Remote Postconditioning may Attenuate Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury in the Murine Hind limb Through Adenosine Receptor Activation

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect and mechanisms of remote postconditioning (RPC) upon ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the ischaemic mouse hindlimb. Design: RPC is the brief application of ischaemia to remote organs immediately before reperfusion of an ischaemic target organ, and it is a novel approach to IRI attenuation. Materials and methods: Right hindlimb ischaemia was induced in mice using a rubber tourniquet, the release of which initiated reperfusion. We established RPC by 5 min of ischaemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion in the left hindlimb immediately before right hindlimb reperfusion. The wet/dry ratio of skeletal muscle (degree of tissue oedema), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity (accumulation of neutrophils), and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction (tissue necrosis) were evaluated. We also intra-peritoneally injected 8-sulphophenyltheophylline (SPT), an adenosine receptor inhibitor, in RPC mice. Results: Wet/dry ratio, MPO activity and tissue necrosis were significantly lower in the RPC group than in the control group, and injection of SPT impaired the protective effect of RPC. Conclusions: Our results show that RPC attenuated IRI in murine hindlimb ischaemia, possibly through endogenous adenosine receptor activation, and that RPC might serve as a promising therapeutic option for treating serious limb ischaemia. (C) 2010 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.