Review
Food Science & Technology
Widemar Ferraz da Silva, Joao Paulo Lopes-Silva, Leandro Jose Camati Felippe, Guilherme Assuncao Ferreira, Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva, Marcos David Silva-Cavalcante
Summary: This study reviewed the effects of caffeine mouth rinsing on physical and cognitive performance. It found that caffeine mouth rinse can improve cognitive performance, but the effects on physical performance are more uncertain.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Raci Karayigit, Ajmol Ali, Sajjad Rezaei, Gulfem Ersoz, Angel Lago-Rodriguez, Raul Dominguez, Alireza Naderi
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of CHO and CAF mouth rinsing on squat and bench press 1-RM strength, muscular endurance, and cognitive performance in male and female athletes. The results showed that CHO and CAF mouth rinsing significantly increased felt arousal, improved squat endurance in both genders under CHOCAF condition, and enhanced cognitive performance compared to PLA.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Josh W. Newbury, S. Andy Sparks, Matthew Cole, Adam L. Kelly, Lewis A. Gough
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of nutritional supplements among highly trained swimmers on a national talent pathway. The study found that 98% of swimmers reported using at least one supplement, with performance and recovery being the main reasons. National swimmers used more supplements, particularly ergogenic aids, compared to age-group and development swimmers. Parents/guardians were the main source of supplement information for development swimmers, while performance nutritionists played a significant role for age-group and national swimmers. The study suggests the need for supplement education for parents/guardians at the development level and further research on the efficacy of supplements used by national swimmers.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ryan A. Tamilio, Neil D. Clarke, Michael J. Duncan, Rhys Morris, Jozo Grgic, Jason Tallis
Summary: This study found that acute caffeine consumption improved muscle strength performance in the elbow and knee joints even with chronic caffeine intake. Resistance training intervention resulted in significant improvements in upper and lower body strength, with similar effects between the caffeine and placebo groups.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniel R. Brown, Francesca Cappozzo, Dakota De Roeck, Mohammed Gulrez Zariwala, Sanjoy K. Deb
Summary: Mouth rinsing with a pink non-caloric, artificially sweetened solution can improve self-selected running speed, total distance covered, and feelings of pleasure during a 30 min running protocol.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thomas J. J. Hosang, Sylvain Laborde, Andreas Loew, Michael Sprengel, Niels Baum, Thomas Jacobsen
Summary: The study used event-related potentials (ERPs) to investigate the effects of carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing on electrophysiological correlates of visuospatial attention. The results showed that CHO rinsing decreased the bottom-up controlled visuospatial attention (N1(pc)-ERP component) and increased the top-down controlled visuospatial attention (N2(pc)-ERP component) compared to non-nutritive sweetener (NNS) rinsing. However, behavioral performance was not affected. These findings suggest that orosensory signals can influence neurocognitive processes of visuospatial attention in a fasted state.
Article
Sport Sciences
Michael S. Green, Cody S. Kimmel, Tyler D. Martin, James G. Mouser, Madison P. Brune
Summary: This study found no significant effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on repetitions to fatigue, rating of perceived exertion, pleasure-displeasure, postexercise blood glucose and lactate levels during upper-body resistance exercise.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Lewis A. Gough, Mark Faghy, Neil Clarke, Adam L. Kelly, Matthew Cole, Wee Lun Foo
Summary: This study examined the effects of carbohydrate-caffeine mouth rinse on repeated sprint performance during simulated soccer match play. The results showed that the mouth rinse did not have any ergogenic effect on performance after a high carbohydrate meal.
SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN FOOTBALL
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Elizabeth S. Evans, Terrence Brophy, Matthew R. Braswell, Joshua Boyle, G. Keith Harris, Ruth H. Watkins, Stephen P. Bailey
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the impact of carbohydrate mouth rinsing on exercise performance, perceived exertion, and blood glucose responses in older adults. The results showed that a 6.4% maltodextrin carbohydrate mouth rinse did not alter total distance walked, perceived exertion, or other physiological responses elicited by the 6-minute walk test in older adults.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jad Adrian Washif, Kim Hebert-Losier, Karim Chamari, Christopher Martyn Beaven
Summary: The study found that CAF-CHO mouth-rinsing improves sprint-endurance performance and counteracts the negative effects of mouth-rinsing in Ramadan-fasted Muslim athletes.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Paula Zwicker, Maxi Zumpe, Axel Kramer, Gerald Mueller
Summary: Oral mucositis is a common and severe complication of cancer radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and its treatment requires pain management and the use of natural anti-inflammatory mouth rinses with good oral hygiene. Testing of oral care products is crucial to prevent negative effects. A 3D model of oral mucosa based on the TR-146 cell line has been developed, with similar characteristics to human oral mucosa, making it suitable for evaluating the compatibility of mouth rinses.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Richard B. Kreider, Ralf Jager, Martin Purpura
Summary: This paper provides an overview of the bioavailability, efficacy, and regulatory status of creatine monohydrate (CrM) and other marketed forms of creatine. It concludes that only CrM has substantial evidence supporting its bioavailability, efficacy, and safety. The paper recommends the use of CrM in dietary supplements and calls for research to substantiate claims about the efficacy and safety of other forms of creatine before they are marketed.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Juan J. Guerrero-Pinzon, Juan M. A. Alcantara, Gustavo Garcia-Buendia, Sol Mochon-Benguigui, Mauricio Ramirez-Maldonado, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
Summary: This study is the first nutritional intervention for high-level moderate altitude athletes, and the results suggest that a well-designed nutritional intervention can improve body composition, muscle strength, cardiorespiratory adaptations, and sleep quality.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF SPORTS NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jorge Gutierrez-Hellin, Carlos Ruiz-Moreno, Millan Aguilar-Navarro, Alejandro Munoz, David Varillas-Delgado, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete, Justin D. Roberts, Juan Del Coso
Summary: The study demonstrated that participants' expectation of receiving caffeine produced similar effects on fat oxidation rate during exercise as actually receiving caffeine, indicating that the placebo effect of caffeine is also present for the benefits of acute caffeine intake on substrate oxidation during exercise.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nayra Figueiredo, Marcela Queiroz, Fernanda P. Felicio, Jessica Ferreira, Jose Gerosa-Neto, Jo Ao F. Mota, Christielly R. da Silva, Paulo C. Ghedini, Bryan Saunders, Gustavo D. Pimentel
Summary: This study showed that acute caffeine mouth rinsing did not significantly improve 10-km running performance and vertical jump in individuals carrying the CYP1A2 C allele.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella S. Smith, Alannah K. A. McKay, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Rachel Harris, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Despite the increasing participation and popularity of women's sports, female-specific research in sports science and sports medicine has not kept pace, with studies historically focusing more on men due to the complexity of female physiology. Recognizing the potential problems with translating research findings from men to women, efforts are being made to address the gender disparity in SSSM research. By conducting audits of existing literature, gaps in knowledge and areas for improvement can be identified to guide future research and ultimately achieve gender equity in SSSM studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Alannah K. A. McKay, Trent Stellingwerff, Ella S. Smith, David T. Martin, Inigo Mujika, Vicky L. Goosey-Tolfrey, Jeremy Sheppard, Louise M. Burke
Summary: This paper presents a 6-tiered Participant Classification Framework that can be used to classify individuals with different exercise backgrounds and athletic abilities. The framework can be applied prospectively and retrospectively in research, providing uniformity in classification practices.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Alannah K. A. Mckay, Peter Peeling, David B. Pyne, Nicolin Tee, Jamie Whitfield, Avish P. Sharma, Ida A. Heikura, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Short-term adherence to a low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diet can have small but unfavorable effects on immune, inflammatory, and iron-regulatory responses to exercise. Restricting carbohydrates, rather than energy availability, may have greater negative impacts on athlete health.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jason C. Siegler, Amelia J. Carr, William T. Jardine, Lilia Convit, Rebecca Cross, Dale Chapman, Louise M. Burke, Megan Ross
Summary: The study found that under resting conditions, both sodium bicarbonate and sodium citrate induce a greater plasma hypervolemic response compared to water alone.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Mark A. Hearris, Jamie N. Pugh, Carl Langan-Evans, Stephen J. Mann, Louise Burke, Trent Stellingwerff, Javier T. Gonzalez, James P. Morton
Summary: We investigated the effects of different forms of carbohydrate intake on exogenous carbohydrate oxidation, gastrointestinal discomfort, and exercise capacity. The results showed that the peak rates of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation and oxidation efficiency were not significantly different across the different forms of carbohydrate intake. Participants reported minimal symptoms of gastrointestinal distress regardless of the form of carbohydrate intake. Additionally, exercise capacity was not significantly affected by the different forms of carbohydrate intake. These findings suggest that consuming 120 g/h of carbohydrate is a well-tolerated strategy to promote high carbohydrate availability during exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Oliver M. Shannon, Jason D. Allen, Raul Bescos, Louise Burke, Tom Clifford, Chris Easton, Javier T. Gonzalez, Andrew M. Jones, Kristin L. Jonvik, Filip J. Larsen, Peter Peeling, Barbora Piknova, Mario Siervo, Anni Vanhatalo, Kerry McGawley, Simone Porcelli
Summary: This study used the modified Delphi technique to gather the consensus of 12 expert panel members on the use of dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid. The panel agreed on 39 statements (17.6%) out of 222, with the majority of statements receiving a vote of insufficient evidence. The study provides recommendations for the use of dietary nitrate as an ergogenic aid, taking into account factors such as aerobic fitness and safe dosage.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella S. Smith, Alannah K. A. McKay, Megan Kuikman, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Rachel Harris, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Although sports nutrition guidelines promote evidence-based practice, it is unclear whether women have been adequately included in the underpinning research. Female participants were underrepresented in studies on performance supplements, and there is a lack of research specifically designed to compare sex-based responses. Interestingly, a higher proportion of female participants were classified as international/world-class athletes. Most studies focused on performance outcomes and had poorer representation of women, while studies with a health focus had a higher proportion of female participants.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Andy J. King, Naroa Etxebarria, Megan L. Ross, Laura Garvican-Lewis, Ida A. Heikura, Alannah K. A. McKay, Nicolin Tee, Sara F. Forbes, Nicole A. Beard, Philo U. Saunders, Avish P. Sharma, Stephanie K. Gaskell, Ricardo J. S. Costa, Louise M. Burke
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different carbohydrate supply strategies on athletes using a multi-pronged approach. The results showed improved gastrointestinal function after exercise, but the changes were likely clinically insignificant. Additionally, increasing carbohydrate intake did not confer additional advantages in performance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Bronwen Lundy, Monica K. Torstveit, Thomas B. Stenqvist, Louise M. Burke, Ina Garthe, Gary J. Slater, Christian Ritz, Anna K. Melin
Summary: A questionnaire-based screening tool (LEAM-Q) for male athletes at risk of low energy availability (LEA) was developed, and it was found that low sex drive was the most effective self-reported symptom in identifying male athletes requiring further clinical assessment for LEA.
Article
Physiology
Amelia J. Carr, Brent S. Vallance, Jessica Rothwell, Anna E. Rea, Louise M. Burke, Joshua H. Guy
Summary: This study documents the strategies executed by Australian endurance athletes during the Tokyo 2021 Olympic Games, which focused on heat acclimation/acclimatization, cooling, and nutritional strategies. It found that these strategies may have contributed to the successful race outcomes achieved by the race walkers.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ella S. Smith, Alannah K. A. McKay, Megan Kuikman, Kathryn E. Ackerman, Rachel Harris, Kirsty J. Elliott-Sale, Trent Stellingwerff, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Micronutrient deficiencies and sub-optimal intakes among female athletes are a concern. However, current research and literature on the use of supplements do not adequately consider women's needs. There is a lack of studies on sex-based differences in response to calcium, iron, and vitamin D supplementation. Additionally, the quality and quantity of literature specific to female athletes are inadequate. More high-quality research is needed to address these gaps and ensure that women's specific needs are considered in supplementation protocols.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Carissa Gardiner, Jonathon Weakley, Louise M. Burke, Gregory D. Roach, Charli Sargent, Nirav Maniar, Andrew Townshend, Shona L. Halson
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of caffeine on sleep characteristics, finding that it reduced total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and deep sleep, while increasing sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset. The study provides evidence-based recommendations, suggesting that caffeine should be consumed at least 8.8 hours before bedtime to avoid negative effects on sleep.
SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Amy-Lee M. Bowler, Jamie Whitfield, Lachlan Marshall, Vernon G. Coffey, Louise M. Burke, Gregory R. Cox
Summary: This review discusses the potential value and applications of continuous glucose monitors in tracking interstitial glucose in athletes. While CGMs provide real-time tracking, further research is needed to determine their practical significance in sports. The use of CGMs raises technical, practical, and data interpretation concerns.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Jamie Whitfield, Louise M. Burke, Megan L. R. Ross, Nicolin Tee, Avish P. Sharma, Andy J. King, Ida A. Heikura, Aimee Morabito, Alannah K. A. McKay
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Alannah K. A. Mckay, Nicolin Tee, Megan L. R. Ross, Louise M. Burke
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)