Article
Biology
Thomas W. Scott, Geoff Wild
Summary: Social behaviours are typically modelled using neighbour-modulated fitness, but the interpretation is often unclear. This study presents a systematic methodology for constructing inclusive-fitness models, which focuses on individuals altering the fitness of neighbours. The approach is simpler and provides a clearer narrative of inclusive fitness compared to traditional neighbour-modulated fitness methodologies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sara Abdou, Nikki Forrester
Summary: Biotechnologist Sara Abdou investigates the genetics behind color regulation in ornamental flowers.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Francis Owusu, Thulasinath Raman Venkatesan, Frank A. Nueesch, Ricardo Martin Negri, Dorina M. Opris
Summary: Piezoelectrics are important in modern electronics and electric devices, but integrating them into flexible wearable electronics has been a challenge. Researchers have been focusing on developing piezoelectric materials with improved properties to overcome this limitation. This review summarizes the recent developments in the field of piezoelectric elastomers and discusses their potential applications in sensors and energy harvesting.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
News Item
Biochemical Research Methods
Vivien Marx
Summary: Some researchers are lucky enough to have two academic affiliations, although sometimes these affiliations are not conveniently located for commuting.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas D. Albright
Summary: Much of forensic practice today involves human decisions about patterned sensory evidence. The high costs of failure in forensic pattern comparison disciplines have led to calls for caution and improvement. The scientific community studying human information processing offers valuable perspectives to enhance forensic practices.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alfonso San-Miguel
Summary: Despite being the hardest natural material, diamonds are still prone to shattering. Atomically disordered forms of diamond made from buckyballs may offer a solution to this issue while also optimizing other properties.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Naoki Egami, Christian J. Fong, Justin Grimmer, Margaret E. Roberts, Brandon M. Stewart
Summary: Text as data techniques have the potential to test social science theories by using large collections of text. However, estimating the latent representation of the text may introduce risks. To address these risks, a split-sample workflow is introduced for rigorous causal inferences.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Romain Sacchi, Viola Becattini, Paolo Gabrielli, Brian Cox, Alois Dirnaichner, Christian Bauer, Marco Mazzotti
Summary: To achieve net-zero emissions, Europe's aviation sector must address not only flight CO2 emissions but also other climate impacts. Synthetic fuels and carbon capture and storage technologies can help, but reducing air traffic is crucial due to non-CO2 climate impacts and resource constraints.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Mariarosaria Marseglia, Adriana Amaro, Nicola Solari, Rosaria Gangemi, Elena Croce, Enrica Teresa Tanda, Francesco Spagnolo, Gilberto Filaci, Ulrich Pfeffer, Michela Croce
Summary: Despite improvements in early identification and control of primary uveal melanoma, 50% of patients develop metastatic disease with little efficacy from targeted therapies. Immunotherapy, although effective in cutaneous melanoma, shows limited results in treating uveal melanoma due to its unique tumor microenvironment and immune responses.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abel Brodeur, Anna Dreber, Fernando Hoces de la Guardia, Edward Miguel
Summary: In certain areas of social science, around 50% of studies cannot be replicated. A new initiative of test-fast, fail-fast aims to identify what research is popular and what is not.
News Item
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. Douglas Stone
Summary: A decade ago, the anti-laser gained attention as a perfect absorber that traps light in one direction. Recent experiments have shown that it is possible to control light without absorbing it.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yihan Song, Michaela Dunleavy, Lei Li
Summary: Researchers have developed a simple and effective method to make plastic surfaces hydrophilic/oleophobic by coating them with a perfluoropolyether and irradiating them with UV/Ozone. The treated plastics exhibit both hydrophilicity and oleophobicity, as confirmed by contact angle measurements and FTIR results. These functionalized plastics show superior antifogging performance and detergent-free cleaning capability, and do not degrade in aging tests.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Oleg A. Kryzhanovskij, Natalia A. Baburina, Anastasia O. Ljovkina
Summary: Digitalization has a significant impact on social-economic processes, requiring wise policies to ensure progress and happiness for everyone. The study found a close correlation between subjective and objective indicators of quality of life and digitalization, highlighting the potential of utilizing a two-dimensional matrix as a tool for managing digitalization in the context of social progress and increasing quality of life.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amber Dance
Summary: Researchers discuss past sabbatical breaks and offer advice on taking one after the pandemic-related stresses.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Nicholas J. Tosca, Benjamin M. Tutolo
Summary: Alkaline lakes are unique and important surface environments on Earth, linked to biogeochemistry, climatic sensitivity, and mineral deposits. The concept of chemical divides, proposed by Hardie and Eugster, has provided a framework for understanding the complexity of non-marine evaporites and integrating new advances in mineral-water equilibria, sedimentology, and paleoclimatology. These advancements are revealing a detailed understanding of how alkaline waters form and interact with magmatic and atmospheric CO2, both in the present and the distant past.
