Comparison of three schedules of intravesical epirubicin in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Objectives: To study the additive effect of either an early instillation or maintenance instillations of adjuvant intravesical epirubicin, as compared to the epirubicin standard treatment schedule only, in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Methods: Patients with intermediate- and high-risk urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder, except carcinoma in situ, were randomised for adjuvant intravesical. instillations with 50 mg epirubicin/50 ml NaCl for 1 h. Group 1 received 4 weekly and 5 monthly instillations (standard schedule), group 2 received the same schedule as group 1, but with an additional instillation < 48 h after transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT), and group 3 received the same scheme as group 1, but with additional instillations at 9 and 12 mo (maintenance schedule). Standard follow-up was 5 yr and consisted of cystoscopy, cytology, and registration of adverse events. Results: A total of 731 patients were eligible for quasi intention-to-treat analysis. Side-effects were minimal for all treatment groups. After 5-yr follow-up, respectively, 44.4%, 42.7%, and 45.0% (log-rank test, p = 0.712) of the patients in groups 1, 2, and 3 were recurrence free, and 90.0%, 87.7%, and 88.2% (log-rank test, p = 0.593) of the patients, respectively, were progression free. Conclusions: In the quasi intention-to-treat analysis there is no difference in the 5-yr recurrence-free period between the treatment groups, despite one instillation within 48 h of TURBT or two maintenance instillations up to 1 yr, in addition to the standard schedule. (c) 2007 European Association of Urology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.