Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yuqi Jiang, Jie Xu, Kairui Yue, Chao Huang, Mengting Qin, Dongyu Chi, Qixin Yu, Yue Zhu, Xiaohan Hou, Tongqiang Xu, Min Li, C. James Chou, Xiaoyang Li
Summary: The study focused on modifying HDAC inhibitors to deactivate the Michael reaction in order to improve their potency. Compound 11h showed significant improvements in both HDAC inhibitory activity and cell-based antitumor assay, demonstrating potential for clinical application and efficacy against AML.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
Summary: Histone acetylation is a crucial epigenetic event and continues to be an area of great interest in biochemical research. The balance between histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) is disrupted in various human cancers. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) have shown promising results in restoring dysregulated histone acetylation profiles and are considered as potential anti-cancer therapeutics. Recent studies have identified odd-chain fatty acids as novel HDACi, further expanding the understanding of fatty acids in cancer therapy.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Robert Jenke, Nina Ressing, Finn K. Hansen, Achim Aigner, Thomas Buch
Summary: Epigenetic changes can drive cancer malignancy, while histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) hold promise as anticancer drugs due to their ability to target multiple pathways relevant to the disease.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ekta Shirbhate, Ravichandran Veerasamy, Sai H. S. Boddu, Amit K. Tiwari, Harish Rajak
Summary: One significant obstacle in cancer treatment is the decrease in drug efficacy and occurrence of adverse effects. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have gained interest as a potential method to treat cancer due to their specificity for cancerous tissue and reduced likelihood of adverse effects. Clinical trials have shown that OVs have an acceptable safety profile and are effective in treating certain types of cancer, despite their limited availability. However, further advancements are needed to enhance tumor permeation and improve virus delivery in order to make oncolytic virotherapy more effective.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Long Xu, Xiaoyu Yan, Jian Wang, Yuanxin Zhao, Qingqing Liu, Jiaying Fu, Xinyi Shi, Jing Su
Summary: This article provides an overview of ovarian cancer metastasis and the dysregulated expression of HDACs in ovarian cancer. It discusses the roles of HDACs in the regulation of ovarian cancer metastasis and highlights the importance of developing compounds that target HDACs in the future of ovarian cancer therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Melanie A. Whitmore, Hong Li, Wentao Lyu, Sharmily Khanam, Guolong Zhang
Summary: The combination of HDACi and DNMTi/HMTi showed a strong synergy in inducing HDP gene expression, and also regulated the expression of tight junction proteins.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Svetlana Demyanenko, Svetlana Sharifulina
Summary: HDAC and HAT play crucial roles in regulating cell functions through acetylating/deacetylating histones and non-histone proteins, impacting cell survival, death, and other processes. The effects of stroke on non-histone protein acetylation/deacetylation in brain cells are still poorly understood, but HDAC inhibitors have shown promise in protecting the brain from ischemic damage. The roles of different HDAC isoforms in brain cell survival and death after stroke remain controversial.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hae Jin Kee, Inkyeom Kim, Myung Ho Jeong
Summary: This article provides an overview of the pathogenesis of hypertension, current anti-hypertensive drugs, and the need for novel drugs. It focuses on the role and regulatory mechanisms of HDACs in hypertension and discusses the progress in developing HDAC inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xin-Hui Zhang, Qin-Ma, Hui-Pan Wu, Mussa Yussuf Khamis, Yi-Han Li, Li-Ying Ma, Hong-Min Liu
Summary: In this translation, the essential role of HDACs in maintaining homeostasis is discussed, with a focus on the unique characteristics and diverse functions of HDAC6. HDAC6 inhibitors have shown promising potential in treating various diseases with reduced toxicity. Progress has been made in defining the crystal structures of HDAC6 catalytic domains, which can inform the development of HDAC6 inhibitors.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ye Yang, Baichun Hu, Yi Yang, Kaihua Gong, Huibin Wang, Qi Guo, Xinjie Tang, Yujuan Li, Jian Wang
Summary: The study utilized various computational methods to clarify the structural basis of selective inhibition towards HDAC2 over HDAC8 and demonstrated the different binding modes of inhibitors with the two isoforms. The results revealed the diverse interaction patterns of HDAC2 and HDAC8 inhibitors with Zn2+ ions.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Weiyu Dai, Side Liu, Jieming Zhang, Miaomiao Pei, Yizhi Xiao, Jiaying Li, Linjie Hong, Jianjiao Lin, Jing Wang, Xiaosheng Wu, Guangnan Liu, Yaying Chen, Yusi Wang, Zhizhao Lin, Qiong Yang, Fachao Zhi, Guoxin Li, Weimei Tang, Aimin Li, Li Xiang, Jide Wang
Summary: miR-769-5p/miR-769-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer by targeting IGF1R and through the STAT3-IGF1R-HDAC3 complex. Treatment with the HDAC inhibitor SAHA triggers the expression of miR-769-5p/miR-769-3p, leading to inhibition of proliferation and induction of apoptosis in gastric cancer cells.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Dimitrios Goutas, Stamatios Theocharis, Gerasimos Tsourouflis
Summary: HDACs play important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, showing potential as therapeutic targets in cancer treatment. However, their clinical significance as biomarkers in cancer is not fully elucidated. This study aims to emphasize the clinical significance of HDAC isoform expression in different tumor types and their correlations with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Halasa, Kamila Adamczuk, Grzegorz Adamczuk, Syeda Afshan, Andrzej Stepulak, Marek Cybulski, Anna Wawruszak
Summary: N-ε-lysine acetylation/deacetylation is a common post-translational modification regulated by histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases, influencing the properties and functions of histones and non-histone proteins, including transcription factors that alter cell signaling pathways and impact cancer progression. HDACs play a significant role in deacetylating targets, leading to the regulation of proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis, ultimately affecting tumor growth, invasion, and drug resistance. This review highlights the clinical importance of epigenetic modifications as a potential therapeutic target in cancer treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Marina Ilicic, Tamas Zakar, Amy Gregson, Waleed M. Hussein, Roger Smith, Jonathan W. Paul
Summary: The article summarizes the crucial role of myometrial phenotypic transformation during pregnancy to facilitate childbirth, and the involvement of protein acetylation in this process. Studies show that histone deacetylase inhibitors have significant relaxation effects on pregnant human myometrium.
REPRODUCTIVE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Margarita E. Neganova, Sergey G. Klochkov, Yulia R. Aleksandrova, Gjumrakch Aliev
Summary: Epigenetic changes associated with histone modifications are important in the emergence and maintenance of various cancer types. Inhibitors of enzymes involved in these modifications are promising for anticancer drug development. This review explores the main features of common histone modifications and their role in malignant neoplasms, discussing strategies for inhibitor development and analyzing the use of multitarget drugs as the most promising strategy.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Nafiseh Erfanian, Afshin Derakhshani, Saeed Nasseri, Mohammad Fereidouni, Behzad Baradaran, Neda Jalili Tabrizi, Oronzo Brunetti, Renato Bernardini, Nicola Silvestris, Hossein Safarpour
Summary: By combining single-cell RNA sequencing technology with immunotherapy, we can now specifically evaluate the mechanisms of tumor resistance to immunotherapy agents at single-cell resolution.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hajar Alemohammad, Basira Najafzadeh, Zahra Asadzadeh, Amir Baghbanzadeh, Farid Ghorbaninezhad, Arezoo Najafzadeh, Hossein Safarpour, Renato Bernardini, Oronzo Brunetti, Margherita Sonnessa, Rossella Fasano, Nicola Silvestris, Behzad Baradaran
Summary: The growth and development of cancer are directly correlated to the suppression of the immune system, with immune checkpoints playing a key role in inhibiting anti-tumor immune responses. Up-regulation of inhibitory immune checkpoints on immune cells during tumor progression suppresses anti-tumor immune responses and promotes immune escape. Targeting inhibitory immune checkpoints through antibodies or miRNAs is a promising therapeutic strategy, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown favorable results in enhancing immune cell-induced antitumor responses.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Maria Dichiara, Antonia Artacho-Cordon, Rita Turnaturi, Miriam Santos-Caballero, Rafael Gonzalez-Cano, Lorella Pasquinucci, Carla Barbaraci, Isabel Rodriguez-Gomez, Manuel Gomez-Guzman, Agostino Marrazzo, Enrique J. Cobos, Emanuele Amata
Summary: This study reports the development of s1 receptor antagonists hybridized with an H2S-donor, aiming to achieve improved analgesic effects compared to existing sigma(1) receptor antagonists or H2S-donors alone. In vivo experiments showed that a specific compound induced analgesia, which was synergistically enhanced when combined with a sigma(1) receptor antagonist. This compound released H2S and exhibited selectivity for the sigma(1) receptor, demonstrating potential as a dual-acting analgesic agent.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nunzio Vicario, Simona Denaro, Rita Turnaturi, Lucia Longhitano, Federica Maria Spitale, Salvatore Spoto, Agostino Marrazzo, Agata Zappala, Daniele Tibullo, Giovanni Li Volti, Santina Chiechio, Lorella Pasquinucci, Rosalba Parenti, Carmela Parenti
Summary: Chronic neuropathic pain is a clinical challenge due to limited treatment options and long-term side effects. The exchange of signalling molecules between glia and neurons plays a critical role in central sensitization. Targeting both M- and D-opioid receptors can reduce neuropathic pain by modulating glial cell coupling and cytokine levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Correction
Chemistry, Medicinal
Antonino Nicoloo Fallica, Carla Barbaraci, Emanuele Amata, Lorella Pasquinucci, Rita Turnaturi, Maria Dichiara, Sebastiano Intagliata, Marzia Bruna Gariboldi, Emanuela Marras, Viviana Teresa Orlandi, Claudia Ferroni, Cecilia Martini, Antonio Rescifina, Davide Gentile, Greta Varchi, Agostino Marrazzo
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rita Turnaturi, Santina Chiechio, Lorella Pasquinucci, Salvatore Spoto, Giuliana Costanzo, Maria Dichiara, Silvia Piana, Margherita Grasso, Emanuele Amata, Agostino Marrazzo, Carmela Parenti
Summary: Although opioids and NSAIDs have many side effects, the development of new analgesics and the investigation of new mechanisms provide promising alternatives for persistent pain treatment.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Daniele Zampieri, Sara Fortuna, Maurizio Romano, Emanuele Amata, Maria Dichiara, Agostino Marrazzo, Lorella Pasquinucci, Rita Turnaturi, Maria Grazia Mamolo
Summary: A small library of aminopropylcarboxamide derivatives was designed and synthesized from the deconstruction of previously synthesized compounds, showing the best results with benzofuran and quinoline derivatives with high affinity for both receptor subtypes. Some compounds exhibited high selectivity for the S2R subtype, particularly the quinoline derivative with a 35-fold higher affinity. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated against breast cancer cell lines, with certain compounds showing comparable potency to existing medications. Molecular modeling confirmed the strong interaction of a specific compound with the S2R binding site, justifying its high affinity.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Dichiara, Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio, Carla Barbaraci, Rafael Gonzalez-Cano, Giosue Costa, Carmela Parenti, Agostino Marrazzo, Lorella Pasquinucci, Enrique J. Cobos, Stefano Alcaro, Emanuele Amata
Summary: The development of diazabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane and 2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonane derivatives as sigma receptors (SRs) ligands is discussed. The compounds were evaluated for their binding to S1R and S2R, and modeling studies were conducted to analyze the binding mode. Three notable compounds, 4b, 5b, and 8f, were further tested for their analgesic effects and functional profiles. Compound 4b showed S1R agonistic effects, while compounds 5b and 8f exhibited S1R antagonism.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuliana Costanzo, Rita Turnaturi, Carmela Parenti, Salvatore Spoto, Silvia Piana, Maria Dichiara, Chiara Zagni, Anna Rita Galambos, Nariman Essmat, Agostino Marrazzo, Emanuele Amata, Mahmoud Al-Khrasani, Lorella Pasquinucci
Summary: In this study, we investigated the pharmacological properties of LP1 analogs both in vitro and in vivo to develop compounds with improved analgesic effects. By modifying the structure of the N-substituent of LP1, we found that compounds 3 and 7 displayed high binding affinity for the mu opioid receptor (MOR) and showed antagonist or agonist effects in different assays. Compound 7, as potent as LP1 and DAMGO, demonstrated analgesic effects in thermal and inflammatory pain models.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Maria Dichiara, Francesca Alessandra Ambrosio, Sang Min Lee, M. Carmen Ruiz-Cantero, Jessica Lombino, Adriana Coricello, Giosue Costa, Dhara Shah, Giuliana Costanzo, Lorella Pasquinucci, Kyung No Son, Giuseppe Cosentino, Rafael Gonzalez-Cano, Agostino Marrazzo, Vinay Kumar Aakalu, Enrique J. Cobos, Stefano Alcaro, Emanuele Amata
Summary: This work focuses on the design and synthesis of 2,7-diazaspiro[4.4]nonane derivatives as potent sigma receptor (SR) ligands with analgesic activity. The affinities of the compounds at S1R and S2R were measured, and molecular modeling studies were conducted to investigate the binding characteristics. The most promising compound 9d (AD258) showed negligible in vitro cellular toxicity, high binding affinity to both SRs, and high potency in a capsaicin-induced allodynia model.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura De Luca, Lisa Lombardo, Salvatore Mirabile, Agostino Marrazzo, Maria Dichiara, Giuseppe Cosentino, Emanuele Amata, Rosaria Gitto
Summary: In this study, we screened our in-house collection of piperidine/piperazine-based compounds to identify sigma receptor 1 (S1R) ligands. We discovered a potent compound 1 with high affinity for S1R. Functional assay showed that compound 1 acted as an S1R agonist. Computational analysis and molecular dynamic simulations revealed the binding mode and crucial amino acid residues of compound 1, providing a starting point for further structure-based optimization.
RSC MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Andrea Marino, Antonio Munafo, Aldo Zagami, Manuela Ceccarelli, Edoardo Campanella, Federica Cosentino, Vittoria Moscatt, Giuseppina Cantarella, Renato Bernardini, Giuseppe Nunnari, Bruno Cacopardo, Rosaria Di Mauro
Summary: Infective endocarditis caused by Enterococcus faecalis is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates, especially due to the spread of multi-drug resistant strains. Although aminoglycosides have been commonly used for treatment, recent studies have explored alternative approaches such as combination of beta-lactams, considering the nephrotoxicity and the development of aminoglycoside resistance. This case report demonstrates successful treatment of prosthetic valve infective endocarditis caused by an aminoglycoside-resistant E. faecalis strain using ampicillin plus ceftriaxone, despite the presence of artificial heart valve and severe clinical conditions.
Correction
Chemistry, Medicinal
Antonino Nicoloo Fallica, Carla Barbaraci, Emanuele Amata, Lorella Pasquinucci, Rita Turnaturi, Maria Dichiara, Sebastiano Intagliata, Marzia Bruna Gariboldi, Emanuela Marras, Viviana Teresa Orlandi, Claudia Ferroni, Cecilia Martini, Antonio Rescifina, Davide Gentile, Greta Varchi, Agostino Marrazzo
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Shuang Mei, Su Jiang, Yuting Wang, Han Jing, Peng Yang, Miao-Miao Niu, Jindong Li, Kai Yuan, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study identifies a dual-targeting peptide, AP-1, that effectively inhibits variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 without impairing host cell viability. The findings suggest that AP-1 could be a promising broad-spectrum agent for treating emerging VOCs of SARS-CoV-2.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hyeonjun Lee, Ju Yeon Lee, Hyunsoo Jang, Hye Young Cho, Minhee Kang, Sang Hyun Bae, Suin Kim, Eunji Kim, Jaebong Jang, Jin Young Kim, Young Ho Jeon
Summary: By using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, we identified new chemical moieties that bind to the target sites of the protein of interest, allowing for reversible binding and protein degradation. This method has the potential to expand the application of PROTAC technology.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yingying Li, Xiyou Du, Xinru Kong, Yuelin Fang, Zhijing He, Dongzhu Liu, Hang Wu, Jianbo Ji, Xiaoye Yang, Lei Ye, Guangxi Zhai
Summary: This study proposes a novel nanoplatform based on the autophagy cascade to overcome the obstacles in chemo-immunotherapy. The platform combines chemotherapy and starvation therapy to initiate pro-death autophagy and enhance antigen presentation, while also remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the study discovers a new therapeutic direction for the respiration inhibitor 3-bromopyruvic acid (3BP) in cancer treatment. Overall, this study offers an opportunity to improve antitumor efficacy and boost immune responses.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Bingsi Wang, Mingxu Ma, Yusen Dai, Pengfei Yu, Liang Ye, Wenyan Wang, Chunjie Sha, Huijie Yang, Yingjie Yang, Yunjing Zhu, Lin Dong, Shujuan Wei, Linlin Wang, Jingwei Tian, Hongbo Wang
Summary: Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women, and drug resistance remains a clinical challenge. In this study, a novel compound, G-5b, was developed with potent antagonistic and degradation activities comparable to the current drug fulvestrant. G-5b also showed improved stability and solubility. Mechanistically, G-5b engages the proteasome pathway to degrade ER, inhibiting the ER signaling pathway and inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In animal models, G-5b exhibited superior pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties. Overall, G-5b is a promising long-acting SERD worthy of further investigation and optimization.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Karoline B. Waitman, Larissa C. de Almeida, Marina C. Primi, Jorge A. E. G. Carlos, Claudia Ruiz, Thales Kronenberger, Stefan Laufer, Marcia Ines Goettert, Antti Poso, Sandra V. Vassiliades, Vinicius A. M. de Souza, Monica F. Z. J. Toledo, Neuza M. A. Hassimotto, Michael D. Cameron, Thomas D. Bannister, Leticia Costa-Lotufo, Joa o A. Machado-Neto, Mauricio T. Tavares, Roberto Parise-Filho
Summary: A series of hybrid inhibitors combining pharmacophores of known kinase inhibitors and benzohydroxamate HDAC inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity and pharmacokinetic properties. Compounds 4d-f exhibited promising cytotoxicity against hematological cells and moderate activity against solid tumor models. Compound 4d showed potent inhibition of multiple kinase targets and had stable interactions with HDAC and members of the JAK family. These compounds showed selective cytotoxicity with minimal effects on non-tumorigenic cells and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Michal Sulik, Diana Fontinha, Dietmar Steverding, Szymon Sobczak, Michal Antoszczak, Miguel Prudencio, Adam Huczynski
Summary: This study describes the synthesis of the first-in-class ivermectin derivatives obtained through derivatization of the C13 position, along with the unexpected rearrangement of the macrolide ring. These derivatives show potential for antiparasitic activity and are important for the development of new antiparasitic agents.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jun Liu, Qiu-Xian Chen, Wen-Fu Wu, Dong Wang, Si -Yu Zhao, Jia-Hao Li, Yi-Qun Chang, Shao-Gao Zeng, Jia-Yi Hu, Yu-Jie Li, Jia-Xin Du, Shu-Meng Jiao, Hai-Chuan Xiao, Qiang Zhang, Jun Xu, Jian-Fu Zhao, Hai -Bo Zhou, Yong-Heng Wang, Jian Zou, Ping-Hua Sun
Summary: A new anti-infective drug strategy has been discovered to attenuate virulence and modulate inflammation caused by drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Compound 5f inhibits biofilm formation, macrophage migration, and inflammatory response induced by P. aeruginosa, showing potential as a novel candidate against drug-resistant infections.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Liuzeng Chen, Ke Wang, Lingyun Wang, Wei Wang, Lifan Wang, Jia Li, Xiaohan Liu, Mengya Wang, Banfeng Ruan
Summary: In this study, a series of novel anti-inflammatory compounds were designed and synthesized based on the natural product pterostilbene skeleton. Among them, compound 8 showed the highest activity and exhibited its effects through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines by blocking the NF-KB/MAPK signaling pathway. Compound 8 also demonstrated a good relieving effect on acute colitis in mice and showed good safety in acute toxicity experiments.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Si-Min Liang, Gui-Bin Liang, Hui-Ling Wang, Hong Jiang, Xian-Li Ma, Jian-Hua Wei, Ri-Zhen Huang, Ye Zhang
Summary: A series of novel multi-target antitumor agents were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Some compounds exhibited significant antitumor activity and one compound showed excellent efficacy, limited toxicity, and low resistance. Further mechanism studies revealed that the compound exerted antitumor effects through multiple pathways.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
