Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Naho Hanada, Kenjirou Higashi, Zhijing Zhao, Keisuke Ueda, Kunikazu Moribe
Summary: Ternary amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of probucol (PBC)/polymer/surfactant were successfully prepared by hot-melt extrusion method. The ASDs stabilized amorphous PBC mainly through hydrogen bonds formed between PBC and the polymer (PVP). Colloidal dispersions of amorphous PBC nanoparticles were obtained from the ASD using a weight ratio of 1:4:2 for PBC/PVP/P407, and the stability of the amorphous state was confirmed through storage experiments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Zhicheng Chang, Yafei Wang, Zhiyu Zhang, Ke Gao, Guanyi Hou, Jianxiang Shen, Liqun Zhang, Jun Liu
Summary: The study explores the impact of nanoparticle filling fraction and interaction strength between polymer chains and nanoparticles on the creep behavior of polymer nanocomposites using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. Results show that increasing filler volume fraction and interaction strength enhance the creep resistance of PNCs, with the presence of single-chain bridge structures contributing to improved creep performance. Understanding these factors can provide guidelines for manipulating the creep mechanics of PNCs.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Khater AL-Japairai, Samah Hamed Almurisi, Syed Mahmood, Thiagarajan Madheswaran, Bappaditya Chatterjee, Prasanthi Sri, Nadiatul Azra Binti Ahmad Mazlan, Turki Al Hagbani, Fawaz Alheibshy
Summary: Oral administration of drugs is preferred for being non-invasive, easy to administer, and easy to store. However, the poor solubility of drugs in oral formulations limits their effectiveness and commercial value. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), a method that changes the molecular structure of drugs to improve solubility, is being used with the emerging hot melt extrusion (HME) method in the pharmaceutical industry. Despite solving solubility issues, ASD also poses a risk of crystallization, requiring optimization in formulation, polymers, and HME manufacturing processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Kinga Biedrzycka, Agnieszka Marcinkowska
Summary: In this study, the hot melt extrusion method was used to obtain an amorphous dispersion of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) that is sparingly soluble in water. The extrusion conditions included a screw rotation speed of 250 rpm, temperature above 100°C, and two mixing zones. The use of Eudragit EPO as a polymer matrix and ibuprofen as an API was investigated. The addition of the plasticizer Compritol 888 ATO improved processing parameters and modified the release profile of ibuprofen. The obtained solid dispersions showed good stability and released about 40% to 63% of the API within 180 minutes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mitul Patel, Daniel Schwendemann, Giorgia Spigno, Shiyu Geng, Linn Berglund, Kristiina Oksman
Summary: The use of biobased dispersant TEC improved the dispersion of ChNCs in the PLA matrix, with the best dispersion observed in the nanocomposite prepared with 15 wt% TEC. This resulted in mechanical properties similar to commonly used polymers, demonstrating enhanced melt viscosity, melt strength, and antibacterial activity in the nanocomposite with the highest TEC content (15 wt%).
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Esmail Sharifzadeh, Mahshad Karami, Fiona Ader
Summary: In this study, the effects of nanoparticle aggregates and agglomerates on the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites were comprehensively investigated. A specific strategy based on the equilibrium between dispersion and cohesion energies was proposed to define the content and size of aggregates/agglomerates. Aggregated/agglomerated networks with co-continuous morphology were considered in constrained volumes (CVs). An equivalent box model (EBM) was used to predict the tensile modulus of the nanocomposites. The model was validated using experimental results of HDPE nanocomposite samples and compared with data from the literature.
POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tianyang Ren, Jin Chen, Pan Qi, Peifu Xiao, Puxiu Wang
Summary: This study successfully prepared Goserelin-loaded long-acting microspheres with reduced initial release and prolonged drug release time using the hot-melt extrusion and oil-in-water methods. The Goserelin molecules in the microspheres existed as molecular or amorphous state, resulting in lower burst release and stable drug release in vivo.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jiawei Han, Mengyuan Tang, Yang Yang, Wen Sun, Zhimin Yue, Yunran Zhang, Yijun Zhu, Xiaoqian Liu, Jue Wang
Summary: This review discusses the use of solid dispersion systems as an effective formulation strategy to enhance the performance of poorly water-soluble drugs. It provides a comprehensive understanding of SD classification and highlights the most popular amorphous solid dispersions. Furthermore, it proposes a systematic design strategy for satisfactory ASDs and explores the application of hot melt extrusion as a continuous manufacturing technique.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Stephen A. Thompson, Daniel A. Jr Jr Davis, Chaeho Moon, Robert O. I. I. I. I. I. I. Williams
Summary: Maximizing the drug loading of pH-dependent APIs in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) produced by hot-melt extrusion (HME) can reduce pill burden without compromising dissolution performance. By incorporating bases to modify pH during HME, the drug loading (w/w) of telmisartan in ASDs was significantly increased from 5% to 50%. The stability of the polymer Soluplus when extruded with a strong base was also examined.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Visuta Engkagul, Chris Rader, Nanetta Pon, Stuart J. Rowan, Christoph Weder
Summary: By combining a cationic polymer with negatively charged, carboxylated CNCs provided as a sodium salt, nanocomposites with a high CNC content can be prepared, resulting in significant reinforcement without CNC aggregation.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hengqian Wu, Zhengping Wang, Yanna Zhao, Yan Gao, Heng Zhang, Lili Wang, Zhe Wang, Jun Han
Summary: A ternary amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) system consisting of drug/polymer/surfactant is used to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The impact of surfactants on the properties of the ASD formulations needs further study. By adjusting the feeding position of Span 20, the effect of surfactant on the properties of PVPVA-based ASD formulations of ritonavir was investigated. The delayed addition of Span 20 enhanced the supersaturation ability of the ASDs and improved the complex viscosity of PVPVA.
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Min Park, Ji-un Jang, Jinwoo Oh, Jong Hyuk Park, Jaewoo Kim, Seong Yun Kim
Summary: A method utilizing Light-intensity Dispersion Index (LDI) has been proposed to quantitatively evaluate the dispersion of composite materials, particularly those containing nano-sized fillers. The method focuses on analyzing light scattering distribution on optical microscopy images to determine the uniformity of dispersion based on the intensity peaks present.
FIBERS AND POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Masataka Hanada, Scott Jermain, Stephen A. Thompson, Hirosuke Furuta, Mamoru Fukuda, Robert O. Williams
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of a ternary amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) designed for immediate-release tablet with high drug load, which showed heightened maintenance of drug supersaturation during dissolution testing. The ternary ASD granules produced by hot melt extrusion exhibited significantly improved maintenance ability of drug supersaturation under neutral pH conditions, leading to immediate and higher release of the drug compared to binary ASD tablets.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenjing Zhu, Wenling Fan, Xiaotong Zhang, Meiqi Gao
Summary: This study successfully prepared a sustained-release solid dispersion of poorly water-soluble resveratrol using hot melt extrusion. The formulation with a specific polymeric blend was able to control the release of resveratrol. The optimized solid dispersion showed good sustained release effect, increased solubility, and improved bioavailability.
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Chenghu Kang, Jianlin Xu, Lei Niu, Chengsi Li, Jiliang Fan
Summary: This paper develops robust methods for the quantitative assessment of dispersion in polymer nanocomposites, based on modeling evaluation and direct analysis of scanning electron microscopy micrographs using binary image technology. The dispersion degree and its effect on the tensile modulus of nanocomposites are calculated and analyzed, respectively. The mean distance value between nanoparticles is measured and the dispersion index D is defined to compare different samples' dispersion states.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yurong Yan, Weipei Li, Ruitian Zhu, Chao Lin, Rudolf Hufenus
Summary: The study found that filling PEG1000 phase change material in PP fibers had minimal impact on the enthalpies of melting and solidification of the PCM, with a maximum filling ratio of about 83% and high encapsulation efficiencies. The thermal stability of PEG was not significantly affected by the PP encasing, showing reversibility in latent heat release and storage properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rashid Nazir, Ali Gooneie, Sandro Lehner, Milijana Jovic, Patrick Rupper, Noemie Ott, Rudolf Hufenus, Sabyasachi Gaan
Summary: A study synthesized three novel alkyl sulfone bridged phosphorus compounds with high thermal stability and flame retardant effects, suitable for blending with polypropylene to form thin films. Experimental results demonstrate that these compounds can effectively reduce the heat release rate of polypropylene.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
E. Perret, O. Braun, K. Sharma, S. Tritsch, R. Muff, R. Hufenus
Summary: A high-resolution Raman mapping method has been developed to analyze structural anisotropies in thin filament cross-sections, revealing microscopic networks of crystalline strands within a low crystalline matrix. This method provides insights into how fiber processing parameters affect radial fiber structures.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jean Schoeller, Fabian Itel, Karin Wuertz-Kozak, Sandra Gaiser, Nicolas Luisier, Dirk Hegemann, Stephen J. Ferguson, Giuseppino Fortunato, Rene M. Rossi
Summary: Surface functionalization of electrospun nanofibers allows for the introduction of additional functionalities while retaining high porosity and surface-to-volume ratio. In this study, chitosan and alginate were sequentially deposited on PLGA nanofibers to form a polyelectrolyte complex for controlled release of ibuprofen. Chitosan with a positive surface charge regulated the interactions between the drug and the coating, resulting in slower release at acidic pH compared to neutral pH.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
K. Sharma, O. Braun, S. Tritsch, R. Muff, R. Hufenus, E. Perret
Summary: This study provides a detailed analysis of the structural data of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) monofilaments and PET-polyamide 6 (PA6) filaments using various analytical techniques, including Raman mapping, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle x-ray diffraction, small-angle x-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy imaging.
Article
Polymer Science
E. Perret, K. Chen, O. Braun, R. Muff, R. Hufenus
Summary: Surface properties of monofilaments can be tailored with radial structural gradients, which are strongly affected by the drawing method. Offline drawn filaments have lower surface crystallinity while online drawn filaments exhibit the opposite. The long-spacing between crystals increases towards the fiber surface and is larger in fibers with higher drawing extent.
Article
Polymer Science
Figen Selli, Rudolf Hufenus, Ali Gooneie, Umit Halis Erdogan, Edith Perret
Summary: Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hexanoate) (PHBH) is a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester that shows potential for textile and medical applications. In this study, we aimed to develop a scalable melt-spinning method to produce fine biodegradable PHBH filaments without the need for an ice water bath or offline drawing techniques. We evaluated the effect of different polymer grades and production parameters on the tensile properties of the melt-spun filaments. The results showed that highly oriented non-crystalline mesophase and highly oriented alpha-crystals significantly increased the tensile strength of the PHBH filaments. Aging also had an impact on the structure and tensile performance of the filaments.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Edith Perret, Rudolf Hufenus
Summary: This data article presents fitting results of wide-angle x-ray diffraction patterns of melt-spun polymer fibers from amorphous and semi-crystalline materials, along with SAXS patterns of fibers and fiber production parameters. The article also provides details about WAXD measurements and fitting parameters.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
E. Perret, K. Sharma, S. Tritsch, R. Hufenus
Summary: This study investigates the properties of P3HB fibers after stress-annealing through analysis of WAXD, ATR-FTIR, and DSC data, as well as measuring in-situ polarized ATR-FTIR data during tensile drawing. The experimental section explains modifications made for measurements on P3HB fibers.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Barbora Pinlova, Rudolf Hufenus, Bernd Nowack
Summary: Synthetic fibers, especially polyester, dominate the textile industry and release microplastic fibers during their use. This study systematically examined the presence of microplastic fibers during yarn production and found that all studied samples contained microplastic fibers. Different spinning methods and operational settings had varying impacts on the quantity and characteristics of microplastic fibers. The results provide useful information for textile companies to minimize the presence of microplastic fibers.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kamran Iranshahi, Jean Schoeller, Nicolas Luisier, Michael Chung, Sina Hashemizadeh, Giuseppino Fortunato, Thijs Defraeye, Rene M. Rossi
Summary: This paper explores the impact of solution properties on improving the electrospinning throughput through experimental and theoretical research. It is found that adding polysiloxane additives can significantly improve the production rate of nanofibrous scaffolds by reducing solution surface tension and increasing solution viscosity. Adjusting solution properties is a key factor in increasing electrospinning throughput.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Edith Perret, Konrad Jakubowski, Manfred Heuberger, Rudolf Hufenus
Summary: The study demonstrates that scattering in the sheath of bicomponent photoluminescent polymer optical fibers (PL-POFs) can effectively increase the excitation probability of the luminescent dye in the fiber core. The presence of a semi-crystalline sheath significantly enhances axial light emission and lowers the attenuation coefficient compared to PL core-only fibers. Additionally, a higher degree of drawing leads to a lower attenuation coefficient in PL-POFs.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lea A. Furer, Angela Diaz Abad, Pius Manser, Yvette Hannig, Simone Schuerle, Giuseppino Fortunato, Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
Summary: The design of safe and effective nanoparticles for commercial and medical applications requires a thorough understanding of their translocation and effects in biological barriers. In this study, thin chitosan/polyethylene oxide membranes with a high porosity and nanofibrous morphology were developed using electrospinning, allowing for the cultivation of a functional placental monolayer. The transfer studies using these membranes showed significantly enhanced permeability compared to commercial microporous membranes, and the transfer data of nanoparticles was highly similar to ex vivo perfusion studies of intact human placental tissue. These newly developed membranes could contribute to establishing physiologically relevant in vitro biobarrier transfer models with superior permeability for a wide range of molecules and particles.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad-Reza Norouzi, Laleh Ghasemi-Mobarakeh, Fabian Itel, Jean Schoeller, Hossein Fashandi, Aurelio Borzi, Antonia Neels, Giuseppino Fortunato, Rene M. Rossi
Summary: In this study, sodium alginate/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) core/shell nanofibers were successfully fabricated via water-in-oil emulsion electrospinning. The optimal emulsion conditions were determined, and the nanofibers were characterized using various techniques. The results demonstrated the favorable biocompatibility of the nanofibers, making them a promising material for biomedical applications.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Efe Armagan, Kongchang Wei, Giuseppino Fortunato, Esther Amstad, Rene Michel Rossi
Summary: The purely organic optical O-2 sensor developed in this study utilizes polyimide-based photoemitters embedded within a poly(vinyl alcohol) matrix for continuous and broad-range O-2 sensing in the range of 0-16% O-2. The synthesized photoemitters demonstrate higher sensitivity and broader sensing range to O-2 with longer reaction times, leading to a more rigid polyimide structure. The sensor exhibits a Stern-Volmer quenching constant of 0.2351 kPa(-1) for the linear response range of 0-4% O-2 and can be repetitively used at least 10 times in both the linear range and beyond.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Mustafa Kalay, Abidin Esidir, Mahmut Ruzi, N. Burak Kiremitler, Mustafa Serdar Onses
Summary: This study proposes stable and addressable polymer PUFs, utilizing a cross-linkable polymer system, which demonstrates high stochastic characteristics and low-cost production. The performance of the polymer features is evaluated through various analyses, and direct image authentication is achieved using feature matching algorithms.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Jingyu Jin, Guoqiang Lu, Jun Nie, Xiaoqun Zhu
Summary: Photopolymerization technology is limited in the fields of food packaging and biomedicine due to the high migration of small molecules from photoinitiators. In this study, a polymerizable 2-vinyl thioxanthone (ETX) was synthesized to improve the migration stability of photoinitiators. Macromolecular photoinitiators (PPI1, PPI2) were also prepared to further reduce migration. The results showed that the ETX/TEOA system had higher initiation performance and PPI2 displayed favorable initiation ability. Additionally, the migration of ETX, PPI1, and PPI2 in photocured film was significantly reduced. These low-migration photoinitiators have potential applications in the fields of food packaging and biological materials.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Weijie Li, Jun Nie, Yingying Zhao, Xiaoqun Zhu
Summary: This study focuses on the development of high-performance, low-migration photoinitiators. A polymerizable photoinitiator (VBP) was synthesized by introducing an ethylene group into benzophenone, and three different molecular weight single-component photoinitiators (PVBN1-3) were synthesized based on VBP. The results show that these new photoinitiators have stronger absorption ability compared to benzophenone and significantly reduce the migration of initiators and co-initiators, addressing the safety concerns caused by migration.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Seira Morimune-Moriya, Yuki Iwahashi, Mitsuru Nakamura, Daisuke Ogawa, Keiji Nakamura
Summary: This study investigates the effect of plasma treatment on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the structure/properties of polyimide (PI) nanocomposites with ultra-low content of CNTs. The results show that plasma treatment introduces isocyanate groups on the surface of CNTs and enhances the interfacial interaction between PI and treated CNTs. This leads to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, with even a small addition of treated CNTs showing a substantial increase in Young's modulus, tensile strength and toughness.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuanlong Li, Chaojie Chen, Guoqing Cui, Li Liu, Chao Zhou, Guangfeng Wu
Summary: In this study, a novel ion-conducting hydrogel was fabricated using a straightforward approach. The hydrogel showed excellent tensile properties and high toughness due to physical interactions and covalent binding. Additionally, the introduction of hydroxyethyl cellulose and lithium chloride improved the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and frost resistance of the hydrogel, demonstrating its potential for cold climate applications.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Dengwei Yan, Jinxian Yang, Xuejun Pan, Xiaozheng Duan, Lianwei Li, Mo Zhu
Summary: The influence of backbone length on grafting efficiency during the graft-onto reaction process was investigated. It was found that the polydispersity effect of backbone length does not affect the final grafting efficiency, indicating that the local dynamics of chain segments dominate the graft-onto process.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Zhaoyi Luo, Xianjie Pan, Fanqi Liu, Quanxi Yi, Yanning Zeng, Yunhua Chen, Chaoyang Wang
Summary: This study provides a method to prepare high-performance epoxy materials with good malleability and thermal stability. The materials have self-healing and welding capabilities, thanks to the addition of specific chemical bonds and network structures. They exhibit mechanical properties comparable to commercial epoxy resins and show great potential for sustainable industrial development.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Chaoji Xiong, Hao Wang, Lihua Deng, Kun Liang, Chunhua Wu, Wei Wu, Qian Chen
Summary: In this study, four polyamides were synthesized and their adsorption performances for Hg2+ in aqueous systems were investigated. The polyamides exhibited high adsorption capacities and excellent reusability, with the involvement of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen in the chemical adsorption process of Hg2+.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Siim Laanesoo, Olivier Bonjour, Rauno Sedrik, Iris Tamsalu, Patric Jannasch, Lauri Vares
Summary: The insertion of rigid aliphatic or aromatic building blocks in polymer structures is an effective way to synthesize high -Tg polymer materials. In this study, a series of isosorbide-2-aryl carboxylate-5-methacrylate monomers (ArIMAs) were synthesized by functionalizing isosorbide 5-methacrylate with various aromatic lignin-inspired esters. These monomers were polymerized to obtain high molecular-weight poly(aryl carboxylate isosorbide methacrylates) (PArIMAs). The resulting polymers showed high glass transition temperatures and thermal stability, making them suitable for use as high-performance plastics and coatings.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuqian Wu, Weijie Xu, Jianliang Li, Zhangfeng Zhong, Liqing Huang, Shengke Li, Huaping Tan
Summary: This study investigates the improvement of degradation and drug release characteristics of dynamic Schiff base-mediated natural polysaccharide hydrogels using tannic acid (TA), leading to enhanced stability and functionality.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Xi Zhang, Xiangli Kong, Xin Zhou, Yiyan Gao, Yibo Sun, Guanghui Gao, Wei Liu, Kai Shi
Summary: Conductive hydrogels have great development prospects in flexible strain sensors, but long-term direct contact with human skin can cause bacterial infection. A hydrogel with antibacterial, biocompatibility, and toughness was designed and manufactured using a freeze-thaw method. The hydrogel maintains tensile properties and fatigue resistance at low temperatures and is resistant to bacteria. Therefore, hydrogel sensors can be used to monitor human movements.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Wei Zhang, Jiangang Yu, Mingyang Wu, Rui Li, Anqiang Zhang, Yaling Lin
Summary: In this study, polyacrylamide containing quaternary ammonium salts (PAM-X) were synthesized and found to effectively inhibit soil-borne pathogenic fungi while maintaining the balance of microbial population in soil. PAM-X also showed low toxicity to earthworms and fish, providing a new method for the prevention and control of soil-borne fungal diseases.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Jiawen He, Haojie Yu, Li Wang, Jian Yang, Yanhui Zhang, Wenbing Huang, Chenguang Ouyang
Summary: This review discusses the use of polymeric hydrogels for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), including the mechanism of water sorption, fabrication methods, and strategies for optimizing the structure of hydrogels. The extended applications of hygroscopic photothermal hydrogels, such as agricultural irrigation and dehumidification, are also explored. The challenges and prospects of using polymeric hydrogels for AWH are summarized.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Ying Du, Shuaishuai Lu, Yuanna Sun, Qingshan Li, Xinhai He
Summary: This study introduces a method to improve the performance of hydrogels by incorporating proline, resulting in hydrogels with excellent stretchability, high conductivity, and long-term stability. The hydrogel remains flexible and conductive even at ultra-low temperatures.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
