Review
Cell Biology
Young Min Son, Jie Sun
Summary: This article discusses the importance of memory CD8 T and B cells in protecting respiratory mucosa from secondary microbial invasion, with a focus on the role of tissue-resident helper T cell populations in this process.
Review
Microbiology
David W. Pascual, Zakia I. Goodwin, Ella Bhagyaraj, Carol Hoffman, Xinghong Yang
Summary: Brucellosis is a common livestock disease that can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or consumption of contaminated milk or meat. Current vaccines are not highly effective, and there is a need for improved vaccines. Research efforts are focused on developing new and improved attenuated Brucella vaccines that mimic the wild-type bacteria and stimulate the host immune response for better protection.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nadine Kamenjarin, Katrin Hodapp, Felix Melchior, Gregory Harms, Ann- Kathrin Hartmann, Joschka Bartneck, Sabine Muth, Verena K. Raker, Christian Becker, Anna Brand, Bjorn E. Clausen, Markus P. Radsak, Hansjorg Schild, Hans Christian Probst
Summary: Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (TRM) in the skin require epidermal Langerhans cells, which cross-present keratinocyte-derived antigens, for their reactivation to provide protection against reinfection.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Mariah Hassert, John T. Harty
Summary: Historically, the induction of neutralizing antibodies in the blood has been the gold-standard benchmark for vaccine immunogenicity. However, there is now growing recognition of the importance of mucosal immunity and tissue resident memory T cells (T-rm) in the early detection and restriction of mucosal pathogens.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Maria Lucia Orsini Delgado, Alicia Sambuelli, Silvia Negreira, Anibal Gil, Leandro DElia, Paola L. Smaldini, Guillermo H. Docena
Summary: The study found that orally administered contaminated water with dust-suspended particulate matter worsened colitis signs in mice, possibly due to alteration of the gut barrier and increased contact with luminal content. IL-10 null mice exhibited a more pronounced inflammatory response.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
John T. Prior, Vanessa M. Limbert, Rebecca M. Horowitz, Shaina J. D'Souza, Louay Bachnak, Matthew S. Godwin, David L. Bauer, Jaikin E. Harrell, Lisa A. Morici, Justin J. Taylor, James B. McLachlan
Summary: The study shows that certain adjuvants can promote the migration of vaccine-specific B cells to the gut, even when the vaccine is given via non-mucosal routes. The adjuvant double mutant heat-labile toxin (dmLT) induces a robust response of vaccine-specific B cells in mucosal tissues, such as the lungs, lamina propria of the large intestines, and Peyer's patches. Compared to the TLR9 ligand adjuvant CpG, only dmLT is able to drive the differentiation and residence of antigen-specific B cells in the mucosal tissues when the vaccine is administered non-mucosally. These findings could have a fundamental impact on the formulation and delivery of future vaccines.
Review
Immunology
Ying Wang, Ningning Xue, Ziyuan Wang, Xin Zeng, Ning Ji, Qianming Chen
Summary: With improving quality of life, the pressure on oral health is increasing. Common oral mucosal diseases, such as oral lichen planus and gingivitis, are related to the destruction of the oral immune barrier. T-helper 17 (Th17) cells and their cytokines play vital roles in maintaining oral immune homeostasis. An excessive Th17/IL-17 response can lead to autoimmune damage, highlighting the importance of understanding the role of Th17 cells in oral mucosa and their potential as therapeutic targets for oral mucosal diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Paola Brandi, Laura Conejero, Francisco J. Cueto, Sarai Martinez-Cano, Gillian Dunphy, Manuel J. Gomez, Carlos Relano, Paula Saz-Leal, Michel Enamorado, Ana Quintas, Ana Dopazo, Joaquin Amores-Iniesta, Carlos del Fresno, Estanislao Nistal-Villan, Carlos Ardavin, Antonio Nieto, Miguel Casanovas, Jose Luis Subiza, David Sancho
Summary: MV130 provides protection against viral infections by inducing trained immunity. It modulates the lung immune landscape to provide long-term heterologous protection and enhances cytokine production. This study reveals the importance of inactivated bacterial vaccines in preventing respiratory infections.
Article
Cell Biology
Tomohiro Fukaya, Tomofumi Uto, Shuya Mitoma, Hideaki Takagi, Yotaro Nishikawa, Moe Tominaga, Narantsog Choijookhuu, Yoshitaka Hishikawa, Katsuaki Sato
Summary: Dysbiosis in the gut impairs the induction of oral tolerance generated in MesLNs. Antibiotic-driven gut dysbiosis causes dysfunction of CD11c+CD103+ conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) in MesLNs, leading to the failure of establishing oral tolerance. This breakdown is caused by the impaired crosstalk between CD11c+CD103+ cDCs and ILC3s due to antibiotic-induced dysbiosis.
Review
Virology
Bin Su, Deshenyue Kong, Xiaodong Yang, Tong Zhang, Yi-Qun Kuang
Summary: The decreased number of MAIT cells in HIV-infected individuals affects intestinal barrier integrity and microbial homeostasis, which in turn further compromises immune reconstitution.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Fangyun Shi, Sixin Zhang, Ning Zhang, Ying Yu, Pei Sun, Xinming Tang, Xianyong Liu, Xun Suo
Summary: Eimeria, a parasite causing coccidiosis in the poultry industry, triggers the accumulation of tissue-resident memory CD8(+) T cells in the cecal lamina propria. These cells exhibit rapid upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and cytotoxic effector molecules, providing direct protection against reinfection. FTY720 treatment disrupts the trafficking of CD8(+) T cells but does not affect the expansion of CD8(+) Trm cells in convalescent mice. Adoptive transfer of cecal CD8(+) Trm cells confers immune protection, highlighting their potential as a correlate for assessing vaccines against other protozoan diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lara Marie DeAngelis, Nicola Cirillo, Alexis Perez-Gonzalez, Michael McCullough
Summary: This study used multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) to investigate the presence and abundance of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in oral lichen planus (OLP) tissue samples, as well as their relationship with Candida infection and symptoms. The results showed the presence of MAIT cell phenotypes in OLP tissue, with significant differences in the percentage of positive cells between different OLP groups. The relative abundance of triple-stained cells also varied significantly. Reduced percentage of certain cells was observed in symptomatic OLP with and without Candida, suggesting a potential role of these cells in OLP pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Peter A. Szabo
Summary: Tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) are a specialized localized immune memory layer in the human body, present in almost every organ. They exhibit remarkable heterogeneity in form and function, shaped by various site-specific influences. This review discusses the surface phenotypes, transcriptional programming, and tissue-specific adaptations of TRM, as well as the mechanisms and models for TRM generation. Understanding the differentiation, function, and maintenance of different subpopulations within the TRM lineage could unlock the full potential of TRM in promoting localized tissue immunity throughout the body.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kavya Rakhra, Wuhbet Abraham, Chensu Wang, Kelly D. Moynihan, Na Li, Nathan Donahue, Alexis D. Baldeon, Darrell J. Irvine
Summary: Utilizing natural albumin transport to enhance mucosal T-RM generation through vaccination can significantly boost lung immune responses, increase the number of cellular responses, and improve protection against viral or tumor challenges.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Miki Kume, Eiji Kiyohara, Yutaka Matsumura, Hanako Koguchi-Yoshioka, Atsushi Tanemura, Yuma Hanaoka, Mifue Taminato, Hiroki Tashima, Koichi Tomita, Tateki Kubo, Rei Watanabe, Manabu Fujimoto
Summary: This study distinguished malignant and benign T cells in CTCL skin lesions and found that benign T cells included limited resident memory T cells (T-RM) with strong antitumor function and showed diminished Th17 property. The high expression of GD3 in malignant T cells was inversely correlated with IL-17A production from benign CD4 T cells, indicating a role of GD3 in suppressing Th17 activity of benign T cells in CTCL independent of T-RM differentiation regulation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kento Takenaka, Toshimitsu Fujii, Ami Kawamoto, Kohei Suzuki, Hiromichi Shimizu, Chiaki Maeyashiki, Osamu Yamaji, Maiko Motobayashi, Akira Igarashi, Ryoichi Hanazawa, Shuji Hibiya, Masakazu Nagahori, Elko Saito, Ryuichi Okamoto, Kazuo Ohtsuka, Mamoru Watanabe
Summary: This study adapted a deep neural network system (DNUC) to real-time video colonoscopy for the detection of histological mucosal inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients. The DNUC showed high sensitivity and specificity in predicting histological remission, and its endoscopic scoring was consistent with expert evaluations. The system has the potential to reduce the number of biopsies required and can be applied in various medical situations.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Sakura Kirino, Nobuharu Tamaki, Masayuki Kurosaki, Shun Kaneko, Kento Inada, Yuki Tanaka, Shun Ishido, Koji Yamashita, Tsubasa Nobusawa, Hiroaki Matsumoto, Yuka Hayakawa, Tatsuya Kakegawa, Mayu Higuchi, Kenta Takaura, Shohei Tanaka, Chiaki Maeyashiki, Yutaka Yasui, Yuka Takahashi, Kaoru Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Ryuichi Okamoto, Namiki Izumi
Summary: The aim of this study was to establish a target value of ALT level during NA treatment as a risk marker for HCC. The results showed that patients with ALT <21 IU/L at 1 year after NA initiation had a lower risk of HCC.
HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Eiko Saito, Kazuo Ohtsuka, Ami Kawamoto, Toshimitsu Fujii, Kento Takenaka, Shuji Hibiya, Hiromichi Shimizu, Masakazu Nagahori, Shohei Tomii, Ryuichi Okamoto
Summary: A 50-year-old man presented with abdominal pain and diarrhea persisting for 8 months, after being treated for myocarditis with ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract. Biopsy confirmed CMV gastrocolitis and antiviral therapy was given. Improvement was observed after discontinuation of eplerenone.
CLINICAL JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kento Takenaka, Yoshio Kitazume, Ami Kawamoto, Toshimitsu Fujii, Yumi Udagawa, Ryosuke Wanatabe, Hiromichi Shimizu, Shuji Hibiya, Masakazu Nagahori, Kazuo Ohtsuka, Hiroyuki Sato, Akihiro Hirakawa, Mamoru Watanabe, Ryuichi Okamoto
Summary: This study investigates the use of LRG as a biomarker for evaluating transmural activity in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The results show a positive correlation between LRG levels and MRE scores, indicating that LRG is a highly accurate biomarker for detecting transmural activity in CD patients. Furthermore, high LRG levels are associated with increased risks of CD-related hospitalization, surgery, and clinical relapse.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ryuichi Okamoto, Tomohiro Mizutani, Hiromichi Shimizu
Summary: This article discusses the importance of mucosal healing in patients with IBD and introduces current factor-based or cell-based treatment options. It also explores the future prospects of regenerative medicine in the treatment of IBD.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shun Kaneko, Yasuhiro Asahina, Mina Nakagawa, Miyako Murakawa, Yasunari Miyazaki, Takahiro Asakage, Shohei Fukuda, Takeshi Namiki, Yoshihito Kano, Masashi Nagata, Jun Tsuchiya, Masato Miyoshi, Fukiko Kitahata-Kawai, Sayuri Nitta, Yasuhiro Itsui, Sei Kakinuma, Ryuichi Okamoto
Summary: This study aimed to identify factors associated with immune-related liver injury (irLI) and investigate its impact on overall survival (OS) in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The results showed that treatment with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 agents and baseline grade 1 aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase elevation were independent predictive factors for grade >= 2 irLI. Treatment with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 was the only independent predictive factor for grade >= 3 irLI. Patients who experienced any immune-related adverse events (irAEs) had a significantly longer median OS, and those with grade >= 2 irLI also had a significantly longer median OS. However, there was no significant difference in median OS between patients with grade >= 3 irLI and others.
HEPATOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kento Takenaka, Ami Kawamoto, Yoshio Kitazume, Toshimitsu Fujii, Yumi Udagawa, Hiromichi Shimizu, Shuji Hibiya, Masakazu Nagahori, Kazuo Ohtsuka, Mamoru Watanabe, Ryuichi Okamoto
Summary: This study aimed to explore the association between serum concentrations of biologics and transmural healing in patients with Crohn's disease. The results showed that patients who achieved transmural healing had a lower risk of hospitalization and surgery. Additionally, the concentration levels of drugs were found to be related to transmural healing.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mina Nakagawa, Yasuhiro Asahina, Sei Kakinuma, Ryuichi Okamoto
Summary: Hepatitis C virus infection causes chronic liver inflammation and fibrogenesis, resulting in severe liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of the virus in non-hepatic tissues can also lead to pathogenic impacts on extrahepatic systems and organs. These extrahepatic manifestations have significant effects on morbidity, mortality, and quality of life.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Taisei Keitoku, Nobuharu Tamaki, Masayuki Kurosaki, Kento Inada, Sakura Kirino, Naoki Uchihara, Keito Suzuki, Yuki Tanaka, Haruka Miyamoto, Shun Ishido, Michiko Yamada, Tsubasa Nobusawa, Hiroaki Matsumoto, Mayu Higuchi, Kenta Takaura, Shohei Tanaka, Chiaki Maeyashiki, Shun Kaneko, Yutaka Yasui, Yuka Takahashi, Kaoru Tsuchiya, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Yasuhiro Asahina, Ryuichi Okamoto, Namiki Izumi
Summary: The significance of fatty liver in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving nucleic acid analog therapy remains unclear. This study aimed to determine if fatty liver affects the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients receiving NA therapy. The results showed that fatty liver was not a significant factor for HCC development in these patients, while advanced fibrosis was found to be an important risk factor.
JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Shun Ishido, Kaoru Tsuchiya, Yoshihito Kano, Yutaka Yasui, Kenta Takaura, Naoki Uchihara, Keito Suzuki, Yuki Tanaka, Haruka Miyamoto, Michiko Yamada, Hiroaki Matsumoto, Tsubasa Nobusawa, Taisei Keitoku, Shohei Tanaka, Chiaki Maeyashiki, Nobuharu Tamaki, Yuka Takahashi, Hiroyuki Nakanishi, Urara Sakurai, Yasuhiro Asahina, Ryuichi Okamoto, Masayuki Kurosaki, Namiki Izumi
Summary: The clinical usefulness of comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who received multiple systemic therapies is investigated in this study. Gene alterations were detected in all nine patients, with seven being eligible for clinical trials based on CGP results. The median number of alterations per patient was four, and blood samples were used in patients with extrahepatic metastasis. These findings provide genomic information of patients with multiple systemic therapies and highlight the utility of blood samples in patients with extrahepatic metastasis. Furthermore, the study suggests that understanding the genomic status in patients treated with multiple molecular-targeted agents could lead to the development of newer systemic agents for HCC treatment.
Article
Physics, Applied
Takeya Unuma, Kosuke Ueda, Ryuichi Okamoto
Summary: We investigate how the initial energy distribution of electrons in a biased semiconductor superlattice, created by femtosecond pump pulses, affects terahertz Bloch oscillations. The emitted terahertz waveforms are well reproduced from a damped oscillation current with capacitive nature. In-plane excess energy changes the relaxation time via scattering processes, while partial use of the pump pulse spectrum reduces the temporal resolution.
APPLIED PHYSICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Satoshi Watanabe, Nobuhiko Ogasawara, Sakurako Kobayashi, Sakura Kirino, Masami Inoue, Yui Hiraguri, Sayaka Nagata, Hiromichi Shimizu, Go Ito, Tomohiro Mizutani, Yasuhiro Nemoto, Kiichiro Tsuchiya, Ryuichi Okamoto, Mamoru Watanabe, Shiro Yui
Summary: This study focused on the role of sulfomucin in ulcerative colitis (UC) and found that sulfomucin production decreased in the inflammatory region of UC and increased in the distal colon and cecum of mice. Through organoids transplantation, sulfomucin secretion was restored in severely injured distal colon. This study provides a basis for the advancement of organoids transplantation therapy for refractory UC.
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Correction
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mina Nakagawa, Yasuhiro Asahina, Sei Kakinuma, Ryuichi Okamoto
JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Takashi Nagaishi, Daiki Yamada, Mamoru Watanabe, Ryuichi Okamoto, Richard S. Blumberg
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nobuhiko Ogasawara, Yoshito Kano, Shinichi Yamauchi, Sakurako Kobayashi, Satoshi Watanabe, Go Ito, Tomohiro Mizutani, Hiromichi Shimizu, Mamoru Watanabe, Yusuke Kinugasa, Ryuichi Okamoto, Shiro Yui