Article
Infectious Diseases
Maria Sdougka, Maria Simitsopoulou, Elena Volakli, Asimina Violaki, Vivian Georgopoulou, Argiro Ftergioti, Emmanuel Roilides, Elias Iosifidis
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate whether rapid molecular diagnostics in combination with Clinically Pulmonary Index Score (CPIS) scoring, microbiological surveillance, and biomarker measurements of PTX-3, SP-D, s-TREM, IL-1 beta, and IL-8 could improve the accuracy of VAP diagnosis and follow-up in critically ill children. The results showed that these biomarkers could not discriminate between patients with a high or low suspicion of VAP diagnosis.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Amira Mohamed, Enas Daef, Amany Nafie, Lamia Shaban, Maggie Ibrahim
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of carbapenem-resistance and the rates of MDR, XDR, and PDR in CR-GNB infections in VAP. The study found a high presence of carbapenem-resistance genes in the isolates, with bla(NDM) being the most predominant gene. All isolates exhibited high resistance to most antibiotics.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Meizhu Wang, Xi Xu, Shuo Wu, Huiying Sun, Yan Chang, Meng Li, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Xing Lv, Zhaoxu Yang, Xinyu Ti
Summary: The study aims to explore the risk factors for MDRO VAP following cardiac surgery in adults, identifying independent risk factors for MDRO VAP including preoperative creatinine clearance rate >= 86.6ml, intraoperative cardiopulmonary bypass time >= 151 min, postoperative acute kidney injury, and nasal feeding. Gram-negative bacilli were the main pathogens in VAP patients, with Acinetobacter baumannii having the highest infection rate.
BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maroun M. Sfeir
Summary: Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by multidrug resistant pathogens are common and severe, with accurate diagnosis being crucial to initiating appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Conventional phenotypic and advanced molecular tests are available for diagnosing primary MDR pathogens and resistance genes causing pneumonia.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adrian Ceccato, Marta Camprubi-Rimblas, Lieuwe D. J. Bos, Pedro Povoa, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Carles Forne, Aina Areny-Balaguero, Elena Campana-Duel, Luis Morales-Quinteros, Sara Quero, Paula Ramirez, Mariano Esperatti, Antoni Torres, Lluis Blanch, Antonio Artigas
Summary: The measurement and dynamics of Pancreatic Stone Protein (PSP) do not contribute to the early diagnosis of Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Thu Pham Minh Vo, Thien Chi Dinh, Hung Viet Phan, Thuy Thi My Cao, Phuoc Thien Duong, Thang Nguyen
Summary: This study investigated the antibiotic resistance of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (GNB) causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and evaluated the outcomes and side effects of colistin treatment. The results showed a high rate of antibiotic resistance to most antibiotics among GNB, while the addition of colistin did not significantly impact renal toxicity or mortality. Larger studies are needed to further validate these findings.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Swann Bredin, Julien Charpentier, Jean-Paul Mira, Nabil Gastli, Frederic Pene, Jean-Francois Llitjos
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify the risk markers of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDRB) related ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in septic shock patients. The study found that MDRB colonization during ICU stay was independently associated with an increased risk of VAP in septic shock patients.
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Nan Wu, Piyush Ranjan, Changyu Tao, Chao Liu, Ence Yang, Bei He, John R. Erb-Downward, Shining Bo, Jiajia Zheng, Chenxia Guo, Beibei Liu, Lina Sun, Wei Yan, Meng Wang, Wenting Wang, Jianing Wen, Ping Yang, Lin Yang, Qiaoshan Tian, Robert P. Dickson, Ning Shen
Summary: This study utilized Nanopore sequencing to quickly detect pathogens in ventilator-associated pneumonia patients, using saponins to remove human genomes and a non-PCR amplification method for library construction. The average sensitivity of metagenomic sequencing was approximately 2.4 times higher than clinical culture, allowing for accurate pathogen identification within 6 hours.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Stephen M. Bart, Daniel Rubin, Peter Kim, John J. Farley, Sumathi Nambiar
Summary: Recent analysis of Phase 3 noninferiority trials for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia revealed higher 28-day all-cause mortality rates among ventilated patients. Factors such as age, residence, diagnosis, and bacterial infection type were associated with mortality risk. A. baumannii infections were more common in Eastern European and Asia/Pacific participants with ventilator-associated pneumonia.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ari Meliyanti, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Firdian Makrufardi, Eggi Arguni
Summary: This study aimed to identify factors associated with mortality in pediatric pneumonia, and found that bacteremia and underweight were predictors of mortality for pediatric patients with pneumonia who were supported by mechanical ventilation. Comparing these findings with other centers is necessary.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Brianna M. Eales, Vincent H. Tam
Summary: This article presents a challenging case of ventilator-associated pneumonia in which bacteriophage therapy was used as a last resort treatment in combination with systemic antibiotics. The data are promising, and several key areas for future research are highlighted.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ziad A. Elnasser, Haneen M. Obeidat, Mo'ath E. Bani-Salem, Zouhair O. Amarin, Ali F. Banni-Issa, Nasser M. Kaplan
Summary: The study found that Staphylococcus aureus was not the predominant pathogen in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria played a key role, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus being a common pathogen and Gram-negative bacterial infections significantly associated with ventilation usage.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nurgul Ablakimova, Gaziza A. Smagulova, Svetlana Rachina, Aigul Z. Mussina, Afshin Zare, Nadiar M. Mussin, Asset A. Kaliyev, Reza Shirazi, Nader Tanideh, Amin Tamadon
Summary: This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of research on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pneumonia pathogens from 2013 to 2023. The findings reveal an increase in research output and emphasize the importance of collaborative studies. The analysis also identifies key journals, leading countries and institutions, as well as common microorganisms. It underscores the significance of knowledge dissemination and evidence-based interventions in addressing this public health challenge.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Shuang Song, Shulong Zhao, Wei Wang, Fei Jiang, Jingfang Sun, Ping Ma, Haiquan Kang
Summary: This study conducted clinical, molecular, and phenotypic monitoring of hv-CRKP strains in a hospital in China. Most strains carried carbapenemase genes, exhibiting high virulence and resistance. The study highlights the dominant role and molecular epidemiology of hv-CRKP in VAP, emphasizing the need for enhanced monitoring and control.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Cristina Dominedo, Adrian Ceccato, Michael Niederman, Catia Cilloniz, Albert Gabarrus, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Miquel Ferrer, Massimo Antonelli, Antoni Torres
Summary: The newly defined risk factors proposed by the European Respiratory Society/European Society of Intensive Care Medicine/European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases/Latin American Thoracic Society showed low accuracy in predicting multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens in intensive care unit acquired pneumonia (ICU-AP). Admission to hospital settings with high rates of MDR pathogens and prior antibiotic use were the most prevalent risk factors, with a high sensitivity for predicting these microorganisms; prior positive cultures for MDR pathogens showed high specificity but very low sensitivity. Combinations of risk factors did not show any great accuracy for predicting these microorganisms.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
W. Evan Johnson, Aubrey Odom, Chelsie Cintron, Mutharaj Muthaiah, Selby Knudsen, Noyal Joseph, Senbagavalli Babu, Subitha Lakshminarayanan, David F. Jenkins, Yue Zhao, Ethel Nankya, C. Robert Horsburgh, Gautam Roy, Jerrold Ellner, Sonali Sarkar, Padmini Salgame, Natasha S. Hochberg
Summary: The study developed a computational profiling platform to analyze TB signature gene sets and found that existing gene sets for TB performed well in malnourished individuals, showing significant discriminatory power between TB and LTBI with a high area under the curve. This highlights the importance of considering comorbidities like malnutrition in the interpretation of gene expression signatures for TB.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kalpana Thangavelu, Krishnapriya Krishnakumariamma, Gopichand Pallam, Dwivedi Dharm Prakash, Laxmisha Chandrashekar, Ellappan Kalaiarasan, Sindhusuta Das, Muthaiah Muthuraj, Noyal Mariya Joseph
Summary: A study conducted in a South Indian tertiary care hospital on 7633 TB suspects revealed a low frequency of NTM infection, with M. intracellulare being one of the most common NTM species isolated from both pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chelsie Cintron, Prakash Babu Narasimhan, Lindsey Locks, Senbagavalli Babu, Pranay Sinha, Nonika Rajkumari, Vaishnavi Kaipilyawar, Anurag Bhargava, Kimberly Maloomian, Padma Chandrasekaran, Sheetal Verma, Noyal Joseph, W. Evan Johnson, Christine Wanke, C. Robert Horsburgh, Jerrold J. Ellner, Sonali Sarkar, Padmini Salgame, Subitha Lakshminarayanan, Natasha S. Hochberg
Summary: This study aims to investigate the impact of undernutrition and parasitic infections on immune responses and tuberculosis risk, analyzing gene signatures and immune mechanisms involved in disease progression. It also evaluates the potential benefits of nutritional supplementation and parasite treatment in improving immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, potentially reducing the overall burden of TB disease progression in the population.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Vaishnavi Kaipilyawar, Yue Zhao, Xutao Wang, Noyal M. Joseph, Selby Knudsen, Senbagavalli Prakash Babu, Muthuraj Muthaiah, Natasha S. Hochberg, Sonali Sarkar, Charles R. Jr Jr Horsburgh, Jerrold J. Ellner, W. Evan Johnson, Padmini Salgame
Summary: The NanoString nCounter platform is a convenient method for validating tuberculosis biomarkers, benchmarking their performance, and deriving a simplified gene signature with enhanced diagnostic capability. It is a robust platform for validating existing TB biomarkers and deriving a gene signature that can accurately diagnose active TB.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
T. Kalpana, M. Mugunthan, Noyal Maria Joseph, Kalaiarasan Ellappan
Summary: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous free-living microorganisms in the environment that have gained significant importance in recent years due to increased incidence globally. They can cause both pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Correctly identifying the NTMs causing disease is crucial to prevent misdiagnosis as drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and to determine the appropriate treatment regimen.
JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Harriet N. Garlant, Kalaiarasan Ellappan, Matthew Hewitt, Prem Perumal, Simon Pekeleke, Nadina Wand, Jo Southern, Saka Vinod Kumar, Harish Belgode, Ibrahim Abubakar, Sanjeev Sinha, Seshadri Vasan, Noyal Mariya Joseph, Karen E. Kempsell
Summary: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health crisis and the leading cause of death among infectious diseases. The diagnosis of TB is challenging and hinders its control and eradication. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of nine biomarkers as protein targets in TB diagnosis. Some of these biomarkers show great potential for developing diagnostic tests for TB.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy, Komala Ezhumalai, Sharan Murali, Sathish Rajaa, Marie Gilbert Majella, Sonali Sarkar, Subitha Lakshminarayanan, Noyal Mariya Joseph, Govindarajan Soundappan, Senbagavalli Prakash Babu, Charles Horsburgh, Natasha Hochberg, W. Evan Johnson, Selby Knudsen, Sri Ram Pentakota, Padmini Salgame, Gautam Roy, Jerrold Ellner
Summary: A prognostic-scoring model was developed to predict death among newly diagnosed drug sensitive pulmonary TB patients in South India. The model, which had a discriminative power of 0.81, could aid clinicians and policy makers in devising targeted interventions to reduce TB mortality.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Arthur VanValkenburg, Vaishnavi Kaipilyawar, Sonali Sarkar, Subitha Lakshminarayanan, Chelsie Cintron, Senbagavalli Prakash Babu, Selby Knudsen, Noyal Mariya Joseph, C. Robert Horsburgh, Jerrold J. Ellner, Prakash Babu Narasimhan, W. Evan Johnson, Natasha S. Hochberg, Padmini Salgame
Summary: This study found that malnourished individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) exhibit increased activation of inflammatory pathways and higher expression of risk signatures associated with progression to TB, compared to control individuals. These findings suggest the potential for TB risk biomarkers to identify malnourished LTBI individuals for targeted therapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Immunology
Arthur VanValkenburg, Vaishnavi Kaipilyawar, Sonali Sarkar, Subitha Lakshminarayanan, Chelsie Cintron, Senbagavalli Prakash Babu, Selby Knudsen, Noyal Mariya Joseph, C. Robert Horsburgh, Pranay Sinha, Jerrold J. Ellner, Prakash Babu Narasimhan, William Evan Johnson, Natasha S. Hochberg, Padmini Salgame
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
S. Knudsen, S. P. Babu, J. Ramakrishnan, H. E. Jenkins, N. Joseph, C. Cintron, P. B. Narasimhan, P. Salgame, N. S. Hochberg, D. L. Hom, J. Ellner, C. R. Horsburgh Jr, S. Sarkar
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Fen Saj, Vendoti Nitheesha Reddy, Smita Kayal, Biswajit Dubashi, Rakesh Singh, Noyal Mariya Joseph, Prasanth Ganesan
Summary: Double pneumonia with Pneumocystis jirovecii and Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been reported in AIDS patients and allogeneic transplant survivors treated for graft-versus-host disease. The clinical features and imaging findings can be similar in both cases, and timely diagnosis and appropriate therapy are crucial. This case report aims to raise awareness among physicians about considering multiple etiologies in this patient subset.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND PAEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Krishnapriya Krishnakumariamma, Kalaiarasan Ellappan, Muthaiah Muthuraj, Kadhiravan Tamilarasu, Saka Vinod Kumar, Noyal Mariya Joseph
Summary: The study aimed to standardize RT-PCR for the detection of Mtb in CSF samples and compare its performance with Xpert, MGIT960, and MPCR for TBM diagnosis. IS6110RT-PCR was found to be highly sensitive and may aid in the initial screening of suspected TB cases.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bellam S. Subhasree, Noyal Mariya Joseph, Anandhalakshmi Subramanian, Ahmed Musa Al-Hakami, Reba Kanungo
Summary: This study aims to assess the frequency and outcomes of de-escalation in patients with urinary tract infections (UTI). The results show that only 42% of patients underwent de-escalation, with legitimate reasons for omission observed in 21.3% of cases. De-escalation was associated with a reduction in treatment duration and reinfection rate, but had no effect on mortality rate. Therefore, de-escalation is a feasible and safe strategy that should be routinely practiced.
ACTA MEDICA MEDITERRANEA
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Immunology
Vaishnavi Kaipilyawar, Yue Zhao, Xutao Wang, Noyal M. Joseph, Senbagavalli Prakash Babu, Natasha S. Hochberg, Sonali Sarkar, Charles Horsburgh, Jerrold J. Ellner, William Evan Johnson, Padmini Salgame
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gurushankari Balakrishnan, Premkumar Ramasubramani, Sathasivam Sureshkumar, Noyal M. Joseph, Thulasingam Mahalakshmy, Debdatta Basu, Vikram Kate
