Journal
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Volume 137, Issue 13, Pages 4445-4452Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b00033
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Funding
- NIGMS [GM80442]
- Croucher Foundation
- NIH Ruth Kirschstein Predoctoral Fellowship
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We report a catalytic asymmetric synthesis of piperidines through [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 1-azadienes and nitro-alkenes. The reaction uses earth abundant Zn as catalyst and is highly diastereo- and regioselective. A novel BOPA ligand (F-BOPA) confers high reactivity and enantioselectivity in the process. The presence of ortho substitution on the arenes adjacent to the bis(oxazolines) was found to be particularly impactful, due to limiting the undesired coordination of 1-azadiene to the Lewis acid and thus allowing the reaction to be carried out at lower temperature. A series of secondary kinetic isotope effect studies using a range of ligands implicates a stepwise mechanism for the transformation, involving an initial Michael-type addition of the imine to the nitro-alkene followed by a cyclization event. The stepwise mechanism obviates the electronic requirement inherent to a concerted mechanism, explaining the successful cycloaddition between two electron-deficient partners.
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