Article
Energy & Fuels
Chenliang Hou, Bo Jiang, Ming Li, Yu Song, Guoxi Cheng
Summary: The internal mechanism of how maceral and temperature control the mechanical properties of in situ coal has not been established so far. This study aims to discover the control mechanism of macerals and temperature on the mechanical properties of in situ coal. By linking the macroscopic and microscopic mechanical properties, it was found that the hardness and elastic modulus of macerals adhere to a specific order, and varying temperatures do not transform this order. The content increase of liptinite, vitrinite, and inertinite affects the hardness and elastic modulus of the whole coal differently. Temperature alters the mechanical properties of in situ coal through macerals as an intermediary, and there is a watershed in the effect of temperature on coal mechanical properties.
Article
Forestry
Joseph E. Jakes, Donald S. Stone
Summary: In order to accurately measure mechanical properties of materials like wood cell walls, traditional nanoindentation methods need to be improved to account for the unique characteristics of these polymeric structures.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Guohao Fang, Qiang Wang, Mingzhong Zhang
Summary: This study systematically investigates the micromechanical properties of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) in alkali-activated fly ash-slag (AAFS) concrete, revealing that the properties depend on the chemical composition of reaction products and microstructural characteristics, with the evolution divided into three stages.
CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Helle-Mai Piirsoo, Taivo Jogiaas, Kaupo Kukli, Aile Tamm
Summary: The mechanical properties of nanodevices are greatly influenced by the mechanical properties of thin films. Amorphous Al2O3-Ta2O5 double and triple layers were deposited with various single-layer thicknesses. Annealing at different temperatures caused changes in the microstructure, resulting in the formation of different crystalline grains. The hardness and elastic modulus of the annealed laminates depended on the layer sequence, indicating the significant influence of the layered structure on the mechanical behavior.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
N. Makuch
Summary: Two-stage gas boriding process in N-2-H-2-BCl3 atmosphere was used to produce a two-zoned borided layer on Nisil-alloy. The outer layer consisted of nickel borides only, while the inner zone contained nickel silicides in addition to nickel borides. The presence of nickel silicides reduced the hardness and elastic modulus of the inner zone borided layer.
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Wenqian Hao, Xiqiao Bo, Jiamiao Xie, Tingting Xu
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical properties of two types of separators for LIBs through nanoindentation experiments and compares different methods for evaluating their hardness and elastic modulus. The results suggest that the fitting curve method provides the most accurate results, and the PP/PE/PP separator has higher obstruction ability compared to the PE separator.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shenghui Wang, Zhichao Ma, Wenyang Zhao, Wei Zhang, Chaofan Li, Siguo Yang, Jiong Liu, Zixin Guo, Hongwei Zhao, Luquan Ren
Summary: The evolution of mechanical properties of separators affected by temperature shifts was experimentally verified in this study. The temperature-dependent weakening of elastic modulus and hardness of separators was observed. The variation trends of elastic modulus, hardness, and hysteresis response of the separators were investigated through nanoindentation tests. X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to analyze the temperature-induced residual stress and elemental distribution. The obtained evolution law of temperature shift-induced mechanical properties of separators could facilitate the optimal design of separators and enhance the safety performance of lithium-ion batteries.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Partha Sarathi Deb, Md. Nabi Newaz Khan, Prabir Kumar Sarker, Salim Barbhuiya
Summary: The study used the nanoindentation method to determine the elastic modulus, hardness, and volume fractions of different phases in ambient-cured fly ash (FA) geopolymers. It was found that the inclusion of 2% nanosilica (NS) increased the volume of reaction product and reduced the presence of a porous phase in the FA geopolymers. This improvement in properties was also observed in OPC or GGBFS blended geopolymer specimens.
JOURNAL OF SUSTAINABLE CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ulrich Tritschler, Jose Manuel Delgado Lopez, Tobias R. Umbach, Alexander E. S. Van Driessche, Helmut Schlaad, Helmut Colfen, Matthias Kellermeier
Summary: By mimicking nature, we successfully hybridized inorganic and organic matter through the crystallization process of calcium sulfate, resulting in organic-inorganic composite materials. We identified and synthesized an organic polymer that can bind to the surfaces of mineral precursors and self-organize into ordered superstructures. This specific architecture leads to unique mechanical properties comparable to natural biominerals.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shibani Mohata, Kaushik Dey, Surojit Bhunia, Neethu Thomas, E. Bhoje Gowd, Thalasseril G. Ajithkumar, C. Malla Reddy, Rahul Banerjee
Summary: Utilizing graphene as a grafting layer, a new method for preparing Janus-type COF-graphene thin films was proposed, demonstrating the fabrication of two distinct Janus-type films with heterogeneous surface morphologies and porosity.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Taivo Jogiaas, Aivar Tarre, Hugo Maendar, Jekaterina Kozlova, Aile Tamm
Summary: In this study, Cr2O3 thin films with different structures were deposited using atomic layer deposition, and their phase composition, hardness, and other properties were measured. The results indicate that Cr2O3 could be a promising material as a mechanically protective thin film.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kristina Raupach, Andreas Bogner, Michael Vogel, Engin Kotan, Frank Dehn
Summary: The nanoindentation technique is widely used for mechanical characterization of thin film microstructures. It can accurately determine the hardness and elastic modulus of different materials. While nanoindentation is commonly used in industries like metal, ceramic, and plastics processing, its application in concrete technology is relatively new. This study focuses on using nanoindentation to analyze the mechanical properties of hardened cement paste and investigates the effects of sample preparation and measurement parameters on the results. The findings assess the suitability of nanoindentation for studying durability-related damage in concrete.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
D. B. Kimmel, S. Vennin, A. Desyatova, J. A. Turner, M. P. Akhter, J. M. Lappe, R. R. Recker
Summary: This study examined macro- and microarchitectural factors, bone material properties, histomorphometric endpoints, and bone turnover markers in post-menopausal women with normal bone mineral density (BMD) and fragility fracture. The results showed that women with fracture had thinner iliac cortices and more homogeneous bone material properties in cortical bone than age/BMD-matched non-fracture women. These findings suggest that cortical thickness and bone tissue heterogeneity in normal BMD women are associated with prevalent fragility fracture.
OSTEOPOROSIS INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Anthropology
Ian Towle, Thomas Loho, Amira Samir Salem, Michael A. Berthaume, Carolina Loch
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical properties of enamel in primate lower molars, revealing the impact of different crown positions and enamel thickness on these properties. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis suggests the presence of common patterns of mechanical properties across primate species.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jiaji Xiong, Lusheng Liu, Haozhe Song, Mengrui Wang, Tianwen Hu, Zhaofeng Zhai, Bing Yang, Xin Jiang, Nan Huang
Summary: Diamond film is an ideal coating material for difficult-to-machine materials due to its high hardness and wear resistance. However, accurately evaluating the mechanical properties of diamond films has been a challenge. This study evaluates the mechanical properties of diamond films using nanoindentation and proposes a stricter evaluation standard.
DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Alex Maldonado-Alameda, Jessica Giro-Paloma, Jofre Manosa, Joan Formosa, Josep Maria Chimenos
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of the least polluted fraction of municipal solid waste incineration weathered bottom ash as an alkali-activated cement precursor and found that increasing the pH of the alkali-activator solution can enhance the mechanical properties.
BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE CERAMICA Y VIDRIO
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
M. Ahmad, X. Pelorson, I. A. Fernandez, O. Guasch, A. Van Hirtum
Summary: In this study, a model of the effective low-strain elastic Young's modulus of multi-layer stacked composites is proposed, which can take into account arbitrary stacked inclusions. The model is validated against measurements on molded silicone specimens and allows to predict the influence of a stiff inclusion on the low-strain effective Young's modulus.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Pietro C. D. Tortora, Alex Maldonado-Alameda, Jofre Manosa, Alex C. Quintero-Payan, Cristina Leonelli, Isabella Lancellotti, Josep M. Chimenos
Summary: This study evaluated the potential use of weathered bottom ash (WBA) from municipal solid waste incineration as a precursor for alkali-activated binders. The results showed that temperature and humidity conditions play a crucial role in the formation of alkali-activated binders. Optimal compactness and compressive strength were achieved under specific curing conditions. Additionally, lower porosity and extended curing time helped reduce the leaching concentration of heavy metals and metalloids.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
J. Manosa, A. M. Gomez-Carrera, A. Svobodova-Sedlackova, A. Maldonado-Alameda, A. Fernandez-Jimenez, J. M. Chimenos
Summary: This study aims to enhance the reactivity of kaolin through mechanical activation and assess its potential reactivity. The results showed that mechanical activation could produce a highly amorphous and reactive material, which was confirmed by chemical attacks and the availability of SiO2 and Al2O3.
APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Cristina Prieto, Javier Ruiz-Cabanas, Virginia Madina, A. Ines Fernandez, Luisa F. Cabeza
Summary: This manuscript discusses the challenge of cost-reduction in thermal energy storage system in concentrating solar power (CSP), and evaluates the performance of tank materials in contact with molten salts in a demo plant. The study reveals the corrosion phenomena in the tank materials caused by the introduction of CO2 in the tanks during the preheating process.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
A. Maldonado-Alameda, J. Manosa, J. Miro-Escola, A. C. Quintero-Payan, J. M. Chimenos
Summary: The use of incineration bottom ash (IBA) from fluidised bed (FB) combustion technology as a precursor for alkali-activated binders (AABs) was evaluated. IBA-FB was compared with IBA from moving grate (IBA-MG) combustion technology. The formulation of AABs using IBA-FB and IBA-MG was assessed from various perspectives, revealing differences in workability, consistency, porosity, and mechanical strength.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jofre Manosa, Jaume Calvo-de la Rosa, Alessio Silvello, Alex Maldonado-Alameda, Josep Maria Chimenos
Summary: This study presents novel characterisation techniques to evaluate the effects of mechanical activation (MA) on the kaolinite structure. The results show that mechanical treatments significantly distort the kaolinite structure, reducing the kaolinite content and altering the morphology of kaolinite particles. Illite, K-feldspars, and quartz impurities are also extensively modified. The mechanical treatments also affect the bonding strength of hydroxyls in the structure and can lead to the formation of water molecules.
APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Mohammad Ahmad, Xavier Pelorson, Oriol Guasch, Ana Ines Fernandez, Annemie Van Hirtum
Summary: This study characterizes the stress-strain behavior of multi-layer silicone composites and shows that cubic polynomial and exponential two-parameter relationships can accurately fit the measured stress-strain data. These parameters can be modeled as a constant or a linear function of the effective low-strain Young's modulus. The accurate stress-strain predictions obtained from this characterization are useful for the design of composites with different composition and stacking.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Leydi Julieta Cardenas Flechas, Elena Xuriguera Martin, Jose Antonio Padilla Sanchez, Josep Ma. Chimenos Ribera, Miryam Rincon Joya
Summary: This study summarizes the research on Co3_xNixO4 (x=0.0, 0.01, and 0.04) with the addition of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using two different routes (R1 and R2). The results demonstrate that the composite material with rGO enhances the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). Incorporating rGO into samples with low Ni concentrations significantly increases their specific surface area. XRD analysis confirms the formation of pure cobalt spinel without secondary phases and complete insertion of Ni into the structure. TEM images reveal that the synthesized nanoparticles are smaller than 20 nm. The presence of rGO increases the specific surface area, which is crucial for MB degradation.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
A. Maldonado-Alameda, J. Manosa, J. M. Chimenos, T. Lopez-Montero, R. Catalan-Parra
Summary: The potential of ceramic-stone-porcelain (CSP) and PAVAL as alkali-activated precursors was evaluated. Alkali-activated CSP and PAVAL binders were prepared using NaOH as the alkaline activator. The effect of Na2O/Al2O3 ratio and alkaline activator concentration on the chemical, physical, mechanical, and environmental properties was investigated. The results showed the formation of secondary reaction products and the influence of binder composition on porosity and mechanical performance. Furthermore, PAVAL was found to act as a precursor and pore-generator. The environmental characterization revealed significant leaching concentration of heavy metal(loid)s, which decreased over time.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
J. Santos, A. Rodriguez-Romero, E. Cifrian, J. M. Chimenos, A. Maldonado-Alameda, A. Andres
Summary: New cement-based materials, such as alkali-activated binders or geopolymers, allow the inclusion of waste or industrial by-products, offering an interesting method of valorization. However, their potential environmental and health impacts on marine ecosystems have not been adequately assessed.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mohammad Rezayat, Mojtaba Karamimoghadam, Mahmoud Moradi, Giuseppe Casalino, Joan Josep Roa Rovira, Antonio Mateo
Summary: This paper provides a review of various surface treatment methodologies, especially laser treatments, used to improve the mechanical properties of metastable austenitic stainless steels (MASS). The effects of these treatments on the microstructure and chemical composition in the thermal affected zone of MASS are discussed, and their impact on the material's mechanical properties is investigated in detail. The limitations of these treatments are highlighted, and areas for further research are identified. The findings can be used to guide the selection of appropriate surface treatment techniques, ultimately improving the performance and lifespan of MASS in industrial applications.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
A. Maldonado-Alameda, A. Alfocea-Roig, S. Huete-Hernandez, J. Giro-Paloma, J. M. Chimenos, J. Formosa
Summary: The decline in interest in sheep wool fibres produced in European countries due to the increasing use of synthetic fibres and high quality of Australian and New Zealand market. The use of low-pH cement, specifically magnesium phosphate cement (MPC), can improve the viability of combining natural fibres in cement-based composites for thermal insulation applications. The optimal formulation for developing sustainable cement-based materials with sheep wool fibre and low-grade magnesium oxide was determined through experiments and found to enhance thermal and acoustic insulation properties.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Teresa Lopez-Montero, Jofre Manosa, Rodrigo Miro, Josep Maria Chimenos
Summary: This research evaluates the feasibility of using low-grade magnesium carbonate (LG-MC) by-product as a partial replacement of fine aggregates and a filler in asphalt mixtures. The results indicate that the use of LG-MC does not affect the moisture sensitivity and cohesion loss resistance of asphalt mixtures and provides a protective effect on cracking resistance. The study suggests that LG-MC is suitable for partial substitute of fine aggregates and total filler in asphalt mixtures manufacturing for road pavements.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Morteza Saghafi Yazdi, Mohammad Rezayat, Joan Josep Roa Rovira
Summary: In this study, nickel foam activated by cobalt, molybdenum, and nickel phosphide nanostructures was prepared using the plasma hydrothermal method. The synthesized phosphide specimens were characterized for morphology, crystallographic structure, and electrocatalytic activity. Preliminary results showed that nickel phosphide exhibited the highest electrocatalytic activity among the other phosphides studied.
Article
Polymer Science
Mustafa Kalay, Abidin Esidir, Mahmut Ruzi, N. Burak Kiremitler, Mustafa Serdar Onses
Summary: This study proposes stable and addressable polymer PUFs, utilizing a cross-linkable polymer system, which demonstrates high stochastic characteristics and low-cost production. The performance of the polymer features is evaluated through various analyses, and direct image authentication is achieved using feature matching algorithms.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Jingyu Jin, Guoqiang Lu, Jun Nie, Xiaoqun Zhu
Summary: Photopolymerization technology is limited in the fields of food packaging and biomedicine due to the high migration of small molecules from photoinitiators. In this study, a polymerizable 2-vinyl thioxanthone (ETX) was synthesized to improve the migration stability of photoinitiators. Macromolecular photoinitiators (PPI1, PPI2) were also prepared to further reduce migration. The results showed that the ETX/TEOA system had higher initiation performance and PPI2 displayed favorable initiation ability. Additionally, the migration of ETX, PPI1, and PPI2 in photocured film was significantly reduced. These low-migration photoinitiators have potential applications in the fields of food packaging and biological materials.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Weijie Li, Jun Nie, Yingying Zhao, Xiaoqun Zhu
Summary: This study focuses on the development of high-performance, low-migration photoinitiators. A polymerizable photoinitiator (VBP) was synthesized by introducing an ethylene group into benzophenone, and three different molecular weight single-component photoinitiators (PVBN1-3) were synthesized based on VBP. The results show that these new photoinitiators have stronger absorption ability compared to benzophenone and significantly reduce the migration of initiators and co-initiators, addressing the safety concerns caused by migration.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Seira Morimune-Moriya, Yuki Iwahashi, Mitsuru Nakamura, Daisuke Ogawa, Keiji Nakamura
Summary: This study investigates the effect of plasma treatment on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the structure/properties of polyimide (PI) nanocomposites with ultra-low content of CNTs. The results show that plasma treatment introduces isocyanate groups on the surface of CNTs and enhances the interfacial interaction between PI and treated CNTs. This leads to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, with even a small addition of treated CNTs showing a substantial increase in Young's modulus, tensile strength and toughness.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuanlong Li, Chaojie Chen, Guoqing Cui, Li Liu, Chao Zhou, Guangfeng Wu
Summary: In this study, a novel ion-conducting hydrogel was fabricated using a straightforward approach. The hydrogel showed excellent tensile properties and high toughness due to physical interactions and covalent binding. Additionally, the introduction of hydroxyethyl cellulose and lithium chloride improved the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and frost resistance of the hydrogel, demonstrating its potential for cold climate applications.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Dengwei Yan, Jinxian Yang, Xuejun Pan, Xiaozheng Duan, Lianwei Li, Mo Zhu
Summary: The influence of backbone length on grafting efficiency during the graft-onto reaction process was investigated. It was found that the polydispersity effect of backbone length does not affect the final grafting efficiency, indicating that the local dynamics of chain segments dominate the graft-onto process.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Zhaoyi Luo, Xianjie Pan, Fanqi Liu, Quanxi Yi, Yanning Zeng, Yunhua Chen, Chaoyang Wang
Summary: This study provides a method to prepare high-performance epoxy materials with good malleability and thermal stability. The materials have self-healing and welding capabilities, thanks to the addition of specific chemical bonds and network structures. They exhibit mechanical properties comparable to commercial epoxy resins and show great potential for sustainable industrial development.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Chaoji Xiong, Hao Wang, Lihua Deng, Kun Liang, Chunhua Wu, Wei Wu, Qian Chen
Summary: In this study, four polyamides were synthesized and their adsorption performances for Hg2+ in aqueous systems were investigated. The polyamides exhibited high adsorption capacities and excellent reusability, with the involvement of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen in the chemical adsorption process of Hg2+.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Siim Laanesoo, Olivier Bonjour, Rauno Sedrik, Iris Tamsalu, Patric Jannasch, Lauri Vares
Summary: The insertion of rigid aliphatic or aromatic building blocks in polymer structures is an effective way to synthesize high -Tg polymer materials. In this study, a series of isosorbide-2-aryl carboxylate-5-methacrylate monomers (ArIMAs) were synthesized by functionalizing isosorbide 5-methacrylate with various aromatic lignin-inspired esters. These monomers were polymerized to obtain high molecular-weight poly(aryl carboxylate isosorbide methacrylates) (PArIMAs). The resulting polymers showed high glass transition temperatures and thermal stability, making them suitable for use as high-performance plastics and coatings.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuqian Wu, Weijie Xu, Jianliang Li, Zhangfeng Zhong, Liqing Huang, Shengke Li, Huaping Tan
Summary: This study investigates the improvement of degradation and drug release characteristics of dynamic Schiff base-mediated natural polysaccharide hydrogels using tannic acid (TA), leading to enhanced stability and functionality.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Xi Zhang, Xiangli Kong, Xin Zhou, Yiyan Gao, Yibo Sun, Guanghui Gao, Wei Liu, Kai Shi
Summary: Conductive hydrogels have great development prospects in flexible strain sensors, but long-term direct contact with human skin can cause bacterial infection. A hydrogel with antibacterial, biocompatibility, and toughness was designed and manufactured using a freeze-thaw method. The hydrogel maintains tensile properties and fatigue resistance at low temperatures and is resistant to bacteria. Therefore, hydrogel sensors can be used to monitor human movements.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Wei Zhang, Jiangang Yu, Mingyang Wu, Rui Li, Anqiang Zhang, Yaling Lin
Summary: In this study, polyacrylamide containing quaternary ammonium salts (PAM-X) were synthesized and found to effectively inhibit soil-borne pathogenic fungi while maintaining the balance of microbial population in soil. PAM-X also showed low toxicity to earthworms and fish, providing a new method for the prevention and control of soil-borne fungal diseases.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Jiawen He, Haojie Yu, Li Wang, Jian Yang, Yanhui Zhang, Wenbing Huang, Chenguang Ouyang
Summary: This review discusses the use of polymeric hydrogels for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), including the mechanism of water sorption, fabrication methods, and strategies for optimizing the structure of hydrogels. The extended applications of hygroscopic photothermal hydrogels, such as agricultural irrigation and dehumidification, are also explored. The challenges and prospects of using polymeric hydrogels for AWH are summarized.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Ying Du, Shuaishuai Lu, Yuanna Sun, Qingshan Li, Xinhai He
Summary: This study introduces a method to improve the performance of hydrogels by incorporating proline, resulting in hydrogels with excellent stretchability, high conductivity, and long-term stability. The hydrogel remains flexible and conductive even at ultra-low temperatures.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)