Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Vincenzo Fioretti, Donato Gerardi, Giuseppe Giugliano, Aldo Di Fazio, Eugenio Stabile
Summary: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerotic disease and is associated with a poor prognosis and increased risk of cardiovascular events. Cardiologists play a crucial role in screening, diagnosing, and treating PAD due to its shared pathogenesis and treatment goals with coronary artery disease (CAD). However, PAD remains underdiagnosed and undertreated, highlighting the need for increased awareness and focus on this condition.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Richard Goodall, Justin D. Salciccioli, Alun Huw Davies, Dominic Marshall, Joseph Shalhoub
Summary: This study assessed trends in peripheral arterial disease (PAD) incidence and mortality rates in European Union(15+) countries between 1990 and 2017. The results showed a decrease in PAD incidence for females in all 19 EU15+ countries and in 18 of 19 countries for males. However, there was a concomitant overall trend for increasing age-standardised mortality rates in all EU15+ countries for females and in 16 of 19 EU15+ countries for males between 1990 and 2017.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Mette Sogaard, Peter Bronnum Nielsen, Flemming Skjoth, Nikolaj Eldrup, Torben Bjerregaard Larsen
Summary: This study investigated the temporal changes in medical prevention and adverse outcomes in patients with symptomatic PAD who underwent revascularization. The results showed that medication use increased over time, leading to reduced adverse outcomes, except for major amputations. These improvements were seen across all strata of patients undergoing different procedures, regardless of age, sex, or comorbidity.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francesca Bartoli-Leonard, Jonas Zimmer, Abhijeet R. R. Sonawane, Katelyn Perez, Mandy E. E. Turner, Shiori Kuraoka, Tan Pham, Feifei Li, Masanori Aikawa, Sasha Singh, Luke Brewster, Elena Aikawa
Summary: The study reveals the significant role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in peripheral arterial disease (PAD), contributing to macrophage accumulation and calcification in the arteries of PAD patients.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Cui Li, Oliver Kitzerow, Fujiao Nie, Jingxuan Dai, Xiaoyan Liu, Mark A. Carlson, George P. Casale, Iraklis I. Pipinos, Xiaowei Li
Summary: PAD is a progressive atherosclerotic disorder with challenges in treatment. Current research focuses on developing modalities that induce angiogenesis, and biomaterials have potential as a treatment method.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Magdolna Nagy, Paola E. J. van der Meijden, Julia Glunz, Leon Schurgers, Esther Lutgens, Hugo ten Cate, Stefan Heitmeier, Henri M. H. Spronk
Summary: This review focuses on the important factors of atherosclerosis contributing to the pathophysiology of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The role of thrombo-inflammation and hypercoagulability in vascular diseases, including PAD, is discussed. The current antithrombotic treatments and potential new targets for the development of new treatments are also examined.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthias Trenner, Christoph Knappich, Bianca Bohmann, Simon Heuberger, Hans-Henning Eckstein, Andreas Kuehnl
Summary: This study described the German health care landscape and assessed hospital utilization for PAD and ALI. The results showed an increasing number of PAD cases with tissue loss, but a decrease in hospital utilization. The highest incidence and utilization were found in eastern Germany, while the highest rates of major amputations and mortality were in northern parts of Germany. Addressing socioeconomic inequalities and improving the distribution of vascular units could help reduce the burden of PAD and ALI.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Surgery
Penelope Poppy Janpen Sucharitkul, Keely Louise Jones, David Julian Ashbridge Scott, Marc Aaron Bailey
Summary: This review explores lipid optimisation for patients with peripheral arterial disease, highlighting the need for improvement in international guidance and advocating for maximal lipid-reduction therapies to reduce adverse cardiovascular events. Research and ongoing practice audits are necessary to improve outcomes and address under-prescribing in PAD.
ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christine Espinola-Klein, Gerhard Weisser, Volker Schmitt, Melanie Schwaderlapp, Thomas Munzel
Summary: Antithrombotic therapy is highly effective in reducing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and major adverse limb events (MALE) in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Dual pathway inhibition with low-dose rivaroxaban and acetylic salicylic acid (ASA) has demonstrated superiority in preventing MACE and MALE compared to ASA alone. However, it also increases the risk of major bleeding. Current guidelines recommend the combination of low-dose rivaroxaban and ASA for PAD patients with low bleeding risk, while a single antiplatelet drug, preferably clopidogrel, is indicated for those with high bleeding risk. For patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease requiring oral anticoagulation, additional antiplatelet therapy is not necessary to avoid an increased risk of bleeding without improving prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yue Dong, Yuankang Liu, Panpan Cheng, Hongli Liao, Cuiping Jiang, Ying Li, Shuhua Liu, Xiangyang Xu
Summary: This study explores the two different types of lower limb arterial calcification: intimal calcification and medial calcification. Intimal calcification is associated with atherosclerosis, while medial calcification is linked to age, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. Understanding the mechanisms of both types in PAD patients is crucial for treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Goren Saenz-Pipaon, Esther Martinez-Aguilar, Josune Orbe, Arantxa Gonzalez Miqueo, Leopoldo Fernandez-Alonso, Jose Antonio Paramo, Carmen Roncal
Summary: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities is a chronic illness predominantly caused by atherosclerosis and associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors. It is highly prevalent in subjects over 65 years old and is expected to increase significantly with the aging population, posing a severe socioeconomic issue in the future. Poor prognosis of PAD may lead to impaired walking function and increased risk of cardiovascular events. Reliable biomarkers and machine learning methods have the potential to improve identification and personalized treatment of PAD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clemence Bechelli, Diane Macabrey, Sebastien Deglise, Florent Allagnat
Summary: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects a significant number of individuals worldwide and has detrimental effects on quality of life and overall health. Unfortunately, PAD is often overlooked and not adequately treated compared to other cardiovascular conditions. PAD is a complex disease involving arterial atherosclerosis, calcification, and microvascular abnormalities, resulting in chronic ischemia. Novel therapies such as hydrogen sulfide show promise in mitigating the destructive effects of PAD by providing vasorelaxant, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sergio Jansen-Chaparro, Maria D. Lopez-Carmona, Lidia Cobos-Palacios, Jaime Sanz-Canovas, M. Rosa Bernal-Lopez, Ricardo Gomez-Huelgas
Summary: PAD is a common atherosclerotic condition that can lead to decreased quality of life and increased risk of cardiac or cerebrovascular events. Statins are recommended for reducing cardiovascular events and mortality in PAD patients, but the prescribing rate is lower than in patients with coronary heart disease.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Anthony Pio Dimech, Samuel Anthony Galea, Kevin Cassar, Matthew Joe Grima
Summary: Malta, a small island with a population of 514,564, established a Vascular unit in 2007 which led to a reduction in major amputation rates and an increase in minor amputation rates and revascularisation procedures. The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has been on the rise in Malta, along with an aging population.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gbenga Akinyosoye, Adaobi U. Solarin, Adeyemi Dada, Motunrayo O. Adekunle, Alaba B. Oladimeji, Adeola O. Owolabi, Clement M. Akinsola, Barakat A. Animasahun, Fidelis O. Njokanma
Summary: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a complication of nephrotic syndrome (NS) that has been studied the least. Risk factors for developing PAD in children with NS include hyperlipidaemia, hypertension, and prolonged use of steroids. The development of PAD significantly increases morbidity and mortality in NS, making screening for PAD in children with NS recommended to prevent cardiovascular complications.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dolors Estrada, Rosa Ma Soriano, Ana Isabel Jordan, Carolina Fernandez, Miguel Camafort, Cristina Sierra
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of a continuous therapeutic education compared to an initial intervention in hypertensive patients. The results showed that the continuous intervention group had higher scores in knowledge about hypertension and improvements in blood pressure, weight, body mass index, and abdominal girth figures.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Alejandra Garcia-Garcia, Luis A. Alvarez-Sala-Walther, Hae-Young Lee, Cristina Sierra, Domingo Pascual-Figal, Miguel Camafort
Summary: The incidence and prevalence of heart failure are increasing globally, and management involves lifestyle changes and pharmacological treatments. Dietary recommendations for sodium and fluid restriction are expected to benefit HF patients, but there is currently a lack of clear evidence to support this.
KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
M. Camafort, O. Valdez-Tiburcio, F. Wyss
Summary: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a common syndrome associated with high cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Hypertension is one of its major risk factors and plays a role in its development and prognosis. The guidelines recommend renin-angiotensin system blockade as the mainstay of hypertension treatment in HFpEF patients. Other medications such as spironolactone and angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors are also recommended in certain cases. New treatments, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, and promising treatments like finerenone, are emerging. A phenotypic classification and further research on pending issues are needed.
HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR
(2022)
Editorial Material
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Antonio Coca, Miguel Camafort
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso, Andrea Araujo Brandao, Priscila Valverde de Oliveira Vitorino, Audes Diogenes de Magalhaes Feitosa, Eduardo Costa Duarte Barbosa, Roberto Dischinger Miranda, Josep Redon, Miguel Camafort-Babkowski, Antonio Coca, Marco Antonio Mota Gomes
Summary: This study described the use of angiotensin receptor blockers and their effectiveness in controlling arterial hypertension. The results showed that losartan was the most commonly used angiotensin receptor blocker, but it was the least effective in reducing and controlling blood pressure. Combinations of angiotensin receptor blockers with diuretics or calcium channel antagonists resulted in lower blood pressure values.
ARQUIVOS BRASILEIROS DE CARDIOLOGIA
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Pablo Diez-Villanueva, Cesar Jimenez-Mendez, Clara Bonanad, Sergio Garcia-Blas, Angel Perez-Rivera, Gonzalo Allo, Hector Garcia-Pardo, Francesc Formiga, Miguel Camafort, Manuel Martinez-Selles, Albert Ariza-Sole, Ana Ayesta
Summary: Age is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors and disease, which leads to high morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. This comprehensive review examines the impact of important cardiovascular risk factors on cardiovascular disease in the elderly, highlighting the importance of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It also explores the relationship between cardiovascular disease and comorbidities and geriatric conditions, such as frailty, and addresses other aging-related issues like genetics, heart changes, and oxidative stress.
REVIEWS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Miquel Camafort, Cesar R. Ranero, Eulalia Gracia
Summary: The Nubia and Eurasian plates have a poorly defined boundary along the Northern Tunisian continental margin. The Tunisian margin is deformed by slow convergence, resulting in a diffuse deformation zone with less seismic activity compared to neighboring regions. This study analyzes the active tectonics in this submarine margin using high-resolution bathymetric maps and echosounder images, revealing a predominance of transpressive to compressive faulting. The North-eastern Domain of the study area has the highest number of active faults.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
F. Wyss, O. Valdez, M. Camafort, A. Coca
Summary: Latin American hypertension guidelines should be known and applied by most physicians in Central and South American countries, which poses a significant challenge for hypertension societies in the region.
HIPERTENSION Y RIESGO VASCULAR
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
A. J. Manolis, M. S. Kallistratos, M. Camafort, A. Coca
Summary: Over the past three decades, there has been an increasing focus on the fact that lowering blood pressure below a critical point may no longer be beneficial, but possibly harmful. Recent trials and meta-analyses have found that intensive blood pressure lowering can reduce cardiovascular events and mortality, but the data may not be applicable to the general hypertensive population. Different guidelines recommend different blood pressure thresholds for specific clinical situations, such as coronary artery disease and stroke, creating a challenge in determining the limits of intervention and identifying vulnerable patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Minju Han, Young-Ro Lee, Taeyoung Park, Sang-Hyun Ihm, Wook Bum Pyun, Thilo Burkard, Myeong-Chan Cho, Miguel Camafort, Eugene Yang, George S. Stergiou, Hae Young Lee, Jong-Mo Seo, Korean Soc Hypertension
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility and measurement stability of smartwatch-based cuffless blood pressure monitoring in real-world conditions. The results showed that smartwatch-based blood pressure monitoring is feasible for out-of-office monitoring in patients. Blood pressure levels showed considerable variability, mainly depending on the time and day of measurement.
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Carlos Escobar, Domingo Pascual-Figal, Luis Manzano, Julio Nunez, Miguel Camafort
Summary: Based on recent evidence, SGLT2 inhibitors, specifically dapagliflozin, are recommended as first-line therapy for managing heart failure patients, irrespective of ejection fraction, to reduce the burden of heart failure. Studies have shown that dapagliflozin significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular death, all-cause death, total heart failure hospitalizations, and MACE in the entire spectrum of heart failure, with sustained benefits over time. Full implementation of dapagliflozin in clinical practice leads to a substantial reduction in hospitalizations for heart failure and death in real-life populations.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Luis Almenar Bonet, Ma Teresa Blasco Peiro, Begona Laiz Marro, Miguel Camafort Babkowski, Antonio Buno Soto, Andmaria Generosa Crespo-Leiro
Summary: This study investigated the use of specific test panels (STP) for heart failure (HF) in Spain and gathered expert opinions. The results showed that despite some limitations, experts generally believed that STPs have a positive impact on the diagnosis and monitoring of HF. However, efforts are still needed to achieve standardization and homogenization.
ADVANCES IN LABORATORY MEDICINE-AVANCES EN MEDICINA DE LABORATORIO
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jiwei Chen Qin, Marcos Sanchez Sanchez, Esther Vinas Esmel, Miriam Costafreda Mas, Miguel Camafort Babkowski
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jiwei Chen Qin, Marcos Sanchez Sanchez, Esther Vinas Esmel, Miriam Costafreda Mas, Miguel Camafort Babkowski
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Marcos Sanchez Sanchez, Jiwei Chen Qin, Esther Vinas-Esmel, Miriam Costafreda Mas, Manuel Torres, Rosa Martinez Ferre, Cristina Benitez, Cristina Sierra Benito, Antonio Coca Payeras, Miguel Camafort Babkowski
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2022)