Review
Microbiology
Celine Betti, Pietro Camozzi, Viola Gennaro, Mario G. Bianchetti, Martin Scoglio, Giacomo D. Simonetti, Gregorio P. Milani, Sebastiano A. G. Lava, Alessandra Ferrarini
Summary: This study documented cases of leukocytoclastic small-vessel vasculitis in children following symptomatic diseases caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Patients with systemic vasculitis and skin-limited vasculitis did not significantly differ in terms of gender and age, and most patients recovered within 12 weeks.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adalberto Santos, Helena Pite, Claudia Chaves-Loureiro, Silvia M. Rocha, Luis Taborda-Barata
Summary: Bronchial asthma is a chronic disease with various subtypes that can be studied using clinical and inflammatory parameters. Metabolomics studies help to identify the metabolic characteristics of different asthma subtypes and can be useful for personalized treatment approaches.
Review
Respiratory System
Christina Baggott, Jo Katherine Hardy, Jenny Sparks, Donah Sabbagh, Richard Beasley, Mark Weatherall, James Fingleton
Summary: The systematic review found that epinephrine and selective beta(2)-agonists have similar efficacy in acute asthma, but there is low-quality evidence and a need for high-quality double-blind RCTs to determine if the addition of intramuscular epinephrine to inhaled or nebulised selective beta(2)-agonist improves outcomes.
Review
Pediatrics
Siddharth Mahesh, Mahesh Babu Ramamurthy
Summary: This article synthesizes the latest research on acute asthma management and provides a practical guide. It reviews the use of clinical severity score and objective assessments based on history and clinical findings. Evidence-based pathways and stepwise approaches are provided for managing acute asthma in various healthcare settings, dispelling popular myths and clarifying practices related to asthma management and medication use.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Sima K. Ramratnam, Alexandre Lockhart, Cynthia M. Visness, Agustin Calatroni, Daniel J. Jackson, Peter J. Gergen, Leonard B. Bacharier, George T. O'Connor, Megan T. Sandel, Meyer Kattan, Robert A. Wood, James E. Gern
Summary: Maternal stress and depression in early life are positively associated with respiratory illnesses and a moderate-wheeze-low-atopy phenotype in urban children, indicating the importance of addressing these factors to reduce viral respiratory illnesses and recurrent wheeze during early childhood.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Torie Grant, Travis Lilley, Meredith C. McCormack, Paul J. Rathouz, Roger Peng, Corinne A. Keet, Ana Rule, Meghan Davis, Susan Balcer-Whaley, Michelle Newman, Elizabeth C. Matsui
Summary: This study investigated the association between indoor exposures and air trapping in urban children with asthma. The results showed that mouse allergen exposure was associated with air trapping, while other indoor exposures were not.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Tajidine Tsiavia, Joseph Henny, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Nicolas Roche, Laurent Orsi, Rachel Nadif
Summary: This study classified asthma inflammatory phenotypes and found differences in clinical expressions between the phenotypes, which is important for improving asthma management and studying environmental risk factors.
Article
Pediatrics
Bing Wei, Yan-Hong Dang, Xiang-Ping Liu, Miao Li
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the differences in characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) among children with and without asthma, as well as among children with asthma with and without inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy. The study found that children with asthma had higher chances of wheezing compared to those without asthma. Furthermore, children with asthma who received ICS therapy had fewer and less severe exacerbations of MPP compared to those without ICS therapy. ICS therapy was identified as an independent protective factor against exacerbation.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Byoungjun Kim, Candace Mulready-Ward, Lorna E. Thorpe, Andrea R. Titus
Summary: This study examines the association between housing type and asthma outcomes among adults and children in New York City. The findings suggest that living in public housing or rental assistance housing is associated with a higher risk of asthma morbidity, especially among ever smokers.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Wangming Sun, Lingzhi Pan, Weixi Zhang
Summary: This retrospective study included 1702 children with acute asthma, among which 5.29% were readmitted within one year. Patients with a history of eczema and positive MP antibody IgM were more likely to be readmitted. Therefore, targeted long-term postdischarge follow-up is crucial for these children.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Yinhe Feng, Xiaoyin Liu, Yubin Wang, Rao Du, Hui Mao
Summary: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airway inflammation and hyper-responsiveness. It can be divided into four inflammatory phenotypes based on the profile of inflammatory cells in sputum: eosinophilic, neutrophilic, paucigranulocytic, and mixed-granulocytic. Paucigranulocytic asthma, which is less studied compared to other phenotypes, is the most common in stable asthmatic patients. Understanding of paucigranulocytic asthma in terms of its characteristics, biomarkers, underlying mechanism, and current therapies is lacking, and this review aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive overview.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
A. Cristina Paulo, Joao Lanca, Sonia T. Almeida, Markus Hilty, Raquel Sa-Leao
Summary: This study investigated the composition of the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal microbiota in healthy adults and found significant differences between the two. The presence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, smoking habits, and contact with children were identified as important factors influencing the microbiota in the upper respiratory tract of adults.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Rachel L. Eddy, Marrissa J. McIntosh, Alexander M. Matheson, David G. McCormack, Christopher Licskai, Grace Parraga
Summary: Using functional MRI airway biomarkers, we derived four distinct asthma phenotypic clusters. This imaging-based cluster analysis may challenge the existing definitions of asthma phenotypes and treatment decisions.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Ji Soo Park, Dong In Suh, Dae Jin Song, Hey-Sung Baek, Meeyong Shin, Young Yoo, Ji-Won Kwon, Gwang Cheon Jang, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Eun Lee, Hwan Soo Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Sung-Il Woo, Hyung Young Kim, Youn Ho Shin, Ju Suk Lee, Jisun Yoon, Sungsu Jung, Minkyu Han, Eunjin Eom, Jinho Yu, Woo Kyung Kim, Dae Hyun Lim, Jin Tack Kim
Summary: This study aimed to predict exacerbation-prone asthma (EPA) in children. The findings suggest that in addition to asthma control level, baseline lung function and white blood cell count are important factors for predicting EPA.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shweta Saraf, Anneke Grobler, Richard S. Liu, Mengjiao Liu, Melissa Wake, Tim Olds, Kate Lycett, Markus Juonala, Sarath Ranganathan, David Burgner, Jessica A. Kerr
Summary: The study found that frequent takeaway food consumption in adults is associated with adverse blood lipids and vascular function, mainly mediated by BMI. However, there were no strong associations in children, highlighting opportunities for prevention.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Hajar Ali, Collin Brooks, Yu-Chieh Tzeng, Julian Crane, Richard Beasley, Peter Gibson, Philip Pattemore, Thorsten Stanley, Neil Pearce, Jeroen Douwes
Summary: This study found that autonomic nervous system activity is not associated with pathophysiology or inflammatory phenotype in young asthmatics with generally well-controlled asthma. However, enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity can be detected in asthmatics with airway hyperreactivity or who use beta-agonist medication.
Review
Allergy
Ian D. Pavord, Peter J. Barnes, Catherine Lemiere, Peter G. Gibson
Summary: Optimizing asthma diagnosis is crucial for reducing the burden of asthma globally. A compound diagnostic approach and label are now required due to the complexity and heterogeneity of different forms of asthma. By recognizing typical symptoms and abnormal physiology, asthma can be identified, and further features such as eosinophilic or type 2 inflammation can be used to give a compound diagnostic label of eosinophilic asthma, which provides important information about future exacerbation risk and treatment responsiveness. Implementing treatable traits and using targeted assessment allows for a specific treatment plan based on a pragmatic and iterative process. (c) 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023;11:1-8)
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Vanessa E. Murphy, Annelies L. Robijn, Tommy B. Metcalfe, Thomas K. Wright, Peter G. Gibson, Kirsten McCaffery, Megan E. Jensen
Summary: This study investigated beliefs about medicines in pregnant women with asthma and their association with adherence to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The findings showed that ICS users were more likely to perceive that the benefits of medication use outweighed any risks, while non-adherence was not associated with having relatively more concerns about asthma medicines.
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Peter G. Gibson
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Peter G. G. Gibson
Article
Respiratory System
Eleanor C. Majellano, Rose L. Bell, Anthony W. Flynn, Anne Mckenzie, Sundram Sivamalai, Michele Goldman, Lauren Vaughan, Peter G. Gibson
Summary: Through an online survey and consensus workshops, this study identified 10 priority research themes for asthma that reflect the needs of end-users. These findings can help bridge the gap between research priorities and the needs of people living with asthma.
Review
Respiratory System
Paul Leong, Peter G. Gibson, Anne E. Vertigan, Mark Hew, Vanessa M. McDonald, Philip G. Bardin
Summary: This article summarizes the discussions and recommendations of an international roundtable conference on VCD/ILO. The conference aimed to improve the consistency in diagnosis, understanding of pathogenesis, current management, and research questions for VCD/ILO. The participants highlighted the need for clear diagnostic criteria and exploration of new diagnostic technologies. The complex pathogenesis of the disease and the lack of evidence-based treatment standards were also discussed, along with the importance of multidisciplinary care models and patient perspectives.
Article
Respiratory System
J. Michael Ramsahai, Jodie L. Simpson, Alistair Cook, Peter G. Gibson, Vanessa McDonald, Christopher Grainge, Liam G. Heaney, Peter A. B. Wark
Summary: This study tests the efficacy of an algorithm to guide the adjustment of oral corticosteroids using blood eosinophil count and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide levels in the treatment of severe asthma. The results show that this biomarker-based management approach can decrease the odds of emergency department visits.
Article
Respiratory System
Netsanet A. Negewo, Peter G. Gibson, Jodie L. Simpson, Vanessa M. McDonald, Katherine J. Baines
Summary: This study aimed to characterize the transcriptional phenotypes of COPD and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Two main clusters and four sub-clusters were identified based on sputum gene expression profiles. Severity of lung function was found to drive gene expression differences, with downregulated genes mainly involved in lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism, oxidation/reduction and mitochondrial function, antigen processing and presentation, complement activation, innate immune responses, and immune and metabolic processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Vanessa M. Mcdonald, Gregory Archbold, Tesfalidet Beyene, Bronwyn K. Brew, Peter Franklin, Peter G. Gibson, John Harrington, Philip M. Hansbro, Fay H. Johnston, Paul D. Robinson, Michael Sutherland, Deborah Yates, Graeme R. Zosky, Michael J. Abramson
Summary: Landscape fires are becoming more frequent and severe worldwide, causing a significant health and socioeconomic burden, especially in Australia. People with asthma are especially susceptible to the effects of landscape fire smoke (LFS) exposure. This position statement highlights the impact of LFS on individuals with asthma, particularly vulnerable groups, and provides guidance on asthma management, smoke mitigation strategies, and access to air quality information during periods of LFS.
Review
Respiratory System
Peter G. Gibson, Vanessa M. McDonald, Dennis Thomas
Summary: The landscape of asthma has changed significantly in the last decade with the development of effective medications and inhaler devices. However, the proportion of uncontrolled patients remains high, primarily due to factors such as inappropriate use of medications, disease heterogeneity, and other contributing factors. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) with or without long-acting beta agonists (LABA) are currently the mainstay of asthma management. The future of asthma treatment will involve personalized medications and smart inhalers to improve adherence, inhaler technique, and polypharmacy. Precision medicine approaches, such as treatable traits (TTs), aim to identify and manage specific clinically important factors to optimize treatment. Research and validation of TTs in different clinical settings and populations are ongoing. Combination inhaler therapy and the TTs approach are complementary treatment strategies.
Review
Respiratory System
Hayley Lewthwaite, Anthony Byrne, Bruce Brew, Peter G. Gibson
Summary: Long COVID is a new and complex chronic health condition experienced by one in eight adults following acute COVID-19. 'Treatable Traits' is a personalized medicine approach that can address the complexity and heterogeneity of this condition, by identifying and targeting the most prevalent treatable traits associated with long COVID. Current evidence supports exercise training or respiratory muscle training for long COVID treatable traits in the chest and functional limitation clusters, but further high-quality research is needed for other treatable traits.
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Peter G. Gibson
Editorial Material
Allergy
Paola D. Urroz Guerrero, Peter G. Gibson
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
