Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xueyin Yuan, Richen Zhong, Xin Xiong, Jing Gao, Yubo Ma
Summary: Carbonatites are crucial as original sources of rare earth elements (REEs). By investigating the Na2CO3-H2O system, we found that under high pressure and temperature conditions, Na2CO3 becomes increasingly soluble, leading to the continuous transition from carbonate melts to hydrothermal brines in deep crustal environments. This transition allows for the concentration of REEs in the brine-melts, forming economic ore bodies in deep-seated carbonatites.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Michele Rinaldi, Sami Mikhail, Dimitri A. Sverjensky, Joanna Kalita
Summary: Mineral and fluid inclusions in mantle diamonds provide valuable information about mantle metasomatism and the role of fluids in Earth's interior. This study investigates the influence of carbon concentration on the composition of garnet and clinopyroxene in diamonds from the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Using a deep earth water model, the researchers predicted the outcomes of metasomatism between silicic, carbonatitic, and peridotitic fluids and common mantle rocks. The results show that the initial geochemistry of fluids and rocks determine the compositions of metasomatic garnets and clinopyroxenes.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin F. Walter, R. Johannes Giebel, Matthew Steele-MacInnis, Michael A. W. Marks, Jochen Kolb, Gregor Markl
Summary: Carbonatites are formed from volatile-rich melts and are commonly associated with characteristic hydrothermal footprints. This study reveals the presence of four types of fluid inclusions in carbonatites worldwide. It also proposes a general model for the formation and properties of fluids associated with carbonatitic magmatism.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geology
Stella Bijos Guimaraes, Evandro L. Klein, Chris Harris, Iago Sousa Lima Costa
Summary: The Coringa gold-silver deposit in the Tapajos Mineral Province is interpreted to have formed in a post-collisional volcano-plutonic setting. The mineralized shear-vein system coincides with a magnetic trend that may represent a crustal discontinuity. The deposit includes barren quartz veins and quartz-sulfide veins with varying temperature formation.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hassan Zamanian, Ebrahim Tale Fazel, Mona Sameti, Hooshang Asadi Haroni, Xiaoyong Yang
Summary: The Kalchuyeh deposit in Iran is located in a magmatic arc and is controlled by NE-trending normal faults. The mineralization consists of veins and veinlets in Middle Eocene pyroxene andesite lavas. The geological and geochemical characteristics suggest that the volcanic rocks in the region have potential for epithermal-porphyry deposits.
JOURNAL OF ASIAN EARTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Shenghu Li, Jiankang Li, I-Ming Chou
Summary: Melt inclusion (MI) homogenization experiments using hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell (HDAC) are crucial for determining the properties of magma systems. Comparisons between HDAC and conventional equipment measurements provide valuable insights into naturally occurring phase transition temperatures in MI during the cooling process.
AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Suzette Timmerman, Anna Spivak, Adrian P. Jones
Summary: Carbonatitic high-density fluids and carbonate mineral inclusions found in diamonds suggest the presence of carbonatitic melts in the crust and deep mantle. High pressure-high temperature experiments and diamond studies indicate the stability and behavior of carbonate melts in different regions of the Earth's mantle, playing a key role in the deep carbon cycle and metasomatism.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ruicong Tian, Haiqin Wang, Jingxiang Tian, Wei Shan, Xiufeng Wang, Naijie Chi, Xiaodong Ma, Zhiyuan Chu, Shenghu Li, Qing Lv
Summary: Kimberlite in the Mengyin area provides important insights into the characteristics and evolution of the Paleozoic mantle. In this study, in situ carbonate U-Pb dating was conducted to determine the age of the primary calcite within the kimberlite, and the results suggest an age of approximately 383 +/- 18 Ma. This age provides constraints on the eruption of the kimberlite and the subsequent formation of marble through thermal alteration of limestone xenoliths. Further analysis of fluid inclusions in the marble helps estimate the formation temperature, salinity, and pressure conditions.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ekaterina S. Kiseeva, Nester Korolev, Iuliia Koemets, Dmitry A. Zedgenizov, Richard Unitt, Catherine McCammon, Alena Aslandukova, Saiana Khandarkhaeva, Timofey Fedotenko, Konstantin Glazyrin, Dimitrios Bessas, Georgios Aprilis, Alexandr I. Chumakov, Hiroyuki Kagi, Leonid Dubrovinsky
Summary: Ferropericlase (Mg,Fe)O is a common inclusion found in subcratonic diamonds and is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's lower mantle. This study used advanced spectroscopy and diffraction techniques to determine the iron oxidation state and structure of ferropericlase inclusions in diamonds. The results suggest that the wide range of magnesium concentrations observed in these inclusions may be due to oxidation of ferropericlase in the sublithospheric mantle.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Jan Schoenig, Hilmar von Eynatten, Guido Meinhold, Nils Keno Luensdorf
Summary: Studying ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism through mineral inclusions in sedimentary rocks provides important insights into plate tectonics evolution and the existence of ultrahigh-pressure terranes.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carl Walsh, Balz S. Kamber, Emma L. Tomlinson
Summary: The ancient stable continents are found to have deep roots that extend into the diamond stability zone. These roots are cool and rigid, which is a result of extensive melt extraction. Through thermodynamic and geochemical modeling, it is discovered that high-temperature melting can produce magnesian olivine in the cratonic roots without the need for shallow melting and stacking. This study has important implications for understanding the formation of cratonic roots and the evolution of the Earth.
Article
Geology
Nils Reinhardt, Max Frenzel, Lawrence D. Meinert, Jens Gutzmer, Thomas Kuerschner, Mathias Burisch
Summary: The Waschleithe skarn in the Erzgebirge district of Germany is a Zn-dominant skarn with minerals like hedenbergite, garnet, and magnetite, formed during both prograde and retrograde stages. Mineral temperatures and pressures suggest a depth of formation around 3 km, with the Eibenstock granite identified as the likely fluid source.
ORE GEOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ho-Kwang Mao, Wendy L. L. Mao
Summary: This article discusses how to mimic the geological process of diamond formation to revolutionize high-pressure science and technology by preserving high-pressure phases and structures, and opens up new possibilities for creating functional materials with extremely favorable properties.
MATTER AND RADIATION AT EXTREMES
(2022)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Curtolo, Davide Novella, Alla Logvinova, Nikolay V. Sobolev, Rondi M. Davies, Maxwell C. Day, Martha G. Pamato, Fabrizio Nestola
Summary: Canada is one of the most important diamond producers in the world. Understanding the geochemical and petrological properties of Canadian diamonds is crucial for understanding their origin. Petrological and geochemical data from thousands of Canadian diamonds were analyzed and compared with worldwide datasets. Different abundances of peridotites and eclogites were found in the lithosphere of Canadian cratons. The extremely low delta C-13 values observed in some Canadian diamonds suggest diamond formation from C-13-depleted subducted organic matter. Geothermobarometric calculations revealed the formation window and sampling range of Canadian lithospheric and sub-lithospheric diamonds, as well as multiple diamond-forming events throughout Canadian history.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Fernando Prado Araujo, Philippe Muchez, Niels Hulsbosch
Summary: Rare-element pegmatites are crystallization products of melts enriched in incompatible elements, which allow them to reach low crystallization temperatures and regulate the saturation of fluids. The timing of fluid saturation and the processes during the magmatic-hydrothermal transition in rare-element pegmatites are still debatable. The crystallization sequence of phosphate minerals provides insights into fluid-related processes in pegmatitic systems.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)