-up for recording neoplastic degeneration and no instrument to investigate quality of life. Conclusions: Patients with LS disease restricted to the foreskin and/or external urinary meatus showed a high surgery success rate. in patients with penile urethral strictures or panurethral strictures, the use of one-stage oral graft urethroplasty showed greater success than the staged procedures. (C) 2008 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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Lichen sclerosus: The 2023 update

David A. De Luca, Cristian Papara, Artem Vorobyev, Hernan Staiger, Katja Bieber, Diamant Thaci, Ralf J. Ludwig

Summary: Lichen sclerosus (LS) is an inflammatory mucocutaneous condition primarily affecting postmenopausal women, with unknown etiology. LS is associated with factors such as hormonal status, trauma, and autoimmune diseases. LS pathogenesis involves genetic predisposition, immune-mediated mechanisms, tissue remodeling genes, and oxidative stress. LS presents as chronic whitish atrophic patches with itching and soreness in the genital and anal regions. Treatment options include topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors. LS is a common dermatological disease with an incompletely understood pathogenesis and limited treatment options.

FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE (2023)