Vitamin D and skeletal muscle strength and endurance in COPD

It is not known whether vitamin D levels make a significant contribution to muscle dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In 104 COPD patients (mean +/- SD forced expiratory volume in 1 s 44 +/- 22 % predicted) and 100 age- and sex-matched controls, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)(2)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were measured and related to quadriceps strength and endurance. In a subset of 26 patients and 13 controls, quadriceps biopsy was performed and mRNA expression of myogenic regulatory factors (mrf) and fibre-specific myosin heavy chains (MHC) was determined. COPD patients were weaker and less physically active than controls. 25(OH)D levels were similar in both groups (48.5 +/- 25.5 nmol.L-1 COPD versus 55.4 +/- 28.3 nmol.L-1 control, p=0.07) but PTH levels were significantly higher in patients (5.2 +/- 2.3 pmol.mL(-1) versus 4.4 +/- 2.0 pmol.L-1, p=0.01). 1,25(OH)D was significantly correlated with strength in controls, but not in COPD patients and not with quadriceps endurance assessed using repetitive magnetic stimulation in COPD (n=35) or control (n=35) subjects. In controls, but not COPD patients, muscle biopsy analysis showed a negative relationship between 25(OH)D and MHCIla expression (r(2)=0.5, p=0.01) and a positive relationship between mrf4 and MHCIla expression (r(2)=0.5, p=0.009), and myogenic regulatory factor myf5 and MHCl expression (r(2)=0.72, p=0.004). In contrast with healthy controls, muscle strength is not associated with vitamin D levels in COPD, which may represent vitamin D resistance.